scholarly journals The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Maciej Chowaniak ◽  
Naim Rashidov ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Florian Gambuś ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Training System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Northern Tajikistan creates favorable conditions for growing grapes due to its climate. The choice of method of grape production to ensure a high-quality yield, while reducing the negative effects of such production on the environment, poses a serious challenge to implementation regarding the principles of sustainable production. In addition to the essential techniques associated with grapevine production, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, a training system plays a significant role. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental efficiency of vineyard training systems in northern Tajikistan. The indicators accepted for the evaluation process were the vegetative growth of plants, yield, and environmental pressure of production expressed by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The single-factor experiment was conducted in Ghafurov District, and the following training systems were used: (A) multi-arm fan; (B) Umbrella Kniffin; (C) one-side multi-arm, paired planting. Growth parameters, yield, yield quality, and GHG emissions were evaluated. The cultivation of grapes in training system “C” resulted in higher values of parameters such as Practical Bud Fertility coefficient and fruiting shoots pcs and higher yields. The training systems were ranked according to GHG emissions per yield unit in the following order, from lower to higher emissions: C < B < A.

Impactul inundaţiilor pluviale din Republica Moldova și măsurile de diminuare a lui

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Mindru ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

In the Republic of Moldova, the main factor contributing to the floods is the torrential rains from the warm semester of the year, which create favorable conditions for triggering strong, sometimes catastrophic floods in the rivers of the republic, especially in the smaller ones. During the study period, 40 floods with significant damage were recorded in the country, with an annual frequency ranging from 0 to 12 cases. In the administrativeterritorial profile, the damages caused by the aforementioned floods varied greatly. Based on the statistical data, a digital map was developed reflecting the degree of exposure of the territory of the Republic of Moldova in the administrative-territorial aspect to the mentioned risk, expressed by the value of the damages caused. In order to reduce the impact caused by the flood floods, measures have been developed to prevent, reduce and combat the negative effects of that risk.

scholarly journals A Sociotechnical Approach to Evaluating the Impact of ICT on Clinical Care Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Departmental Culture ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Sociotechnical Theory ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Process-supporting information technology holds the potential to increase efficiency, reduce errors, and alter professional roles and responsibilities in a manner which allows improvement in the delivery of patient care. However, clashes between the model of health care work inscribed in these tools with the actual nature of work has resulted in staff resistance and decreased organisational uptake of ICT, as well as the facilitation of unexpected and negative effects in efficiency and patient safety. Sociotechnical theory provides a paradigm against which workflow and transfusion of ICT in healthcare could be better explored and understood.Design: This paper will conceptualise a formative, multi-method longitudinal evaluation process to explore the impact of ICT with an appreciation of the relationship between the social and technical systems within a clinical department.Method: Departmental culture, including clinical work processes and communication patterns will be thoroughly explored before system implementation using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings will be compared with post implementation data, which will incorporate measurement of safety and workflow efficiency indicators.Discussion: Sociotechnical theory provides a paradigm against which workflow and transfusion of ICT in healthcare could be better explored and understood. However, sociotechnical and multimethod approaches to evaluation do not exist without criticism. Inherent in the protocol are limitations of sociotechnical theory and criticism of the multimethod approach; testing of the methodology in real clinical settings will serve to verify efficacy and refine the process.

scholarly journals Spatial and Seasonal Structure of Bacterial Communities Within Alpine Vineyards: Trentino as a Case Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Guzzon ◽  
Daniela Bertoldi ◽  
Tomas Roman ◽  
Roberto Zanzotti ◽  
Elena Franciosi
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Training System ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Microbiological Assays ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bacterial microbiota has a fundamental role in determining the fitness of a grapevine, the composition of grapes and the features of wines but, at present, little information is available. In this work, the bacterial microbiota that colonizes the different portions of a grapevine (bark, leaves and grapes) was explored in the vineyards of the Alpine region of Trentino, considering the impact of different environmental and agronomical variables. The six vineyards included in the work were identified considering different geographical positions, vine training systems and agronomical approaches, to explore the whole variability of the vine ecosystem. Moreover, the surface amount of copper was measured on grapes and leaves during the vegetative growth, to test its relation with microbiota development. Microbiological assays, performed using plate counts and Illumina MiSeq, started in May until October revealing an increase in the concentration of grape microbiota proportional to the ripening. Conversely, the peak of bacterial concentration onto leaves and bark occurred in August, probably due to the more favorable environmental conditions. In bark samples, the microbiota reached the 7 log UFC/cm2, while 6 log UFC/g were measured in grape samples. A remarkable biodiversity was observed, with 47 genera/species of bacteria present. The presence of the main microbial groups (Alphaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostriadiales, Oscillospira, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales) was ubiquitous in vineyards, but differences in terms of relative abundance were observed according to the period, altitude of vineyard and training system. Bacteria having oenological implication (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus) were detected only in grape samples collected in August. The data revealed a complex bacterial ecosystem inside the vineyard that, while maintaining common traits, evolves according to environmental and agronomical inputs. This study contributes to define the role of bacteria in the complex balance established in each vineyard between human actions and agricultural environment, known as terroir.

scholarly journals Effects of artificial sweeteners on Lemna minor

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Kobetičová ◽  
Klára Anna Mocová ◽  
Lucie Mrhálková ◽  
Šárka Petrová
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Freshwater Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Artificial sweeteners are common micropollutants in the aquatic environment. They were detected both in surface waters and in groundwater. Human toxicity has also been studied quite intensively but their ecotoxicity has not been studied so far. To assess the impact of four artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharine, and acesulfame K) and one natural sweetener (stevioside) on freshwater plants, a growth inhibition test was set up in the macrophyte duckweed (Lemna minor). Subsequently full dose-response curves were established by exposing L. minor plants to concentrations of each individual sweetener ranging from 6.25 mg/l up to 100 mg/l for 7 days. Three different endpoints were tested: frond number, frond area and total chlorophyll content. Tests were performed under sterile conditions. Sweeteners had various effects on Lemna plants. Saccharine, acesulfame K and stevioside did not cause any significant negative effects on any of the measured parameters. On the contrary, stevioside and saccharine caused slowly stimulative effects. Aspartame and sucralose inhibited growth parameters (frond number and frond area) but the chlorophyll content was not affected.

scholarly journals Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorién Gracia ◽  
Pedro Casero ◽  
Cyril Bourasseau ◽  
Alexandre Chabert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Grid Solution ◽  
The Impact

Diesel generators are currently used as an off-grid solution for backup power, but this causes CO2 and GHG emissions, noise emissions, and the negative effects of the volatile diesel market influencing operating costs. Green hydrogen production, by means of water electrolysis, has been proposed as a feasible solution to fill the gaps between demand and production, the main handicaps of using exclusively renewable energy in isolated applications. This manuscript presents a business case of an off-grid hydrogen production by electrolysis applied to the electrification of isolated sites. This study is part of the European Ely4off project (n° 700359). Under certain techno-economic hypothesis, four different system configurations supplied exclusively by photovoltaic are compared to find the optimal Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE): photovoltaic-batteries, photovoltaic-hydrogen-batteries, photovoltaic-diesel generator, and diesel generator; the influence of the location and the impact of different consumptions profiles is explored. Several simulations developed through specific modeling software are carried out and discussed. The main finding is that diesel-based systems still allow lower costs than any other solution, although hydrogen-based solutions can compete with other technologies under certain conditions.

scholarly journals INTERACTION OF TRAINING SYSTEM, SUMMER PRUNING AND ROOT PRUNING ON YIELD AND CANOPY DENSITY OF PEACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168g-1168
Author(s):  
W.C. Olien ◽  
R.E. Williamson ◽  
C.E. Hood ◽  
D.R. Decoteau ◽  
D.C. Coston
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Training System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Training Systems

Factorial combinations of ± root pruning (RP) and ± summer pruning (SP) were initiated in 1991 as subplots within a Redhaven/Lovell study of orchard training systems: Open Center (OC), Y-Trellis (YT), Central Leader (CL), and Meadow Orchard (MO) established in 1985. Root pruning was imposed at bloom (March 28) at 76 cm from the trunk to a depth of 45 cm. Summer pruning consisted of preharvest removal of water sprouts (June 5). Canopy density, quantified by transmittance of PAR radiation through the canopy, was greatest in OC and MO and least in YT and CL systems. SP and RP treatments further reduced canopy density by 35 to 80%. There were no main or interactive effects of SP and RP on 1991 yields or fruit quality, and also no interactive effects of orchard systems with SP and RP. Thus, SP and RP reduced canopy density without negative effects on fruit. RP, however, advanced harvest date by ca 4 days. A parallel study was also initiated in 1991 to determine the effects of root pruning distance (30, 60, 90 cm from the trunk, or no RP) on canopy density, yield, and fruit quality of mature, OC-trained Redhaven/ and Jefferson/Lovell. Reduction in canopy density without loss of yield or fruit size was obtained at a RP distance between 60 and 90 cm.

scholarly journals Development of an Assessment Method for Evaluation of Sustainable Factories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Pirouz ◽  
Natale Arcuri ◽  
Behzad Pirouz ◽  
Stefania Anna Palermo ◽  
Michele Turco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The Impact

The role of the industrial sector in total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resource consumption is well-known, and many industrial activities may have a negative environmental impact. The solution to decreasing the negative effects cannot be effective without the consideration of sustainable development. There are several methods for sustainability evaluation, such as tools based on products, processes, or plants besides supply chain or life cycle analysis, and there are different rating systems suggesting 80, 140, or more indicators for assessment. The critical point is the limits such as required techniques and budget in using all indicators for all factories in the beginning. Moreover, the weight of each indicator might change based on the selected alternative that it is not a fixed value and could change in a new case study. In this regard, to determine the impact and weight of different indicators in sustainable factories, a multi-layer Triangular Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (TFAHP) approach was developed, and the application of the method was described and verified. The defined layers are six; for each layer, the pairwise comparison matrix was developed, and the total aggregated score concerning the sustainability goal for each alternative was calculated that shows the Relative Importance Coefficient (RIC). The method is formulated in a way that allows adding the new indicators in all layers as the verification shows, and thus, there are no limits for using any green rating systems. Therefore, the presented approach by TFAHP would provide an additional tool toward the sustainable development of factories.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LOCAL TERRITORIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL-EXOGENOUS FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Irina Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of the major exogenous factors on the development and effective functioning of the local territories. Notion of the regional economic development is based on the research that study factors, characteristics and conditions for economic growth. In this sense, the study of the influence of exogenous factors is a new scientific direction, which allows, based on an analysis of the degree of influence of these factors, to determine strategic directions for the prospective development of local territories by optimizing the use of resource potential and the production of products and services taking into account the specifics of the local territory. As a result, the analysis identifies the determinants that affect the development of local territories: economic, informational, socio-cultural and public ones. The economic factor is assessed in terms of fiscal policy in the region and is evaluated as a factor in the adverse effect, in view of the traditional subsidy of the region. Factors with positive influence on the development of local territories can be classified as informational, socio-cultural and public. Thus, we can conclude that there are both positive and negative effects of endogenous factors in the region. All in all, the majority of natural and exogenous factors in the Altai Region have a positive impact, thereby creating favorable conditions for the functioning of local territories in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Multiannual Impact of the Grape Training System on GHG Emissions in North Tajikistan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6160
Author(s):  
Naim Rashidov ◽  
Maciej Chowaniak ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Gulov Saidali Mamurovich ◽  
Masaidov Jamshed Gufronovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Training System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
The One ◽  
High Fertilization

The overarching goal of agricultural sciences is to optimize production technology to rationalize the use of production resources, energy, and space. Due to its high fertilization and water requirements, the vine is a plant with a high potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The modifying factor in the production technology is plantation management. To reach the assumed goal, a field experiment was conducted in the years 2001–2020, and the following training systems were used: multi-arm fan system (A) trunk height <30 cm, (B) 80 cm, (C) 120 cm, one-side multi-arm, paired planting (D) 120 cm, (E) 140 cm. The total amount of GHGs emitted in vine cultivation was calculated according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The system boundaries were: establishing the plantation, the production and use of fertilizers and pesticides, energy consumption for agricultural treatments, and gas emissions from the soil. The amount of GHG emissions for cultivation using the systems A, B, C ranged from 426.77 to 556.34 kg of CO2-eq Mg of yield−1, while in the case of D and E systems, the value was approx. 304.37 to 306.23 CO2-eq Mg of yield−1. When comparing this stage with total annual emissions related to cultivation (for 1 ha), the amount of emitted GHGs at this stage is from approx. 42% to 58% higher than from annual emission related to cultivation. Concrete poles are the main element related with GHG emission during stage of plantation establishment, from 97 to 98% of emission. In the case of annual production, nitrogen fertilizers are responsible for approx. 36%. Moreover, the results show that systems D and E increased the average annual fruit yield (per 19 years of research) by approx. 68% compared to the A, B, C systems. There was no difference in the yield of plants with different height of shoots in the D and E systems. The “one-side, multi-arm, paired planting system” was characterized by the highest production and environmental efficiency.

scholarly journals IR Detection of Impact Places of Projectiles in the Training System “ŚNIEŻNIK”

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Waldemar ŚWIDERSKI ◽  
Tomasz GŁOGOWSKI ◽  
Paweł HŁOSTA ◽  
Sławomir STĘPNIAK
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Ir Detection ◽  
The Impact

Multimedia laser-shooting training systems are more and more frequently used for trainings uniformed services and protective formations. One of the subsequent stages of the development of the “Śnieżnik” system is the possibility of training with weapon and combat ammunition, basing on dynamic scenarios and moving targets displayed on a screen. The paper presents application of IR for detection of the impact place of the projectile of combat or blank ammunition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document