RELEVANCE OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER IN MEN

Breast cancer in men is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all malignant breast tumors in men and from 0.6% to 1% of all malignant breast tumors. The incidence of breast cancer in men increases with age for unknown reasons: the average age of men at the time of diagnosis is 67 years, compared with women, whose similar indicator is 57 years. Despite advances in the diagnostics and treatment of breast cancer in women, understanding and strategy for the treatment of breast cancer in men are limited and generally extrapolated from existing knowledge about breast cancer in women. In particular, the molecular subtypes of breast cancer in men have not been studied, although these subtypes have been associated with both biological and clinical features of breast cancer in women. It has been proven that molecular subtypes have an important prognostic value in breast cancer in women. Molecular assessment of tumors plays a significant role in the 22 prescriptions of adjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore the role of genetic testing increases.

A case report of male breast cancer in a 14-year-old patient

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies. This malignancy can originate from the epithelium of the ducts or lobules of the breast. Although rare, breast cancer can also be found in men. The incidence of breast cancer in men is <1% of the total breast cancer and it is estimated that 1 in 100.00 men worldwide is diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer in pediatric patients is rare. Incidence of breast cancer in pediatric is estimated to be 0.2-0.8/100.000 for females with less than 20 years old. In this case report is a 14-years-old male with ten years history of a mass in his right breast. At first the mass was said to be as small as a marble, then since last year the mass have grown bigger. Biopsy and histopathology examination were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The result of histopathology examination was ductal invasive carcinoma. The patient and family refused to undergo chemotherapy. The incidence of breast cancer in pediatric is rare, and it has high mortality rate in pediatric patient.

Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk in Men: A National Case-Control Study in England and Wales

Background Breast cancer is rare in men, and information on its causes is very limited, from studies that have generally been small. Adult obesity has been shown as a risk factor but more detailed anthropometric relations have not been investigated. Methods We conducted an interview population-based case-control study of breast cancer in men in England and Wales including 1,998 cases incident during 2005–2017 at ages under 80 years and 1,597 male controls, with questions asked about a range of anthropometric variables at several ages. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. Results Risk of breast cancer statistically significantly increased with increasing body mass index (BMI) at ages 20 (odds ratio [OR]=1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.12 per 2-unit change in BMI), 40 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.16), and 60 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.19) years but there was also an indication of raised risk for the lowest BMIs. Large waist circumference 5 years before interview was more strongly associated than was BMI with risk, and each showed independent associations. Associations were similar for invasive and in situ tumors separately and stronger for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive than HER2-negativetumors. Ninety-nine percent of tumors were estrogen receptor-positive. Conclusions Obesity at all adult ages, particularly recent abdominal obesity, is associated with raised risk of breast cancer in men, probably because of conversion of testosterone to estrogens by aromatase in adipose tissue. The association is particularly strong for HER2-expressingtumors.

Lupus mastitis in men

To analyze the pathophysiological aspects of lupus mastitis (LM), clinical presentation, epidemiology, radiological and histological findings, and treatment, to disseminate it to the academic community and draw attention to this pathology as one of the differential diagnoses in the management of breast lesions in males, especially in the case of breast cancer in men. A literature review was done by searching scientific studies in the PubMed / Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant scientifically validated studies related to lupus mastitis in men were selected. The analysis, review and selection of articles carried out in pairs, blindly and separately, based on the reading of the title and abstract, with a third reviewer in case of disagreement. The LM should be suspect in patients known to have lupus erythematosus who present painful breast nodules associated with skin changes. However, LM can be the initial manifestation of lupus and mimic, both clinically and imaging, malignant neoplasms. The histopathological diagnostic criteria are well-established, finding mainly hyaline fat necrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Treatment must be drug-based as invasive procedures can exacerbate the injury. Due to physiological and anatomical aspects, this condition can appear and evolve differently in men. The knowledge of this pathology is necessary to carry out the correct approach since the non-identification of the disease and its erroneous management can lead to complications and irreversible sequelae to the patient.

Bilateral breast cancer in a 65-year-old man

Globally, breast cancer in men is exceedingly uncommon. The misinterpretation of signs and symptoms and lack of a proper medical history can lead to the progression of rare conditions to advanced stages. We report the case of a 65-year-old man who presented to the clinic complaining about progressive bilateral dull breast pain. He had been diagnosed with bilateral grade II invasive ductal carcinoma three months prior, and he underwent bilateral mastectomy followed by chemotherapy as a part of his treatment plan.