scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Outcome, and Outcome-related Factors in Adult Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Liang ◽  
Danyi Xu ◽  
Chuanyin Sun ◽  
Weiqian Chen ◽  
Heng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To clarify the prevalence, risk factors, outcome, and outcome-related factors of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), or clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM).Methods.Data of patients with DM, PM, or CADM who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from February 2011 to February 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patients diagnosed with HLH constituted the case group. A 1:4 case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for HLH in patients with DM, PM, or CADM through comparison, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Intragroup comparison was made among patients with HLH to identify factors influencing unfavorable short-term outcome.Results.HLH was a rare (4.2%) but fatal (77.8%) complication in patients with DM, PM, or CADM. The retrospective case-control study revealed that higher on-admission disease activity (p = 0.008), acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD, p = 0.002), and infection (p = 0.002) were risk factors for complication of HLH in patients with DM, PM, or CADM. The following intragroup comparison showed that higher on-admission disease activity (p = 0.035) and diagnosis of CADM (p = 0.039) might influence the short-term outcome of patients with HLH. However, no risk factor was identified after false discovery rate correction.Conclusion.In this study, secondary HLH was a fatal complication, with higher on-admission disease activity, AE-ILD, and infection working as risk factors. The underlying role of infection and autoimmune abnormality in HLH in connective tissue disease was subsequently noted. Clinical factors influencing the short-term outcome of patients with secondary HLH require further study.

Falling population incidence of eclampsia; A case-control study of short term outcome

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynir T Geirsson ◽  
Reynir Arngrimsson ◽  
Ellen Apalset ◽  
Atli Einarsson ◽  
Gunnlaugur Snædal
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Population Incidence ◽  
Control Study

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes of Full-Term Low Birth Weight Infants Born at a Tertiary Academic Center: A Prospective Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi K. Al-Wassia ◽  
Shahd K. Baarimah ◽  
Asmaa H. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Manal O. Alsulami ◽  
Ragad S. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Control Study

Objective Low birth weight (LBW) infants (<2,500 g) continued to be a global health problem because of the associated short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of term LBW infants Study Design A prospective and case–control study. All infants born consecutively from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019 were included. Cases, term LBW infants, were 1:1 matched to controls, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term infants. Major congenital or chromosomal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Results The prevalence of term LBW in the studied period was 4.8%. Mothers of term LBW infants had significantly lower body mass index (p = 0.05), gained less weight (p = 0.01), had a history of previous LBW (p = 0.01), and lower monthly income (p = 0.04) compared with mothers of term AGA infants even after adjustment for confounders. A nonsignificant higher number of term LBW infants needed NICU admission, while their need for phototherapy was deemed significant. Conclusion We identified nutritional and socioeconomic maternal factors that are significantly associated with LBW infants and should be targeted during antenatal visits to improve neonatal outcomes. Key Points

scholarly journals Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi Duc Tran ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Hung Manh Do ◽  
Thanh Tien Hoang ◽  
Hang Thi Hai Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The risk factors for scrub typhus in Vietnam remain unknown. Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness and remains under appreciated due to the limited availability of diagnostic tests. This tropical rickettsial illness is increasingly recognized as an important cause of non-malaria acute undifferentiated fever in Asia. This study aimed to investigate behavioural and ecological related risk factors of scrub typhus to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a clinical hospital-based active surveillance study, and a retrospective residence-enrolment date-age-matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, from August 2018 to March 2020. Clinical examinations, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM tests were applied to define cases and controls. All enrolled participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic socio-economic status, personal behaviors/protective equipment, habitat connections, land use, and possible exposure to the vector. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to define the scrub typhus associated risk factors. Results We identified 44 confirmed cases and matched them with 152 controls. Among cases and controls, the largest age group was the 41–50 years old and males accounted for 61.4% and 42.8%, respectively. There were similarities in demographic characteristics between the two groups, with the exception of occupation. Several factors were significantly associated with acquisition of scrub typhus, including sitting/laying directly on household floor [adjusted OR (aOR) = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6–15.1, P = 0.006], household with poor sanitation/conditions (aOR = 7.9, 95% CI: 1.9–32.9, P = 0.005), workplace environment with risk (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.6, P = 0.020), always observing mice around home (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4–9.9, P = 0.008), and use of personal protective equipment in the field (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1–1.1, P = 0.076). Conclusions Ecological and household hygiene-related factors were more associated with scrub typhus infection, than individual-level exposure activities in the hyper-endemic area. These findings support local education and allow people to protect themselves from scrub typhus, especially in areas with limitations in diagnostic capacity. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Risk Factors Influencing HIV Infection Incidence in a Rural African Population: A Nested Case‐Control Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Heiner Grosskurth ◽  
John Changalucha ◽  
Angela Obasi ◽  
Frank Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
African Population ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinja Alexandra Ernst ◽  
Tilman Brand ◽  
Anna Reeske ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Knud Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Antenatal Detection ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To identify care-related and maternal risk factors for the antenatal nondetection of IUGR.Methods. In this hospital-based case-control study we compared antenatally undetected IUGR neonates (cases) to detected IUGR neonates (controls). Data were collected using newborn documentation sheets and standardized personal interviews with the mothers. We calculated antenatal detection rates and used uni- and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of antenatal nondetection of IUGR and maternal and care-related factors.Results. A total of 161 neonates from three hospitals were included in the study. Suboptimal fetal growth was identified antenatally inn=77pregnancies while inn=84it was not detected antenatally (antenatal detection rate: 47.8%). Severity of IUGR, maternal complications, and a Doppler examination during the course of pregnancy were associated with IUGR detection. We did not find statistically significant differences regarding parental socioeconomic status and maternal migration background.Conclusions. In our study, about half of all pregnancies affected by suboptimal growth remained undetected. Future in-depth studies with larger study populations should further examine factors that could increase antenatal detection rates for IUGR.

scholarly journals Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleuritis in finishing pigs: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Hälli ◽  
Minna Haimi-Hakala ◽  
Claudio Oliviero ◽  
Mari Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chronic pleuritis is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleuritis has been increasing during the last decade also in Finland. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to search for environmental, infectious and management-related herd-level risk factors for pleuritis in the slaughterhouse. Altogether 46 Finnish pig herds, including 25 control (low pleuritis prevalence in meat inspection) and 21 case (high pleuritis) herds, were enrolled in the study and visited during the tenth week of the rearing period of finishing pigs. Herd personnel were asked about basic herd information, management and environmental factors. Selected pigs were examined clinically, environmental parameters were measured and 15 blood samples per herd were taken during herd visits. Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 2 (APP2) and ApxIV toxin and swine influenza virus were measured. After the slaughter of study pigs, meat inspection results of the batch were gathered from slaughterhouses. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify possible risk factors for a herd to be a case herd ( i.e. having high pleuritis values).Results Finishing herd type, herd size and APP2 seropositivity were observed to act as risk factors. In addition to these, general herd-level factors, flank biting and high APP2 antibody prevalence of the herd tended to be associated with the risk of the herd being a case herd. None of the other clinical signs of pigs, management-related factors or environmental measurements were associated with herd status.Conclusions As previously known, in endemic and subclinical infections such as APP, herd and management-related factors are important in building up infection pressure, but single risk factors seem to be difficult to identify. However, as flank biting was more common in high pleuritis herds, part of disease susceptibility is likely mediated via stress.

scholarly journals Staffing and Patient-related Factors Affecting in-patient Fall-related Injury in a Psychiatric Hospital: A 5-year Retrospective Matched Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acharaporn Seeherunwong ◽  
Chanya Thunyadee ◽  
Wipa Vanichakit ◽  
Pavinee thanabodeethumacharee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Incidence of fall-related injury of psychiatric in-patients was more frequent and the severity greater than in general units. Also, the risk factors were different and more complicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the staffing factors and patient-related factors that increase the likelihood of fall-related injury among psychiatric in-patients. Methods: A five-year retrospective matched case-control study was used to select cases of in-patient fall which were reported to the hospital risk management system. The total sample consisted of 240 patients. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Of the eighty fall-related injuries, 86.3% resulted in temporary harm and required intervention. The multivariate model showed that the three strongest predictors were having an acute psychotic condition (adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR)=5.40; 95%CI 4.22-6.90; p< 0.001), proportion of nurse staffing equal to nurse assistants (aOR=5.52; 95%CI 2.64-11.55; p<0.001), and taking atypical antipsychotic drug (aOR=3.92; 95%CI 3.22-4.76; p<0.001). In addition, the following factors all increased the risk of fall-related injury significantly: using more than four drugs, having a medical illness, having comorbid psychiatric disorder, taking lithium, anti-Parkinson, benzodiazepine, and anti-convulsant drugs. Regarding staffing factors, patient numbers in the unit of 25-50, and ≥ 51, also significantly increased risk for fall than having patient numbers of 25 or fewer. Nurse to patient ratios of 1:16-30, and 1: 31-45 significantly increased the fall risk compared to ratios of 1: 1-15. Conclusions: The risk factors found are expected to be of use for assessing fall risk and managing staff workload in psychiatric units.

scholarly journals Labor Induction And The Incidence of Intrapartum Maternal Fever In Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Yiting Li ◽  
Zhongya Gu ◽  
Duan Manlin
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Labor Induction ◽  
Labor Analgesia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: To assess the influence of labor induction on the intrapartum maternal fever in epidural labor analgesia and to determine its association with intrapartum fever.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed during 2016–2018 in a first-class tertiary hospital. All patients who received epidural labor analgesia were allocated into either case (parturients who received labor induction and had intrapartum fever) or control (parturients who did not receive labor induction but had intrapartum fever) groups. Maternal demographic and intrapartum data, epidural infusions records, and neonatal short-term outcome were studied.Results: A total of 710 epidural labor analgesia occurred during the study period and 119 (16.76%) women had intrapartum fever. Intrapartum fever occurred in 66 (25.68%) women who received labor induction and in 53 (11.70%) who did not. After correction for confounding factors, labor induction (OR 2.818, 95% CI, 1.778–4.467, P<0.001), number of vaginal examinations (OR 1.242, 95% CI, 1.048–1.471, P=0.012), baseline maternal temperature (OR 6.702, 95% CI, 2.065–21.755, P=0.002), admission white blood cell count (OR 1.171, 95% CI, 1.052–1.303, P=0.004), and neonatal birth weight (OR 3.015, 95% CI, 1.739–5.227, P<0.001) were risk factors for intrapartum maternal fever during epidural labor analgesia.Conclusion: Labor induction was significantly associated with an increased risk of intrapartum maternal fever during epidural labor analgesia.

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