Bioaccessibility in daily diet and bioavailability in vitro of aflatoxins from maize after cooking

Bioavailability is not a constant percentage of a contaminant in food but is affected by many factors, such as food type, treatment, diet structure and interaction with other compounds. To evaluate these influences, we measured the bioaccessibility of aflatoxins from nine naturally polluted maize samples, collected from southeast China, using an in vitro digestion model, and analysed the intestinal transport of aflatoxins by a Caco-2 cell model. Steam cooking treatment could reduce the aflatoxin levels in maize bread. The degradation rates of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 ranged from 24.9±3.2 to 33.9±3.5%, 27.0±2.0 to 39.0±1.8%, 27.9±7.9 to 34.4±8.2% and 25.6±3.6 to 37.2±6.5%, respectively. As a result, the bioaccessibility of aflatoxins determined by an in vitro digestion model (41.5-63.3%) was much lower than the previously reported 80%. Edible oil could increase the bioaccessibility of aflatoxin, whereas lettuce would decrease the exposure amount from maize. With a Caco-2 cell model, the apparent permeability coefficient exceeding 10-5 cm/s indicated that there is high absorption of aflatoxins in the human body, while the intestinal transport can be effectively restrained in the presence of chlorophyll.

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Red Grape Juice Inhibits Iron Availability: Application of an in Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf025832q ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (23) ◽

pp. 6935-6938 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Francesca Boato ◽

Gary M. Wortley ◽

Rui Hai Liu ◽

Raymond P. Glahn

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Grape Juice ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Iron Availability ◽

Red Grape Juice ◽

Red Grape

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Co‐products of beef processing enhance non‐haem iron absorption in an in vitro digestion/caco‐2 cell model

International Journal of Food Science & Technology ◽

10.1111/ijfs.14049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1256-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisabeth A. A. O'Flaherty ◽

Paraskevi Tsermoula ◽

Eileen E. O'Neill ◽

Nora M. O'Brien

Keyword(s):

Iron Absorption ◽

Cell Model ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Beef Processing ◽

Haem Iron

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Bicarbonate secretion in rat distal colon in vitro: a measurement technique

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.3.c383 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 254 (3) ◽

pp. C383-C390 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. M. Feldman ◽

S. F. Berman ◽

R. L. Stephenson

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Apparent Permeability ◽

Chemical Gradients ◽

Acid Generation ◽

Rat Distal Colon ◽

Tissue Surfaces ◽

Apparent Permeability Coefficient ◽

Transepithelial Voltage

To study HCO3- secretion in rat distal colon, we utilized a technique that permits control of electrical and chemical transepithelial gradients. With symmetrical solutions (pH 7.4, [HCO3-] 25 mM, and CO2 tension 40 mmHg) bathing both tissue surfaces and under short-circuit conditions, HCO3- secretion remained stable for greater than 4 h at 1 mueq. h-1.cm-2. As the mucosal solution was alkalinized, the serosal solution was acidified at 3.1 mueq.h-1.cm-2. Ninety-four percent of serosal acidification was accounted for by the rate of metabolic lactic acid generation and transepithelial HCO3- secretion. Clamping transepithelial voltage reversibly affected net HCO3- secretion, and a linear relationship existed between clamped mucosal voltage and net HCO3- flux (r = 0.99); mucosal voltage of -68 mV completely inhibited net secretion. The apparent permeability coefficient of the colon to HCO3- is 2.8 X 10(-6) cm/s. One millimolar ouabain completely inhibited net HCO3- secretion. Acetazolamide (10(-4) M) inhibited secretion by approximately 50%, whereas a 10(-3) M concentration inhibited secretion by 90%. These data demonstrate that net colonic HCO3- secretion can be measured without imposed electrical and chemical gradients and that this flux is voltage sensitive and depends on carbonic anhydrase and Na+-K+-ATPase activities.

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High degradation and no bioavailability of artichoke miRNAs assessed using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2018.08.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 68-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aldo Cavallini ◽

Fiorenza Minervini ◽

Antonella Garbetta ◽

Catia Lippolis ◽

Gaetano Scamarcio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

No Bioavailability

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Development and In Vitro Evaluation of a Mucoadhesive Oral Deliverv System for Antisense Oliaonucleotides

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3797/scipharm.aut-03-17 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 165-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch ◽

Julia Telsnig ◽

Margit Hornof

Keyword(s):

Delivery System ◽

Permeability Coefficient ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide ◽

Apparent Permeability ◽

Release Studies ◽

Apparent Permeability Coefficient ◽

Permeation Studies ◽

Membrane Bound

It was the aim of this study to develop an oral phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (PS-ODN) drug delivery system and to evaluate its properties in vitro. Results demonstrated that the 16-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide used was completely stable towards enzymatic degradation by secreted and membrane bound intestinal enzymes. Permeation studies with freshly excised intestinal mucosa showed a comparatively high uptake of the PS-ODN with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 8.35 ± 1.24 x 10-6 cm/sec. The PS-ODN was incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine carrier matrix system exhibiting high cohesive and mucoadhesive properties. Release studies demonstrated that a controlled and sustained PS-ODN release out of this delivery system could be achieved. Because of these features, the dosage form developed within this study seems to represent a promising novel tool for oral PS-ODN delivery.

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Starch Digestion Enhances Bioaccessibility of Anti-Inflammatory Polyphenols from Borlotti Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Perez-Hernandez ◽

Nugraheni ◽

Benohoud ◽

Sun ◽

Hernández-Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Cell Model ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Starch Digestion ◽

Granule Structure ◽

Domestic Processing ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The consumption of beans has been associated with chronic disease prevention which may be attributed to the polyphenols present in the seed coat and endosperm. However, their bioaccessibility is likely to be limited by interactions with bean matrix components, including starch, protein and fibre. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of domestic processing and enzymatic digestion on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from Borlotti beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and to test their anti-inflammatory properties in a macrophage cell model. In vitro digestion of cooked beans released twenty times more polyphenols (40.4 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) than domestic processing (2.22 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g), with starch digestion contributing to the highest release (30.9 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g). Fluorescence microscopy visualization of isolated bean starch suggests that polyphenols are embedded within the granule structure. LC-MS analysis showed that cooked Borlotti bean contain flavonoids, flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids, and cooked bean extracts exerted moderate anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing mRNA levels of IL1β and iNOS by 25% and 40%, respectively. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of bean polyphenols is strongly enhanced by starch digestion. These polyphenols may contribute to the health benefits associated with bean consumption.

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Bioavailability of β-carotene isomers from raw and cooked carrots using an in vitro digestion model coupled with a human intestinal Caco-2 cell model

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.026 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 1449-1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

S. Aisling Aherne ◽

Trevor Daly ◽

Marvin A. Jiwan ◽

Laurie O’Sullivan ◽

Nora M. O’Brien

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Β Carotene

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The Effect of Calcium Salts, Ascorbic Acid and Peptic pH on Calcium, Zinc and Iron Bioavailabilities from Fortified Human Milk using an in vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.171 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Etcheverry ◽

Wallingford ◽

Miller ◽

Glahn

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Cell Model ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Zinc Uptake ◽

Cell Uptake ◽

Whey Protein Concentrate ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Peptic Digestion

The calcium, zinc, and iron bioavailabilities of human milk with commercial and noncommercial human milk fortifiers (HMFs) were evaluated under a variety of conditions: peptic digestion at pH 2 and pH 4, supplementation of ascorbic acid, and addition of three calcium salts. The noncommercial HMFs consisted of casein phosphopeptides (CPPs), alpha-lactalbumin, colostrum, and hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate (WPC). They were mixed with human milk (HM) and calcium, zinc, and iron were added. Ascorbic acid (AA) was added in certain studies. The commercial HMFs were Nestlé FM-85, Similac HMF (SHMF), and Enfamil HMF (EHMF). All HMFs were compared to S-26/SMA HMF. Results showed that the peptic pH (2 vs. 4) had no effect on mineral bioavailability. Addition of different calcium salts had no effect on calcium cell uptake and cell ferritin levels (an indicator of iron uptake), however, the addition of calcium glycerophosphate/gluconate increased zinc uptake by Caco-2 cells. Addition of AA significantly increased ferritin levels, with no effect on calcium or zinc uptake. Among the commercial HMFs, FM-85 was significantly lower in zinc uptake than S-26/SMA, and HM+EHMF was significantly higher than HM+S-26/SMA. Cell ferritin levels were significantly higher for HM+S-26/SMA than for all other commercial fortifiers. None of the commercial HMFs were different from HM+S-26/SMA in calcium uptake.

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Transport of Corilagin, Gallic Acid, and Ellagic Acid from Fructus Phyllanthi Tannin Fraction in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/9205379 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xin Mao ◽

Ling-Fang Wu ◽

Hai-juan Zhao ◽

Wen-Yi Liang ◽

Wen-Jing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tight Junction ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Organic Anion ◽

Multidrug Resistance Proteins ◽

Apparent Permeability ◽

Glycoprotein P ◽

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽

Apparent Permeability Coefficient

Objective. To investigate the absorption property of the representative hydrolyzable tannin, namely corilagin, and its hydrolysates gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) from the Fructus Phyllanthi tannin fraction (PTF)in vitro.Methods. Caco-2 cells monolayer model was established. Influences of PTF on Caco-2 cells viability were detected with MTT assay. The transport across monolayers was examined for different time points, concentrations, and secretory directions. The inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) and sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), and tight junction modulators were used to study the transport mechanism. LC-MS method was employed to quantify the absorption concentration.Results. The apparent permeability coefficient(Papp)values of the three compounds were below 1.0 × 10−6 cm/s. The absorption of corilagin and GA were much lower than their efflux, and the uptake of both compounds was increased in the presence of inhibitors of P-gp and MRPs. The absorption of EA was decreased in the company of OATP and SGLT1 inhibitors. Moreover, the transport of corilagin, GA, and EA was enhanced by tight junction modulators.Conclusion. These observations indicated that the three compounds in PTF were transported via passive diffusion combined with protein mediated transport. P-gp and MRPs might get involved in the transport of corilagin and GA. The absorption of EA could be attributed to OATP and SGLT1 protein.

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