A narrative review of the risk factors and psychological consequences of injury in horseracing stable staff

Horseracing stable staff have a multifaceted role, acting as care givers, skilled athletes and equine experts, resulting in inherent high emotional, physical and mental demands. Despite these demands, and reports of significant injury risk to those working in racing at ground level, there has been no research investigating the psychological risk factors for injury in UK racing stable staff and how psychological responses to injury may affect long term mental health and wellbeing. With mental health at the forefront of industry consideration, this narrative review aimed to reflect on the current literature to propose occupational, life and social stressors that may be increasing the risk of injury in racing staff. In addition, this review aims to apply current injury theory to propose whether stable staff are at heightened risk of injury mismanagement. A literature search was undertaken to investigate the psychological aspects of injury, using five search engines and the following key words: injury, psychological responses, occupational, sport and/or athlete, equestrian, horseracing, jockey, risk of injury, rehabilitation, and injury minimisalisation. Articles were selected based on relevance to review aims, and research findings were synthesised under two primary areas: predictors of injury (working hours, job security, job control, life stressors, mental health and drug misuse) and responses to injury (positive and negative responses to injury, the role of social support, rehabilitation adherence, and injury minimalisation). Whilst there are limitations to narrative reviews, this study provides a novel interpretation of injury risk and responses specific to staff working in horseracing, where injury-related challenges are currently a key focus for sector employees, managerial staff and racing organisations. Recommendations for further research have been made to direct the advancement of knowledge in the field.

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LESSONS FROM THE FIRST COVID WAVE AND STRAIN - A STUDY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN THE PANDEMIC - FACTORS ASSOCIATED AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

10.36106/ijsr/8401080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Ojas Unavane ◽

Karishma Rupani ◽

Kajal Makwana ◽

Shilpa Adarkar ◽

Upali Anand

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Past History ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Working Hours ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Factors Associated

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people worldwide. Desperate times (SARS COV-2 being a novel virus) called in for desperate measures in that right from its containment strategies to failed treatment trials have had various ramications affecting various spheres of our lives. It has already been established that the pandemic has taken a toll on mental health, cutting across all strata of society. However, apart from the pandemic in it itself as a causative factor, there are various other factors contributing to the increase in the mental health burden; some of which are modiable. An in-depth understanding of these modiable risk factors is the need of the hour, so that policies and guidelines can be framed accordingly to salvage what can be; of the mental health of the population at large. Understanding these modiable risk factors are lessons learned which will help us mitigate the mental health morbidity during the subsequent waves of the Pandemic. Aim: To study the prevalence and factors associated with the psychiatric morbidity in the general population during the COVID - 19 pandemic. Methods: The data was collected by snowball sampling using an online form to collect the demographic and clinical variables with the DASS - 21 scale appended. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety was found to be 25.3 % and 26.2 % respectively. The signicant factors associated with psychiatric morbidity ranged across the psychological biological and social domains, some non-modiable whilst others modiable risk factors. The modiable factors identied were substance use, past history of psychiatric illness, chronic physical illness, increased screen time use, watching news (online) about the pandemic, working hours, disruption of a daily routine and a change in the lifestyle of people

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Internet Survey of Risk Factors Associated With Training and Competition in Dogs Competing in Agility Competitions

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.791617 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Arielle Pechette Markley ◽

Abigail B. Shoben ◽

Nina R. Kieves

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Severe Injury ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Training Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Jump Training ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Competition Level ◽

History Of

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with training and competition in relation to frequency and severity of injuries experienced by agility dogs.Procedures: An internet-based survey collected data on competition level variables and training level variables. The primary outcome was history of any injury and a secondary outcome considered history of severe injury (injury lasting > 3 months). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations and final models were obtained via backward selection to identify the strongest associations within variables.Results: There were 4,197 dogs included in this analysis. Injury was reported for 1,737 (41.4%) dogs and severe injury was reported for 629 (15.0%). In the model with competition level factors, jumping 4” (OR: 1.50) or 2–4” (OR: 1.31) over shoulder height compared to jumping 0–2” lower and competing at national events was associated with increased injury risk, while competing 6+ times on rubber matting was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.62). Training level variables associated with injury risk were age starting jump, teeter, and weave training, with the highest risk observed for dogs starting jump training between 3 and 18 months but starting weave and teeter training after 18 months of age.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Many variables thought to be associated with injury risk were not significant in the final model. Starting jump training at an earlier age was associated with greater risk of injury relative to starting after 18 months. It is possible that the high impact of jump training before skeletal maturity may increase the risk of injuries or musculoskeletal conditions. The increased risk of injury in dogs that jump 2–4, or 4+ inches higher than shoulder height may be due to increased biomechanical forces during takeoff and landing. Faster dogs may be at higher risk of injury; handlers planning competition around big events or competing at the national level are likely to have faster dogs, and may be less likely to compete on rubber matting. These data provide valuable current insight into the possible effects that training and competition variables may have on injury risk in agility dogs.

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Resilience, mental health and urban migrants: a narrative review

International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care ◽

10.1108/ijmhsc-04-2019-0048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 137-159

Author(s):

Jonathan Coope ◽

Andy Barrett ◽

Brian Brown ◽

Mark Crossley ◽

Raghu Raghavan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Content Type ◽

Internal Migrant ◽

Urban Migrants ◽

Internal Migrants ◽

The Individual ◽

Migrant Mental Health

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the literature on mental health resilience and other positive mental health capacities of urban and internal migrants. Design/methodology/approach The methodology for this narrative review included a search of articles published up to 2017. The abstracts were screened and relevant articles studied and discussed. Literature on the particular mental health challenges of urban migrants in India was also studied. References found in the literature relating to neurourbanism were also followed up to explore broader historical and conceptual contexts. Findings Several key sources and resources for mental health resilience were identified – including familial and community networks and individual hope or optimism. Nevertheless, much of the literature tends to focus at the level of the individual person, even though ecological systems theory would suggest that mental health resilience is better understood as multi-layered, i.e. relevant to, and impacted by, communities and broader societal and environmental contexts. Originality/value This paper provides insight into an aspect of migrant mental health that has tended to be overlooked hitherto: the mental health resilience and positive mental health capacities of urban migrants. This is particularly relevant where professional “expert” mental health provision for internal migrant communities is absent or unaffordable. Previous work has tended to focus predominantly on mental health risk factors, despite growing awareness that focusing on risk factors along can lead to an over-reliance on top-down expert-led interventions and overlook positive capacities for mental health that are sometimes possessed by individuals and their communities.

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How to Support Parents of Infants and Young Children in Mental Health Care: A Narrative Review

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Stolper ◽

Karin van Doesum ◽

Majone Steketee

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Young Children ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Care Providers ◽

Infants And Young Children ◽

Parent Child

Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to gain insight into the appropriate intervention targets when parents of infants and young children suffer from psychopathology.Background: Psychopathology in parents is a risk factor for maladaptive parenting and is strongly related to negative cascade effects on parent-child interactions and relations in the short and long term. Children in their first years of life are especially at risk. However, in adult mental health care, this knowledge is rarely translated into practice, which is a missed opportunity for prevention.Methods: Electronic databases were searched for reviews and meta-analysis. In addition, sources were obtained via manual search, reference mining, expert opinion, and communications from conferences. In total, 56 papers, whereof 23 reviews and 12 meta-analyses were included.Results: Findings regarding targets of intervention were identified in different interacting domains, namely the parental, family, child, and environmental domains as well as the developing parent-child relationship. A “one size fits all” intervention is not appropriate. A flexible, tailored, resource-oriented intervention program, multi-faceted in addressing all modifiable risk factors and using different methods (individual, dyadic, group), seems to provide the best results.Conclusion: To address the risk factors in different domains, adult and child mental health care providers should work together in close collaboration to treat the whole family including mental disorders, relational, and contextual problems. A multi-agency approach that includes social services is needed.

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Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1800105x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John P. A. Ioannidis

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disease ◽

Brain Disorders ◽

Social Stressors ◽

Labor Education ◽

Mental Diseases ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

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