scholarly journals Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleuritis in finishing pigs: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Hälli ◽  
Minna Haimi-Hakala ◽  
Claudio Oliviero ◽  
Mari Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chronic pleuritis is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleuritis has been increasing during the last decade also in Finland. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to search for environmental, infectious and management-related herd-level risk factors for pleuritis in the slaughterhouse. Altogether 46 Finnish pig herds, including 25 control (low pleuritis prevalence in meat inspection) and 21 case (high pleuritis) herds, were enrolled in the study and visited during the tenth week of the rearing period of finishing pigs. Herd personnel were asked about basic herd information, management and environmental factors. Selected pigs were examined clinically, environmental parameters were measured and 15 blood samples per herd were taken during herd visits. Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 2 (APP2) and ApxIV toxin and swine influenza virus were measured. After the slaughter of study pigs, meat inspection results of the batch were gathered from slaughterhouses. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify possible risk factors for a herd to be a case herd ( i.e. having high pleuritis values).Results Finishing herd type, herd size and APP2 seropositivity were observed to act as risk factors. In addition to these, general herd-level factors, flank biting and high APP2 antibody prevalence of the herd tended to be associated with the risk of the herd being a case herd. None of the other clinical signs of pigs, management-related factors or environmental measurements were associated with herd status.Conclusions As previously known, in endemic and subclinical infections such as APP, herd and management-related factors are important in building up infection pressure, but single risk factors seem to be difficult to identify. However, as flank biting was more common in high pleuritis herds, part of disease susceptibility is likely mediated via stress.

scholarly journals Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleurisy in finishing pigs: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Hälli ◽  
Minna Haimi-Hakala ◽  
Claudio Oliviero ◽  
Mari Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Chronic pleurisy is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleurisy has been increasing during the last decade also in Finland. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to search for environmental, infectious and management-related herd-level risk factors for pleurisy in the slaughterhouse. Altogether 46 Finnish pig herds, including 25 control (low pleurisy prevalence in meat inspection) and 21 case (high pleurisy) herds, were enrolled in the study and visited during the tenth week of the rearing period of finishing pigs. Herd personnel were asked about basic herd information, management and environmental factors. Selected pigs were examined clinically, environmental parameters were measured and 15 blood samples per herd were taken during herd visits. Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia serotype 2 (APP2) and ApxIV toxin and swine influenza virus were measured. After the slaughter of study pigs, meat inspection results of the batch were gathered from slaughterhouses. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to identify possible risk factors for a herd to be a case herd (i.e. having high pleurisy values). Results Finishing herd type and herd size were observed to act as risk factors. None of clinical signs of pigs, management-related factors or environmental measurements were associated with herd status. Conclusions As previously known, in endemic and subclinical infections such as APP, herd factors are important, but detailed risk factors seem to be difficult to identify.

scholarly journals Herd-level risk factors for chronic pleurisy in finishing pigs: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Hälli ◽  
Minna Haimi-Hakala ◽  
Claudio Oliviero ◽  
Mari Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Outcome, and Outcome-related Factors in Adult Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Liang ◽  
Danyi Xu ◽  
Chuanyin Sun ◽  
Weiqian Chen ◽  
Heng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To clarify the prevalence, risk factors, outcome, and outcome-related factors of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in patients with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), or clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM).Methods.Data of patients with DM, PM, or CADM who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from February 2011 to February 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patients diagnosed with HLH constituted the case group. A 1:4 case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for HLH in patients with DM, PM, or CADM through comparison, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Intragroup comparison was made among patients with HLH to identify factors influencing unfavorable short-term outcome.Results.HLH was a rare (4.2%) but fatal (77.8%) complication in patients with DM, PM, or CADM. The retrospective case-control study revealed that higher on-admission disease activity (p = 0.008), acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD, p = 0.002), and infection (p = 0.002) were risk factors for complication of HLH in patients with DM, PM, or CADM. The following intragroup comparison showed that higher on-admission disease activity (p = 0.035) and diagnosis of CADM (p = 0.039) might influence the short-term outcome of patients with HLH. However, no risk factor was identified after false discovery rate correction.Conclusion.In this study, secondary HLH was a fatal complication, with higher on-admission disease activity, AE-ILD, and infection working as risk factors. The underlying role of infection and autoimmune abnormality in HLH in connective tissue disease was subsequently noted. Clinical factors influencing the short-term outcome of patients with secondary HLH require further study.

scholarly journals Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi Duc Tran ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Hung Manh Do ◽  
Thanh Tien Hoang ◽  
Hang Thi Hai Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The risk factors for scrub typhus in Vietnam remain unknown. Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness and remains under appreciated due to the limited availability of diagnostic tests. This tropical rickettsial illness is increasingly recognized as an important cause of non-malaria acute undifferentiated fever in Asia. This study aimed to investigate behavioural and ecological related risk factors of scrub typhus to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a clinical hospital-based active surveillance study, and a retrospective residence-enrolment date-age-matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, from August 2018 to March 2020. Clinical examinations, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM tests were applied to define cases and controls. All enrolled participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic socio-economic status, personal behaviors/protective equipment, habitat connections, land use, and possible exposure to the vector. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to define the scrub typhus associated risk factors. Results We identified 44 confirmed cases and matched them with 152 controls. Among cases and controls, the largest age group was the 41–50 years old and males accounted for 61.4% and 42.8%, respectively. There were similarities in demographic characteristics between the two groups, with the exception of occupation. Several factors were significantly associated with acquisition of scrub typhus, including sitting/laying directly on household floor [adjusted OR (aOR) = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6–15.1, P = 0.006], household with poor sanitation/conditions (aOR = 7.9, 95% CI: 1.9–32.9, P = 0.005), workplace environment with risk (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.6, P = 0.020), always observing mice around home (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4–9.9, P = 0.008), and use of personal protective equipment in the field (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1–1.1, P = 0.076). Conclusions Ecological and household hygiene-related factors were more associated with scrub typhus infection, than individual-level exposure activities in the hyper-endemic area. These findings support local education and allow people to protect themselves from scrub typhus, especially in areas with limitations in diagnostic capacity. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinja Alexandra Ernst ◽  
Tilman Brand ◽  
Anna Reeske ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Knud Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Antenatal Detection ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To identify care-related and maternal risk factors for the antenatal nondetection of IUGR.Methods. In this hospital-based case-control study we compared antenatally undetected IUGR neonates (cases) to detected IUGR neonates (controls). Data were collected using newborn documentation sheets and standardized personal interviews with the mothers. We calculated antenatal detection rates and used uni- and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of antenatal nondetection of IUGR and maternal and care-related factors.Results. A total of 161 neonates from three hospitals were included in the study. Suboptimal fetal growth was identified antenatally inn=77pregnancies while inn=84it was not detected antenatally (antenatal detection rate: 47.8%). Severity of IUGR, maternal complications, and a Doppler examination during the course of pregnancy were associated with IUGR detection. We did not find statistically significant differences regarding parental socioeconomic status and maternal migration background.Conclusions. In our study, about half of all pregnancies affected by suboptimal growth remained undetected. Future in-depth studies with larger study populations should further examine factors that could increase antenatal detection rates for IUGR.

Case-control study to determine herd-level risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in nursing beef calves on cow-calf operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 252 (8) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Woolums ◽  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
Russell F. Daly ◽  
Gerald L. Stokka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Staffing and Patient-related Factors Affecting in-patient Fall-related Injury in a Psychiatric Hospital: A 5-year Retrospective Matched Case-control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acharaporn Seeherunwong ◽  
Chanya Thunyadee ◽  
Wipa Vanichakit ◽  
Pavinee thanabodeethumacharee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Incidence of fall-related injury of psychiatric in-patients was more frequent and the severity greater than in general units. Also, the risk factors were different and more complicated. The aim of this study was to investigate the staffing factors and patient-related factors that increase the likelihood of fall-related injury among psychiatric in-patients. Methods: A five-year retrospective matched case-control study was used to select cases of in-patient fall which were reported to the hospital risk management system. The total sample consisted of 240 patients. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Of the eighty fall-related injuries, 86.3% resulted in temporary harm and required intervention. The multivariate model showed that the three strongest predictors were having an acute psychotic condition (adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR)=5.40; 95%CI 4.22-6.90; p< 0.001), proportion of nurse staffing equal to nurse assistants (aOR=5.52; 95%CI 2.64-11.55; p<0.001), and taking atypical antipsychotic drug (aOR=3.92; 95%CI 3.22-4.76; p<0.001). In addition, the following factors all increased the risk of fall-related injury significantly: using more than four drugs, having a medical illness, having comorbid psychiatric disorder, taking lithium, anti-Parkinson, benzodiazepine, and anti-convulsant drugs. Regarding staffing factors, patient numbers in the unit of 25-50, and ≥ 51, also significantly increased risk for fall than having patient numbers of 25 or fewer. Nurse to patient ratios of 1:16-30, and 1: 31-45 significantly increased the fall risk compared to ratios of 1: 1-15. Conclusions: The risk factors found are expected to be of use for assessing fall risk and managing staff workload in psychiatric units.

scholarly journals A case-control study to identify risk factors for acute salmonellosis in New Zealand dairy herds, 2011–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2154-2164
Author(s):  
M. A. STEVENSON ◽  
P. L. MORGAN ◽  
J. SANHUEZA ◽  
G. E. OAKLEY ◽  
R. S. BATEMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn late 2011 the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries reported an increase in confirmed laboratory diagnoses of salmonellosis in dairy herds. To identify risk factors for herd-level outbreaks of salmonellosis we conducted a case-control study of New Zealand dairy herds in 2011–2012. In a multivariable analysis, use of continuous feed troughs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·0–20], use of pelletized magnesium supplements (aOR 10, 95% CI 3·3–33) and use of palm kernel meal as a supplementary feed (aOR 8·7, 95% CI 2·5–30) were positively associated with a herd-level outbreak of salmonellosis between 1 July 2011 and 31 January 2012. We conclude that supplementary feeds used on dairy farms (regardless of type) need to be stored and handled appropriately to reduce the likelihood of bacterial contamination, particularly from birds and rodents. Magnesium supplementation in the pelletized form played a role in triggering outbreaks of acute salmonellosis in New Zealand dairy herds in 2011–2012.

scholarly journals Major risk factors and histopathological profile of treatment failure, relapse and chronic patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: A prospective case-control study on treatment outcome and their medical importance

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0009089
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bamorovat ◽  
Iraj Sharifi ◽  
Shahriar Dabiri ◽  
Simin Shamsi Meymandi ◽  
Ali Karamoozian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Control Study

Over the last years, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of unresponsive patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) reported worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to explore the role of demographic, clinical and environmental risk related-factors in the development of treatment failure, relapse and chronic cases compared to responsive patients with ACL. Moreover, molecular, histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings between these forms were explored. This work was undertaken as a prospective and case-control study in southeastern Iran. Culture media and nested PCR were used to identify the causative agent. Univariate multinomial and multiple multinomial logistic regression models and the backward elimination stepwise method were applied to analyze the data. A P<0.05 was defined as significant. Also, for different groups, skin punch biopsies were used to study the histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) profile. All samples showed that L. tropica was the only etiological agent in all unresponsive and responsive patients with ACL. Data analysis represented that 8 major risk factors including nationality, age groups, occupation, marital status, history of chronic diseases, duration of the lesion, the lesion on face and presence of domestic animals in the house were significantly associated with the induction of unresponsive forms. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were different from one form to another. The present findings clearly demonstrated a positive relation between ACL and distinct demographic, clinical and environmental risk determinants. Knowledge of the main risk factors for ACL infection is crucial in improving clinical and public health strategies and monitor such perplexing factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document