Identification of Fusarium Species Responsible to Cause Wheat Head Blight in Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Minyahil Kebede ◽  
Girma Adugna ◽  
Bekele Hundie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

scholarly journals Potential Role and Involvement of Antioxidants and Other Secondary Metabolites of Wheat in the Infection Process and Resistance to Fusarium spp.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Jana Chrpová ◽  
Matyáš Orsák ◽  
Petr Martinek ◽  
Jaromír Lachman ◽  
Martina Trávníčková
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Color ◽  
Wheat Gene ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Native Resistance

This article provides a summary of current knowledge about wheat metabolites that may affect resistance against Fusarium head blight (FHB). The mechanisms of resistance, the roles of secondary metabolites in wheat defense, and future directions for breeding are assessed. The soluble phenols play an important role in redox regulation in plant tissues and can act as antimicrobial compounds. The color of cereal hulls and grains is caused by such natural pigments as anthocyanins in the aleurone, endosperm, and pericarp layers of the grain. Phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, and phytohormones actively participate in the defense system, whereas carotenoids show various effects against Fusarium species that are positively correlated with the levels of their mycotoxins. Pathogen infestation of vegetative tissues induces volatile organic compounds production, which can provide defensive functions to infested wheat. The efficient use of native resistance in the wheat gene pool, introgression of resistant alleles, and implementation of modern genotypic strategies to increase levels of native secondary metabolites with antifungal properties can enhance the FHB resistance of new varieties. Expanding the breeding interest in the use of forms with different grain color and plant organs can be a potential benefit for the creation of lines with increased resistance to various stresses.

Species and trichothecene genotype of pathogens causing Fusarium head blight of wheat in Nebraska, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Valverde-Bogantes ◽  
Andreia Bianchini ◽  
Stephen Wegulo ◽  
Heather Hallen-Adams
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important disease caused by several Fusarium species affecting wheat and other small grain cereals. In recent years, reports of shifts in populations of FHB pathogens around the world have shown that these populations are dynamic and change continuously, often resulting in increased yield losses or changes in the mycotoxins produced in the grain, which highlights the need for increased vigilance. The objective of this research was to identify the species and trichothecene genotypes of FHB pathogens in Nebraska in order to monitor their populations and the major toxigenic risks in the state. A total of 74 single-spore Fusarium isolates were obtained from 42 FHB symptomatic wheat spikes collected from Nebraska fields during the growing seasons in 2015-2018. Most of the isolates were identified as F. graminearum (n=67) based on translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (TRI101), and reductase (RED) sequences. Additional species included F. boothii (n=3), F. poae (n=2), F. acuminatum (n=1), and one isolate was an F. graminearum × F. boothii interspecific hybrid. All F. graminearum and F. boothii isolates had the 15-ADON trichothecene genotype. This study shows that F. graminearum is not the only pathogen causing FHB in Nebraska and helps expand knowledge on the worldwide distribution of F. boothii. The information obtained from this survey will be useful in developing effective FHB management strategies in Nebraska, since different pathogen populations can cause varying levels of disease intensity and can be selectively sensitive to management tactics.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Factors Defining Head Blight Resistance in an Old Hungarian Wheat Variety-Based Mapping Population

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Emese Varga-László ◽  
Katalin Puskás ◽  
Balázs Varga ◽  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
Ottó Veisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Qtls

One of the most important limiting factors of high-quality wheat production is Fusarium head blight infection. The various Fusarium species not only may cause severe yield loss but—due to toxin production—the grains also might become unsuitable for animal and human nutrition. In the present research, our aim was to examine the Fusarium resistance of a special mapping population (’BKT9086-95/Mv Magvas’) and identify the genetic factors and chromosome regions determining the tolerance to Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum. The connection between the genetic background and the Fusarium head blight sensitivity was confirmed by the analysis of variance in the case of three markers, among which the co-dominant pattern of the gtac2 and gtac3 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers might indicate a marker development possibility. Consistently expressed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, and 7A. Loci linked to resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes. During the investigation of phenological and morphological traits (heading date, plant height, ear compactness) influencing the head blight resistance and the location of the resistance QTLs, the total overlap was found in the case of the region identified on chromosome 2D and partial overlap on chromosomes 2A and 2B. Whereas 5A may be a rare allelic variant of a novel QTL.

Construction of Physical Maps of Mitochondrial DNAs in Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
C. Nakamura ◽  
N. Kodo ◽  
T. Shimizu ◽  
N. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas

scholarly journals Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains – An Update

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Foroud ◽  
Danica Baines ◽  
Tatiana Y. Gagkaeva ◽  
Nehal Thakor ◽  
Ana Badea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Host Tissues

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the Fusarium genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues. As potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, trichothecenes pose a health risk to human and animal consumers of infected cereal grains. In 2009, Foroud and Eudes published a review of trichothecenes in cereal grains for human consumption. As an update to this review, the work herein provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the Fusarium trichothecenes covering topics in chemistry and biochemistry, pathogen biology, trichothecene toxicity, molecular mechanisms of resistance or detoxification, genetics of resistance and breeding strategies to reduce their contamination of wheat and barley.

Hyperspectral quantification of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight: comparison of two Fusarium species

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alisaac ◽  
J. Behmann ◽  
M. T. Kuska ◽  
H.-W. Dehne ◽  
A.-K. Mahlein
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight

Use of solid phase microextraction coupled to capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for screening Fusarium spp. based on their volatile sesquiterpenes

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Girotti ◽  
I. Malbrán ◽  
G. Lori ◽  
M. Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Pampa Region ◽  
Blight Disease

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used to evaluate the use of fungal volatiles to discriminate Fusarium species from wheat cultivars in the Argentina pampa region. Monosporic fungal isolates were grown on rice in sealed containers for 1 week and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were sampled for 30 min from the head space by SPME and analysed by CGC and CGCMS. VOC profiles of Fusarium species F. graminearum, F. poae, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum were discriminated by comparison of their profiles in the elution zone corresponding to sesquiterpenes. Trichothecene-producer and non-trichothecene producer Fusarium species were separated by the presence of trichodiene in their VOC fingerprints. Within trichothecene-producers, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. equiseti differed on the structure of their volatile sesquiterpenes. This technique might be also helpful to detect F. graminearum, the major head blight disease-producing fungus in the region.

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