Risk assessment of patulin intake from apple containing products by young children

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F.A. Brandon ◽  
A.J. Baars ◽  
J.D. Te Biesebeek ◽  
A.G. Oomen ◽  
M.I. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Living Region ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Harmful Effects

Patulin is a mycotoxin for which a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 400 ng/kg bodyweight/ day has been set based on its most sensitive toxic effect, growth retardation. Apple containing products are the major source for patulin exposure, with major intake differences according to age and living region. Young children are most at risk of patulin intoxication, because they consume much higher amounts of apple products than adults. In this study, the patulin intake was calculated for Dutch children of 8 to 48 months and the risks of patulin intoxication were assessed. In addition, the bioaccessibility of patulin from apple containing products was investigated for a more refined risk assessment of patulin. The bioaccessibility of patulin was high, varying between 55 and 100%, and, consequently, no refinement of the risk assessment was possible. Based on the probabilistic intake calculations, children are exposed to levels below the PMTDI. Children aged 13-20 months with a high organic apple product intake have the highest patulin exposure, 342 ng/kg bodyweight/day at the upper confidence interval of the P95. No harmful effects are expected with the current patulin intake in young children. No concentration data are available for baby food (organic and conventional) and, therefore, concentrations were set at half the legal limit for intake calculations. Concentration data are needed for a more refined intake calculation for children younger than one year to estimate the actual risk in these children, because baby food comprises 23% of their diet.

Risk Assessment of the Intake of Foods and Soil With the Radionuclides and the Air Radiation Dose After the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiichiro Fujinaga ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
Maiko Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
One Year

Risk assessment of soil contaminated with radionuclides was performed by considering the intake of radionuclides in foods based on measured concentrations. Due to the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, radionuclides were spread out over an area of 13,000 km2. Radionuclides were found in the food, and the Japanese people are concerned about eating foods from Fukushima and the surrounding area. Radionuclides such as 134Cs and 137Cs were found on soil, buildings, plants, and so on. The exposure routes were determined to be (1) food intake, (2) ingestion and inhalation of soil particles, and (3) external radiation from the ground. Then, the total doses of all exposure routes for one year and over a lifetime were calculated, and the committed effective doses for the lifetime were evaluated. To estimate the intake of food, the concentrations can be obtained from the database of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The foods are divided into 16 types to estimate the daily intake. The geometrical means of the intake were calculated using monthly data for each group of food. Then, the intake from food for one year was calculated for each generation. The committed effective doses were calculated using the intake of each radionuclides times the dose coefficient. For the air dose, three cases were set as exposure scenarios. Case 1 was used for people who stay in a house for 24 hours, such as infants, pregnant females, and bedridden people. Case 2 was used for house wives and office workers, who stay outside for 4 hours and inside for 20 hours. Case 3 was used for children, farmers, and construction workers, who stay outside for 8 hours and inside for 16 hours. As a result, exposure through the ingestion and inhalation of soil particles were negligible, and exposures by food intake and external exposure from the ground were comparatively large. This study shows that the air dose by this disaster should be less than 0.2 μSv/hour to control the radiation dose with the consumption of food being less than 1 mSv/year. However, to maintain the lifetime dose under 100 mSv, several mSv/y is sufficient, considering radioactive decay and dilution by advection and diffusion. The risk assessment based on land use can provide information about the priority of countermeasures against the contamination and provides reasonable decontamination methods or risk management strategies.

Risk Assessment of Sulphite Exposure through Foods Among Adolescents of Delhi (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Permissible Levels

Background: Sulphites added as preservatives in food have been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Objective: The present study was designed with an objective of assessing the risk of sulphite exposure through food in adolescents (12-16 years old) of Delhi, India. Methods: A total of 1030 adolescents selected from four private and four government schools of Delhi, were asked to record their food intake using a 24 hour food record, repeated on three days, for assessing exposure to sulphites. The risk was assessed using six different scenarios of exposure. Results: The actual intake for sulphites for average consumers was 0.15 ± 0.13 mg / kg b.w. / day which was 21.4% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers (P95), it was 65% of the ADI. However, for 2 respondents, the actual intake exceeded the ADI. The major food contributors to sulphite intake were beverage concentrates (46%), ready to serve beverages (22%) followed by miscellaneous food items (16%), mainly ice creams and snowballs. Estimation of sulphite intake using different exposure scenarios revealed that for certain scenarios where the highest reported sulphite level or maximum permissible levels were considered for calculation, the high consumers exceeded the ADI, though, for average consumers, intake was well below the ADI. Conclusion: Actual intake of sulphite for average consumers was well below the ADI but for high consumers was approaching the ADI. People with sulphite sensitivity need to be aware of hidden food sources of sulphites.

scholarly journals Modeling of solid sediment transport in mountain rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 12002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Boukhanef ◽  
Anna Khadzhidi ◽  
Lyudmila Kravchenko ◽  
Zeroual Ayoub ◽  
Kastali Abdennour
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
High Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Solid Transport ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

In Algeria, the problems of erosion and sediment transport are critical, since they have the most dramatic consequences of the degradation of agricultural soils on the one hand and the siltation of the dam on the other .The sediment transport in the Algerian basins is very important especially during the periods of floods, It is in this sense that this study, which consists of estimating the sediment transport in suspension and determining the models of relation linking the liquid discharge and the sediment discharge in order to estimate the solid transport in the absence of suspended sediments concentration data at the Sidi Akkacha station at the outlet of the basin of Oued Allala which is subject to a high water erosion, it degrades from one year to the other under the effect of this phenomenon especially during the floods which drain high amounts of fine particles exceeding in general, the concentration of 150 g/l, the results obtained from the application of the models are very encouraging since the correlation between liquid and solid discharge exceeds 80 %.

Nobody’s Perfect: Making sense of a parenting skills workshop through ethnographic research in a low-income neighbourhood in Santiago de Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 026101832098398
Author(s):  
Marjorie Murray ◽  
Daniela Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
One Year ◽  
Everyday Problems

Nadie es Perfecto (Nobody’s Perfect, or NEP) is a parenting skills workshop aimed at ‘sharing experiences and receiving guidance on everyday problems to strengthen child development’. This article explores this workshop in terms of its relationship with the daily lives of participants, based on one year of fieldwork focused on families with young children in a low-income neighbourhood in Santiago. While caregivers frame their parenting efforts as aiming to ‘hacer lo mejor posible’ (do their best) under difficult circumstances, our study found that facilitators take an anachronistic and homogenizing view of participants. Embracing a universalistic perspective of child development, they discourage participation and debate, focusing instead on providing concrete advice that limits the potential of the workshops. This article argues that by ignoring the different living situations of families in this socioeconomic context, NEP reproduces a prejudiced view of poor subjects that sees them as deficient and incapable of change.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment to dioxins, furans and PCBs in young children: The first French evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 111292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Hulin ◽  
Véronique Sirot ◽  
Paule Vasseur ◽  
Aurelie Mahe ◽  
Jean-Charles Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment

Motor outcomes in young children pre‐and one‐year post‐liver transplant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Patterson ◽  
Stephanie So ◽  
Alaine Rogers ◽  
Vicky L. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Motor Outcomes

Slowest heating zone migration for heterophase baby food system

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Кондратенко ◽  
Борис Львович Каневский ◽  
Галина Петровна Покудина ◽  
Вячеслав Иванович Сенкевич ◽  
Лидия Алексеевна Борченкова
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Heterophase System ◽  
Thermal Sterilization ◽  
Slowest Heating Zone

В работе приведены результаты исследования миграции зоны наименьшего прогревания (Slowest Heating Zone, далее SHZ) в упаковке при термической стерилизации мелкодисперсной гетерофазной пищевой системы для питания детей раннего возраста. Локализация SHZ является основным параметром, на основе которого производится разработка режимов термической стерилизации для пищевых систем с конвективным теплообменом. В качестве объекта исследования использовали сок яблочный с мякотью для детского питания отечественного производства, который представляет собой гетерофазную систему с жидкой дисперсионной средой и равномерно распределенной в ней высокодисперсной фазой в виде частиц мякоти с плотностью, близкой к плотности жидкой среды. Продукт был расфасован в стеклянные банки III-52-190. Прогрев проводили в термостате при температурах греющей среды 75, 80, 85, 90 и 95 °C, которые поддерживали и регистрировали автоматически, что обеспечивало равномерность температурного поля воды в термостате. Кривые прогрева снимали с помощью термопары, рабочий спай которой размещался по оси банки на высоте 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 40, 42 и 48 мм от дна. В результате экспериментальных исследований процесса стерилизации установлено, что в подобной пищевой системе локализация SHZ и кинетика ее миграции аналогичны этим параметрам в гомофазных пищевых системах, но различаются важными особенностями, вызванными как наличием дисперсной фазы, так и различиями в теплофизических параметрах продуктов. Отмечено влияние обязательной для питания детей раннего возраста гомогенизации сока с мякотью на вязкость продукта из-за упорядоченности ориентации частиц мякоти, вызывающей миграцию SHZ при изменении температуры сока при нагреве и охлаждении. The paper presents the results of researches of Slowest Heating Zone (SHZ) migration in packaging during thermal sterilization of fine heterophasic food system for feeding young children. Localization of SHZ is the main parameter on the basis of which the development of thermal sterilization modes for food systems with convective heat exchange is made. As the object of the study, we used apple juice with pulp for baby food of domestic production, which is a heterophase system with a liquid dispersion medium and a highly dispersed phase uniformly distributed in it in the form of pulp particles with a density close to the density of the liquid medium. The product was packaged in glass jars III-52-190. Warming up was carried out in a thermostat at temperatures of the heating medium of 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 °C, which were maintained and recorded automatically, which ensured the uniformity of the temperature field of water in the thermostat. The heating curves were recorded using a thermocouple, the working junction of which was located along the can axis at heights of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 40, 42, and 48 mm from the bottom. As a result of experimental studies of the sterilization process, it was found that in such a food system, the localization of SHZ and the kinetics of its migration are similar to these parameters in homophase food systems, but differ in important features caused by both the presence of a dispersed phase and differences in the thermophysical parameters of products. The effect of homogenization of juice with pulp, obligatory for feeding young children, on the viscosity of the product due to the regularity of the orientation of pulp particles, which causes migration of SHZ when the temperature of the juice changes during heating and cooling, has been noted.

scholarly journals Record of the circumstances of falls in the community: perspective in the Iberian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Araújo ◽  
Nilza Nogueira Caldevilla ◽  
Candida Maciel ◽  
Felicidade Malheiro ◽  
María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
One Year ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Basic Health Units

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the diagnosis of the situation regarding documentation of falls and risk of falls in people older than 75 years in basic health units in Spain and Portugal. Method: mixed exploratory study in two stages: (i) quantitative descriptive of randomly selected fall records produced in one year (597 records; 197 Spanish and 400 Portuguese); and (ii) qualitative, with the purpose of knowing the perception of health professionals employing semi-structured interviews (72 professionals, 16 Spanish and 56 Portuguese). The study areas were two basic health units in southern Spain and northern Portugal. Results: in the fall records, the number of women was higher. The presence of fall was associated with the variables age, presence of dementia, osteoarticular disease, previous falls and consumption of antivertiginous medication. Health professionals perceived an absence of risk assessment instruments, as well as lack of prevention programs and lack of awareness of this event. Conclusion: falls are perceived as an area of priority attention for health professionals. Nonetheless, there is a lack of adherence to the registration of falls and risk assessment, due to organizational, logistical and motivational problems.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring and Subsequent Risk Assessment of Combined Exposure to Phthalates in Iranian Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Zare Jeddi ◽  
Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji ◽  
Ivonne Rietjens ◽  
Jochem Louisse ◽  
Yuri Bruinen de Bruin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Iranian Children

This study aimed to estimate the exposure and related health risks of phthalates, and to assess the health risks from combined exposure to three of the phthalates sharing the same mode of action (anti-androgenicity) in children. We determined the internal exposure of 56 Iranian children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years by analyzing seven urinary metabolites of five phthalates. The estimated daily intake values derived from the biomonitoring data ranged from 0.01 µg/kg bw/day for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), to 17.85 µg/kg bw/day for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The risk assessment revealed that not only the exposure to the individual phthalates, but also the combined exposure to the three anti-androgenic phthalates (DEHP, DBP, BBP) did not raise a safety concern (hazard index values averaged 0.2). The range of maximum cumulative ratio values varied from around 1 for most individuals to around 2 in some individuals, indicating that the combined exposures were dominated by one and in some cases by two of the three anti-androgenic phthalates, especially dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and/or DEHP. Based on biomonitoring data, the overall combined exposure of Iranian children to phthalates does not raise a concern, while reduction of exposure is best focused on DEHP and DBP that showed the highest hazard quotient.

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