Correlates of Hip Cartilage Defects: A Cross-sectional Study in Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbeer G. Ahedi ◽  
Dawn A. Aitken ◽  
Leigh C. Blizzard ◽  
Chang-hai H. Ding ◽  
Flavia M. Cicuttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hip Pain ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Hip Cartilage

Objective.Knee cartilage defects are a key feature of osteoarthritis (OA) but correlates of hip defects remain unexplored. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the correlates of hip cartilage defects.Methods.The study included 194 subjects from the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort who had right hip short-tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hip cartilage defects were assessed and categorized as grade 0 = no defects, grade 1 = focal blistering or irregularities on cartilage or partial thickness defect, and grade 2 = full thickness defect. Hip pain was determined by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Hip structural changes were measured on MRI, and hip radiographic OA (ROA) was assessed. Leg strength and physical activity were assessed using dynamometer and pedometers, respectively. Data were analyzed using log binomial and linear regression.Results.Of 194 subjects, 24% (n = 48) had no defects, 34% (n = 66) had grade 1, and 41% (n = 80) had grade 2. In multivariable analyses, any hip defects were associated with greater hip pain [prevalence ratio (PR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.35] and lower mean leg strength (men; mean ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.67–0.98). Grade 1 defects were associated with hip bone marrow lesions (BML; PR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.96) and high cartilage signal (men; PR 1.84, 95% CI 1.27–2.70), but not with hip pain or other structural findings. Grade 2 defects were associated with greater hip pain (PR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09–1.80), hip BML (PR 1.45, 95% CI 1.15–1.85), hip effusion cross-sectional area (PR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.30), hip ROA (men; PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.13–2.25), and steps/day (PR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99).Conclusion.Grade 2 defects in both sexes and grade 1 defects (mostly in men) are associated with clinical, demographic, and structural factors relevant for OA. Damage to the hip cartilage could be one of the major causes of rapid disease progression and pathophysiology of hip defects. The topic needs further study.

scholarly journals Decreased choroidal and scleral thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Chul Park ◽  
Eun Kyoung Lee ◽  
Bo Hee Kim ◽  
Baek-Lok Oh
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pathologic Myopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Posterior Staphyloma ◽  
Myopic Maculopathy

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated choroidal thickness (CT) and scleral thickness (ST) in highly myopic eyes and their associations with ocular factors. Patients underwent widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the CT and ST at the subfovea and 3000 μm superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal to the fovea and macular curvature. A total of 237 eyes (154 patients) were included. At all five measurement points, thinner CTs and STs were associated with longer axial lengths (r = − 0.548 to − 0.357, all P < 0.001) and greater macular curvatures (r = − 0.542 to − 0.305, all P < 0.001). The CT and ST were significantly thinner in eyes with posterior staphyloma than in those without at all measurement points (all P ≤ 0.006) but did not differ between eyes with the wide macular and narrow macular type of staphyloma. Eyes with myopic maculopathy of category ≥ 3 according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia classification had significantly thinner CTs and STs than those with category ≤ 2 (all P ≤ 0.005). In highly myopic eyes, a decrease in the CT and ST was more pronounced in eyes with more structural changes, such as longer axial length, steeper macular curvature, and the presence of posterior staphyloma.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer in Men: Clinical and Pathological Analysis of 817 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832090810
Author(s):  
Fernanda Servidoni Spreafico ◽  
Cassio Cardoso-Filho ◽  
Cesar Cabello ◽  
Luis Otávio Sarian ◽  
Luiz Carlos Zeferino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breast Cancer In Men

The objective of the current study was to describe breast cancer cases in men according to age, stage, and histology, calculating risks compared to women. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study of all breast cancer cases of the Hospital Cancer Registry of São Paulo state, Brazil, 2000–2015. Variables were age, sex, stage, and histology. Absolute numbers and proportions, Mann–Whitney test and prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval were used. The study included 93,737 cases, of which 817 were males. The mean age at diagnosis was 60.3 years in men and 56.2 years in women ( p < .001). Stage II was the most common in both sexes (33.9% in men and 36.5% in women). Men had a higher frequency of stage III than women (PR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.37). Stage 0 was significantly more common in women (PR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51–0.94). Ductal carcinoma and its variants were the most common histological types in both sexes (88.7% in men and 89.0% in women). Men had a higher frequency of rarer histological types such as papillary (PR 2.17, 95% CI 1.36–3.44) and sarcomas (PR 4.10, 95% CI 1.86–9.01). In conclusion, in men, breast cancer diagnosis occurred in more advanced ages and stages. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the primary histological type observed, although rarer types were more frequent.

scholarly journals Scientific production indicators and researchers training in the Brazilian Collective Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanilde Pereira Santos ◽  
Tatiana Fróes Fernandes ◽  
Marise Fagundes Silveira ◽  
Francisco Marcone Veríssimo ◽  
Rafael Amâncio de Oliveira Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Gender Characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the scientific production, generation of patents and researchers training among Brazilian Collective Health professors who were awarded a Pq/CNPq productivity scholarship from 2000 to 2012 and to verify the existence of an association between these production modalities and the characteristics of the professors, such as gender, training and origin. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from 2000 to 2012, and the Prevalence Ratio was calculated using Poisson regression. For the statistical analyzes, the SPSS® program was used. Results: Of particular note are regional and institutional concentration, consistent scientific output, important researchers training, and a primordial but still timid generation of patents. We found an association between the "scientific production", "researchers training" outcomes, and the gender characteristics, such as the formation and origin of the Pq professor. Conclusion: These findings can guide the decision-making aimed at the deconcentration of scientific production and researchers training in the Brazilian Collective Health.

Associations between functional capacity, isokinetic leg strength, sleep quality and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Aristotelous ◽  
Manos Stefanakis ◽  
Marios Pantzaris ◽  
Constantinos Pattichis ◽  
Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Coverage of and compliance to iron supplementation under the National Iron Plus Initiative among reproductive age-group women in urban Puducherry – a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendran Gayathri ◽  
Sakthivel Manikandanesan ◽  
Jayaseelan Venkatachalam ◽  
Sarveswaran Gokul ◽  
Arivarasan Yashodha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Anaemia is a global health problem and an important cause of morbidity in all age groups, especially among women and children. Various programmes have been implemented to combat anaemia in India and National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) is the latest programme to be implemented. Aim To ascertain the proportion of reproductive age women receiving iron supplementation under the NIPI and assess the compliance and factors hindering the implementation and compliance of the programme. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) during November 2017. The participants were interviewed at their household using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic details, whether they were receiving iron supplements and compliance to the programme. Results Out of 302 study participants, only 138 (45.7%) were found to be receiving the supplements under the NIPI. The major source of iron supplementation was various health facilities (69.4%). Of those not receiving the tablets, 96.3% were non-pregnant non-lactating women. The proportion of study participants receiving iron supplementation through house visits by auxiliary nurse mid-wives (ANMs) was only 1.45%. Of the 138 women receiving supplementation, 85 (61%) were compliant with their medication. Compliance also tended to be higher among pregnant and lactating women. The most important reasons for non-compliance were adverse effects and forgetfulness. The presence of regular house visits by ANMs had a significant association with reception of tablets [prevalence ratio (PR)–1.43]. Pregnant women had a significant association with both reception (PR–2.19) and compliance (PR–1.8) with iron supplementation. Conclusion The current NIPI programme needs to be regularly evaluated to ensure its effective implementation. Importance should be given to non-pregnant non-lactating women to increase coverage among them.

scholarly journals Use of public transport associated with colds in the capital of Peru: A cross-sectional study

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. e8486-e8486
Author(s):  
Louigi S. Sachun-Silva ◽  
Christian R. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction Confined and crowded environments, such as public transport, can act as hot spots for spreading infectious diseases. Of these, common acute respiratory infections of easy contagion are of great interest. Objectives To establish the association between the use of ground public transport and the acquisition of common cold in Lima, Peru. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study. It was carried out through secondary data analysis from a primary study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of the Ricardo Palma University in Lima, Peru. The dependent variable was the acquisition of common colds, and the independent variable was the use of public transportation (bus, metropolitan, bus corridor, collective cab, non-collective cab, and other means). The covariates of interests were age, sex, and socioeconomic level time and frequency of exposure. Generalized linear models were performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), using the Poisson family, log link and robust models. Results Of the 591 respondents, 53% were female, the median age was 20 years, and 90.3% belonged to the middle class. Most traveled by bus (72.4%), and in the last three months the median number of colds was one. We found a difference in the number of colds according to the age of the respondents (P = 0.019). Having a common cold was associated with traveling more days per week in public transport (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.05; p value < 0.001), spending more minutes per day traveling to work (1.0025; 1.0023 to 1.0027; p value < 0.001), more minutes per day returning home (1.0022; 1.0015 to 1.0030; p value < 0.001), more use of the subway or metro (1.37; 1.29 to 1.46; p value < 0.001), or using the municipal bus corridor (1.22; 1.01 to 1.47; p value = 0.036). Conclusions The use of public ground transportation is associated with the acquisition of the common cold. Confined spaces and poor ventilation are essential factors to consider.

scholarly journals Microfracture Arthroscopy Efficacy In Treatment Of Articular Cartilage Insult Of Knee

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baqir Alshara
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

Background: The treatment of articular cartilage defects is one of the most clinical challeng for orthopedic surgeons. Articular cartilage is a highly organized tissue with complex biomechanical properties and substantial durability. However, it has a poor ability for healing, and damage from trauma or degeneration can result in morbidity and functional impairment. debilitating joint pain, dysfunction, and degenerative arthritis                                                                           Objectives: The purpose of study is to show effectiveness of micro fracture arthroscopy as a method of treatment for such problem . Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.                     Methods: Arthroscopic surgery was done to 52 patients who complain of knee pain limping and show clinical or radiological evidence of cartilaginous injury and we used arthroscopic micro fracture technique for those patient who have injury of no more than4cm2 then we instruct patient to not put any weight over knee  for 2-3 months and followed clinically according to Lyshlom scor and by MRI and some of them by second look arthroscopy to assess the healing. Results: Fifty two patients under go micro fracture arthroscopy . Thirty four patients (65.4%) reported good or excellent subjective results  , thirteen patients (25%) had fair knee function, and only five patients  (9.6%) reported poor result Conclusions: Micro fracture arthroscopy is a   cheap effective method for repairing cartilaginous lesion .                                            

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