scholarly journals Crop Load Adjustment in ‘Seyval Blanc’ Winegrape: Impacts on Yield Components, Fruit Composition, Consumer Wine Preferences, and Economics of Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler G. Berkey ◽  
Anna Katharine Mansfield ◽  
Steven D. Lerch ◽  
James M. Meyers ◽  
Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Second Year

Crop load management treatments were applied to ‘Seyval Blanc’ grapevines (Vitis hybrid) as a 2 × 2 factorial design: no shoot thinning (ST)/no cluster thinning (CL) (i.e., control), ST combined with CL (ST + CL), ST only, and CL only. All treatments reduced yield and crop load (yield/pruning weight) in 2009 and had a smaller impact in 2010 due to the carryover effect of previous year treatments on crop potential. Soluble solids were improved by up to 3.2% by the ST + CL treatment in 2009, but were not impacted by treatments in the second year when the range of yield was smaller and the ripening conditions more favorable. Rank sum analysis for the 2009 vintage indicated that wines produced from the CL treatment were preferred by the sensory panel compared with the control wine, but there were no differences in consumer preference for wines produced in the 2010 season. Grower preferred price in 2009 (required to compensate the grower for labor costs and lost yield) increased from $556/t in the control to $824/t in the CL treatment, an increase which could be justified by the demonstrated consumer preference for the CL wine. Grower preferred price was $1022/t in the ST + CL treatment in 2009, a price increase that was not justified by a demonstrated consumer preference for the wine. In 2010, grower preferred price ranged from $541/t for the control to $610/t for the ST + CL treatment, an unjustified increase based on the lack of demonstrated consumer preference for the wines.

scholarly journals Effects of Pruning and Cluster Thinning on Yield and Fruit Composition of `Chambourcin' Grapevines

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaan Kurtural ◽  
Imed E. Dami ◽  
Bradley H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
The Relationship

Response of yield components and fruit composition of `Chambourcin' (Vitis vinifera × V. rupestris) grapevines to three pruning levels of 15, 20, and 25 nodes retained for each pound of dormant prunings; and three cluster thinning levels of 1, 2, and 2+ clusters per shoot in 2002 and 1, 1.2, and 1.5 clusters per shoot in 2003 were measured at two vineyards in the lower midwestern United States. In both years of the study, there was very little interaction of pruning and cluster thinning. The proportion of non-count shoots increased within the canopy in response to increased pruning severity. Pruning weight means were lower in 2002 across all treatments compared to 2003. Pruning weights decreased with the increase in the number of clusters retained per vine. Pruning influenced yield only in 2003 when the proportion of count shoots decreased below 62% of the total, hence the relationship between number of shoots per vine and yield (R2 = 0.3452; P < 0.0003). In both years of the study, the increase in severity of cluster thinning resulted in yield reduction but an increase in the total soluble solids in juice. Yield compensation was achieved by an increase in cluster weight of 38%, and 25% in response to a reduction of 37%, and 23% in cluster numbers; which translated into a yield reduction of only 10% and 3%, at Vineyards 1 and 2, respectively. Balanced pruning to 15 to 20 nodes per 1 lb of prunings and cluster thinning to 1 to 1.2 clusters/shoot optimized yield (9.7 kg/vine, 13.4 t·ha-1) and fruit composition, and maintained vine size (≥0.3 kg·m-1 of row). These results provide valuable information for growers of `Chambourcin' grapevines in the lower midwestern U.S., as well as in other climates with long growing seasons.

scholarly journals A Five-year Study on the Effect of Cluster Thinning on Yield and Fruit Composition of `Chambourcin' Grapevines

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Dami ◽  
Dave Ferree ◽  
Anton Prajitna ◽  
Dave Scurlock
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Short Growing Season ◽  
Cool Climate

`Chambourcin' (Vitis sp.) is a French-American hybrid cultivar that has the propensity to overcrop, and its performance under cool climate and short growing season is not known. This study was conducted for five years (2000 to 2004) to evaluate the effect of three levels of cluster thinning (10, 20, and 30 clusters per vine) on yield and fruit composition of `Chambourcin' grown in northeastern Ohio. Cluster thinning reduced yield per vine and crop load, but increased pruning, cluster and berry weights. Cluster thinning also improved juice composition by increasing soluble solids and pH but not acidity. It was concluded that under the climatic conditions of this study, thinning to 10 clusters per vine (or 8 clusters per meter of row) produced the lowest yield but the highest vine size with the most optimum fruit composition. Therefore, vines from the 10-cluster treatment were considered the most balanced in the 5-year study. Additionally, due to the repeated coincidence of harvest with the first fall frost, it was suggested that the site in continental Northeast Ohio is risky for commercial production and longer and warmer seasons are thus preferred.

scholarly journals Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

scholarly journals Early-ripening Grapevine Cultivars for Dry-on-vine Raisins on an Open-gable Trellis

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
L. Peter Christensen ◽  
Donald G. Katayama ◽  
David W. Ramming
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Overall Performance

‘Diamond Muscat’, ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were evaluated to determine their suitability for making dry-on-vine (DOV) raisins on an open-gable trellis. The experiment was a split-plot, with training system, head, bilateral, or quadrilateral cordons as the main plot, and grapevine cultivar (Diamond Muscat, DOVine, Fiesta, or Selma Pete) as the subplot. Yield components, fruit composition, and raisin yield and quality were evaluated annually. Vine training style did not affect fruit composition, or raisin yield or quality, but vines trained to quadrilateral cordons produced more clusters on renewal shoots than head-trained vines. ‘DOVine’, ‘Fiesta’, and ‘Selma Pete’ produced about 4.75 tons/acre of raisins, ≈10% more than ‘Diamond Muscat’. ‘Diamond Muscat’ vines produced the most clusters on renewal shoots, an undesirable trait, and the most clusters per vine. ‘Fiesta’ matured later than the other cultivars, therefore it had the lowest soluble solids, the poorest raisin grades, and the highest field moisture at harvest. ‘Selma Pete’ grapes matured as early, or earlier, than the grapes of other cultivars, they had among the highest soluble solids and raisin grades, and the raisins generally dried well. Thus, ‘Selma Pete’ grapevines had the best overall performance of the cultivars tested.

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield and quality of sweet corn varieties (Zea mays L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12613
Author(s):  
Timucin Tas ◽  
Arzu Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Second Year

Sweet corn is cultivated in different climatic regions of the world, and consumed either fresh or processed. Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield, yield components and quality of some sweet corn varieties were investigated in field experiments conducted at Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experimental lay out was randomized blocks with three replicates. Eight candidates and two control sweet corn varieties classified as moderate maturity (FAO 650–700) were used in field experiment. Mean values of pollen fertility rate (PFR, %), total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), abscisic acid (ABA, nmol/g DW), ear length (EL, cm), plant height (PH, cm), number of grains per cob (CGN, grain) and fresh cob yield (FCY, t ha−1) were significantly different between years and sweet corn varieties. The PFR, TSS, ABA, EL, PH, CGN and FCY ranged from 40.29–67.65%, 13.24–20.09 °brix, 7.74–21.04 nmol/g DW, 9.69–15.98 cm, 97.80–171.34 cm, 289.15–420.33 grain and 4.15–10.23 t ha−1 respectively. The FCY, yield components and PFR values in the second year that had a higher temperature and lower relative humidity were lower compared to the first year, while ABA and TSS values were higher in the second year. Statistically significant correlations were recorded between the parameters investigated except FCY and TSS. The FCY and other parameters of sweet corn varieties, which produced high ABA phytohormone, were high, and the ABA hormone significantly contributed to plant growth under stress conditions. The results revealed that the PFR physiological parameter and ABA hormone in the plants provide important information about stress level and stress tolerance level of the cultivars, respectively. Despite adverse environmental stress conditions, the FCY of ŞADA-18.7 variety, one of the candidate varieties, was higher than that of the control and the mean value of the experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Cropload on Eastern European Grapevine Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011B-1011
Author(s):  
Joseph Masabni ◽  
S. Kaan Kurtural ◽  
Dwight Wolfe ◽  
Chris Smigell
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Western Kentucky

The effect of cropload (kg yield/kg pruning weight) on yield components and fruit composition of 17 eastern European grapevine cultivars was evaluated from 2000 to 2004 in a vineyard, at the research station in western Kentucky, characterized by a long and warm season. There was a cubic relationship between number of clusters retained per vine and the cropload (R2 = 0.6374, P < 0.0001). Similar relationship was evident between yield per vine and cropload (R2 = 0.5908, P < 0.0001). Of the observed variation in cluster weight, 28% was attributed to variation among predictions, based on the value of cropload in a quadratic relationship (P < 0.0001). As cropload increased, pruning weight per meter of row decreased (R2 = 0.4513, P < 0.0001). However, there was very little effect of cropload on the percentage of total soluble solids and juice pH measured at harvest. Optimum cropload values fell in between 13–18 (kg yield/kg pruning weight) depending upon cultivar evaluated, based on optimum ranges for pruning weight per meter of row for optimum vine balance in the lower Midwest.

scholarly journals Crop Load Management and the Market Profitability of ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
Ines Hanrahan ◽  
Yeon A Hong ◽  
James J. Luby
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Solids Content

This study assessed the potential impacts on grower profits when the crop load management is not optimal. We used a hedonic pricing model to estimate the relationship between ‘Honeycrisp’ apple (Malus ×domestica) quantities and prices by size category. This information was used to assess potential changes in grower returns as the grower shifts production toward certain size fruit. A grower would realize a loss of $5332/acre if production of size 48 to 88 count per 40-lb box decreased by 5% and size 100 to 163 count/box increased by 5% compared with current ‘Honeycrisp’ size distribution. In addition, we used experimental auctions to estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for ‘Honeycrisp’ quality characteristics. Apple consumers, in this study, were willing to pay an average of $0.12/lb more for a one-unit increase in soluble solids concentration. A $0.12/lb discount for a decrease in soluble solids content (SSC) would represent a $1362/acre loss. Optimal sizes and SSC estimated in this study are linked with crop loads no larger than seven fruit/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area under Washington state growing conditions. Given the increasing popularity of ‘Honeycrisp’, growers and allied industries should be aware of the importance of preserving the quality of this cultivar to maintain price premiums and thus profit margins.

scholarly journals Training System and Vine Spacing Impact Vine Growth, Yield, and Fruit Composition in a Vigorous Young ‘Noiret’ Vineyard

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Vanden Heuvel ◽  
Steven D. Lerch ◽  
Celine Coquard Lenerz ◽  
James M. Meyers ◽  
Anna Katharine Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Training System ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
The Impact

An experimental vineyard was planted in Geneva, NY, in 2007 to determine the impact of training system [low bilateral cordon with vertical shoot positioning (LVSP), high wire bilateral cordon (HWC)], vine spacing (1.8 and 2.4 m), and root system [own-rooted, grafted onto ‘101–14 Mgt’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis rupestris)] on vine growth, yield, fruit composition, and wine quality of the recently-released winegrape ‘Noiret’ (Vitis hybrid). Yield components were generally unaffected by training system in 2009, but vines spaced at 2.4 m had about six fewer clusters per meter of canopy, lower pruning weights by 0.24 kg·m−1, and clusters that were 0.01 kg greater in mass compared with vines spaced at 1.8 m. In 2010, HWC yielded 0.98 kg·m−1 more than LVSP, and had a higher crop load ratio by 0.8. Larger vine spacing increased yield by 0.32 kg·m−1 and increased crop load ratio by 0.3. Grafted vines increased yield by 0.36 kg·m−1 and crop load ratio by 0.3. Training system and vine spacing had minimal impact on fruit composition in both years. Rank sum analysis indicated a consumer preference for the aroma of wines from the HWC/2.4-m treatment compared with wines from the LVSP/1.8-m treatment in 2009, and a consumer preference for the aroma of wines from the HWC/1.8-m treatment compared with wines from the LVSP/1.8-m treatment in 2010. Results suggest that the LVSP system is not a suitable choice for vigorous ‘Noiret’ vines because of low yields, low crop load ratios, and low preference rankings of LVSP wines by the consumer sensory panel.

scholarly journals Vineyard Floor Management and Cluster Thinning Inconsistently Affect ‘Pinot noir’ Crop Load, Berry Composition, and Wine Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Reeve ◽  
Patricia A. Skinkis ◽  
Amanda J. Vance ◽  
Katherine R. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Tomasino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Berry Composition

Growers of high-end ‘Pinot noir’ wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) commonly reduce yield by cluster thinning with the goal of increasing fruit quality; however, there are no objectively defined yield targets to achieve optimum fruit composition. Canopy leaf area relative to fruit yield can affect total soluble solids (TSS), and recommendations have been established for warm wine grape production regions. However, the relationship between leaf area and photoassimilation differs among climates and training systems. Leaf area to yield (LA:Y) ratios developed in warm, arid regions may not be suitable for cool, wet regions such as western Oregon. A 3-year field study was conducted to elucidate relationships between canopy to yield ratios and berry composition for ‘Pinot noir’. Vegetative growth and fruit yield were manipulated through competitive cover cropping and cluster thinning. Growth was manipulated in three ways: perennial red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in 1) both (Grass), 2) one (Alternate), or 3) neither (Tilled) of the alleyways flanking the vine row. Within each vineyard floor treatment, fruit clusters were thinned to one per shoot (Half Crop) or vines were left unthinned (Full Crop). Floor management influenced both canopy size and yield because of altered vine nitrogen (N) status. Effects of crop load on berry components were not always consistent between the crop load metrics used [yield to pruning weight (Y:PW) ratio or LA:Y]. In 2 years, TSS reached a maximum at similar LA:Y; however, this did not necessarily produce optimum TSS. Yield had the greatest influence on pH and total anthocyanins (ACY) in the highest yielding, coolest year. Crop load metrics were not reliable predictors of TSS because of the dominant effect of seasonal variation. Relationships between canopy to yield metrics and other berry components were partially explained by tissue N, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) through the cluster zone, and/or yield. Cluster thinning to adjust yields may not alter source to sink relationships or canopy to yield ratios enough to overcome ripening limitations in cool climates. Only one wine vintage had sensory differences with Alternate-Half Crop and Alternate-Full Crop wines ranked high quality and Tilled-Half Crop and Tilled-Full Crop wines ranked low quality by both consumer and winemaker panels. Therefore, cluster thinning may have limited impact on wine sensory properties.

scholarly journals Influence of Crop Load and Cluster Microclimate on Yield and Fruit Quality in `Seyval Blanc'

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 575a-575
Author(s):  
Ann K. Hummell ◽  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Average Cluster

A 2-year field study was initiated in 1994 to examine the interactions between crop load and cluster exposure and their influences on the yield and fruit quality of mature, own-rooted `Seyval blanc' grapevines. Light, moderate, and heavy crop loads were established near bloom by cluster-thinning vines planted at 2.6 × 3.0-m spacing to around 20, 40, and 80 clusters per vine, respectively. At veraison, three clusters per vine were given one of three natural shaded treatments: fully exposed, partially shaded, and densely shaded. Vines with the heavy crop load produced higher yields per vine and lower cluster and berry weights. Heavy vine clusters tended to be more green in 1994 and possessed lower pH and soluble solid concentrations in both years compared to other crop loads. Compared to densely shaded clusters, fully exposed clusters had smaller average cluster and berry weights, lower titratable acidity, higher pH and soluble solid concentrations, and more yellow coloration. In 1994, no significant interactions were found for any fruit quality or yield characteristics. In 1995, significant interactions were found for soluble solids and hue angle, but not for yield, pH, or titratable acidity. These results suggest that the crop load of the vine and microclimate around the cluster, in addition to their individual effects, sometimes interact to affect fruit quality in `Seyval blanc' wine grapes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document