Isolated Fractures of the Orbital Floor: Risk of Infection and the Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 409-411
Author(s):  
Christopher T Westfall ◽  
John W Shore
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Orbital Floor ◽  
Risk Of Infection

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

scholarly journals Periprocedural Peritonitis Prophylaxis: A Summary of the Microbiology and the Role of Systemic Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Leon Hsueh ◽  
Susie L. Hu ◽  
Ankur D. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Catheter Insertion ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Potential Strategy

Background: Peritonitis is a leading complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). One strategy that the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) has used to help mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with peritonitis is through prevention, including antibiotic prophylaxis utilization in high-risk situations. The aim of this study is to summarize our current understanding of postprocedural peritonitis and discuss the existing data behind periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis, focusing primarily on PD catheter insertion, dental procedures, colonoscopies, upper endoscopies with gastrostomy, and gynecologic procedures. Summary: The ISPD currently recommends intravenous antibiotics prior to PD catheter insertion, colonoscopies, and invasive gynecologic procedures, though prophylaxis has only demonstrated benefit in a prospective, randomized control setting for PD catheter insertion. However, multiple retrospective studies exist that support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for the other 2 procedures. No specific antibiotic regimen has been established as most optimal to prevent peritonitis for any of the 3 procedures. Antibiotic coverage should include the Enterobacteriaceae family, as well as Gram-positive organisms commonly found on the skin flora for PD catheter insertion, anaerobes for colonoscopies, and common organisms from the urogenital flora in gynecologic procedures. Additionally, the ISPD currently recommends oral amoxicillin prior to dental procedures. There is currently no ISPD recommendation to provide antibiotic prophylaxis prior to an upper endoscopy with or without gastrostomy, though this is a potential area for research. Key Messages: PD patients are at high risk for developing peritonitis after typical procedures. Antibiotic prophylaxis is a potential strategy that the ISPD utilizes to prevent these infections. However, further research needs to be done to determine the optimal antibiotic regimen.

The Aetiological Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Hysterectomy in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S22-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Alun-Jones ◽  
A. J. Wilson ◽  
J. O. Hunter ◽  
R. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Use for Intensive Care Unit Patients, Part I: Rationale for Antibiotic Choices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Pino ◽  
Molly Paras ◽  
Erica S Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this review is to help clinicians optimize treatment of infections and reduce adverse events. With that goal in mind, we discuss the basis for the selection of antibiotics for the surgical patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mechanism of antibiotic action, and resistance of pathogens to antibiotic therapy—factors that may affect antibiotic levels, the rationales for dosing, and the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The evaluation and management of infections in critically ill patients are uniquely different from those of the general patient population. Age, medical comorbidities, alterations in anatomy, changes in vascular supply, insertion of vascular conduits, and orthopedic hardware are some factors that increase the risk of infection and influence antibiotic choice in the surgical ICU patient.  Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, intensive care unit

Covid-19: the role of infection control in protecting the healthcare workersin Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Work Pressure

Protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) is a top priority in COVID-19 pandemic at this time. HCWs who carry the pathogens will increase the risk of infecting their patients, their colleagues as well as the community. Therefore, HCWs must follow the guidance of preventive measures issued by the Ministry of Health to ensure safety, although that means they have to work under uncomfortable condition. That is the reason why the role of surveillance and assessment the risk of infection is extremely critical. Only with regular and continuous supervision, with instructions and reminders, can HCWs effectively prevent the COVID-19 infection, especially while being under intensity - work pressure of the current situation.

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