FLEXURAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED BAMBOO SLATS (BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA) FOR CONSTRUCTING A SMALL FISHING BOAT SHELLS

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (B1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Supomo ◽  
D Manfaat ◽  
A Zubaydi
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Press Method

Because of the advantages of bamboo and the decreasing supply of teak, as a material for the construction of small Indonesian fishing boats, bamboo becomes an alternative substitute for teak as a common material to construct this type of boat. There are many bamboo species and populations in Indonesia which form the basis for selecting an advanced alternative material to construct fishing boats. This study discusses the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo slats, with a polyamide epoxy adhesive made by employing a manual cold press method. The type of bamboo used was the Bambusa Arundinacea variety that was greater than 3 years old. The bamboo laminate flexural strength was tested using the ASTM D 3043 Standard. The results of these tests revealed that the flexural strength of the laminated bamboo slats provided bending strengths of MOR and MOE values of 84.12 MPa and 18.04 GPa respectively. By using MOR and MOE values, and based on Bureau Classification of Indonesia (BKI), the shell thickness of 30 GT a fishing boat was calculated to be 25 -28 mm (bottom shell) and 19 -21 mm (side shell). These dimensions showed that the shell thickness can be reduced up to 33.3% when compared with teak (Tectona Grandis ) and the total volume of shell material to build a 30 GT of fishing boat, can be reduced by approximately 30%. The flexural strength of the bamboo slat laminate was shown to be 20% higher than 2nd class solid teak.

Analysis of the Adhesiveness and Glue Type Selection in Manufacturing of Bamboo Laminate Composite for Fishing Boat Building Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Supomo ◽  
Eko Budi Djatmiko ◽  
Achmad Zubaydi ◽  
Imam Baihaqi
Keyword(s):  
Laminate Composite ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Fishing Boat ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Boat Building ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Tape Test

The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate high quality-strong-durable type of glue for bamboo laminated composite to substitute Teak wood as an alternative material for fishing boat construction. Tape Test and Pull Off Test according to ASTM D3359 and ASTM D4541 are applied on substrates of Betung laminated bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper species) in order to determine the strength level of adhesiveness. Four types of glue are applied to bamboo laminated substrate. Having analyzed the experiment results, it indicates that Epoxy Polyamide has the highest adhesion value comparing to others. The Tape Test grades for Epoxy Polyamide are 5A (no glue peeling) and 5B (0% glue chipped extension) as well as the score of Pull Off Test is 7.92 MPa. In terms of construction cost for building fishing boat 20GT (laminated bamboo) using epoxy polyamide is a half compared to Teak wood material.

Parataxonomic classification of ornithoid eggshell fragments from the Oldman Formation (Judith River Group; Upper Cretaceous), southern Alberta

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1655-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darla K. Zelenitsky ◽  
L. V. Hills ◽  
Philip J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Theropod Dinosaur ◽  
Surface Sculpture ◽  
External Zone ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
The Family

Examination of a large number of eggshell fragments collected from the Oldman Formation of southern Alberta reveals a greater ootaxonomic diversity than is known from complete eggs or clutches. Three new oogenera and oospecies of the ornithoid-ratite morphotype and one of the ornithoid-prismatic morphotype are established, based on the eggshell fragments. Porituberoolithus warnerensis oogen. et oosp. nov. and Continuoolithus canadensis oogen. et oosp. nov. have a microstructure similar to that of elongatoolithid eggs of theropod dinosaurs. Tristraguloolithus cracioides oogen. et oosp. nov. and Dispersituberoolithus exilis oogen. et oosp. nov. possess an external zone and thus have a microstructure like modern avian eggshell. Tristraguloolithus has a shell thickness, microstructure, and surface sculpture similar to those of recent bird eggshell of the family Cracidae (order Galliformes). Dispersituberoolithus exhibits the primitive or normal eggshell condition of some recent neognathous avian taxa. The ootaxa described indicate a diversity of both avian and theropod dinosaur egg layers within Devil's Coulee and Knight's Ranch, southern Alberta, during the Late Cretaceous.

scholarly journals Effect of type cement on the mechanical strength of copper slag mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Nazer ◽  
Osvaldo Pavez ◽  
Ithamar Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Binder Type ◽  
Initial Resistance

Copper slag is a massive metallurgist waste. Annual production rises up to 24.6 million tons, approximately, and the main environmental impact derived from slag disposal is the usage of great soil extensions and the resulting visual contamination of the landscape. Along time, copper slag has been used in the manufacture of concrete and cement mortars. Thus, with the aim of verifying binder-type influence in the final hardness of mortars, two types of cement were used: regular cement and high initial resistance cement. Copper slag was characterized from the chemical, mineralogical and grading viewpoints. Official Chilean regulations were used in the applied methodology for the determination of some important slag parameters. Compression and flexural strength trials were carried out on cement mortars in specialized laboratories. The obtained results showed that mortars manufactured with copper slag presented a better resistance to compression and flexural strength than mortars manufactured with normal sand, and those made with high initial resistance cement were even better. It can be concluded from this work that copper slag offers optimal mechanical characteristics to be used in the manufacturing of cement mortars, becoming a sustainable and adequate alternative material for usage in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Bungkil Kelapa Sawit Segar (BKS) dan Fermentasi (BKSF) Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Telur Itik

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Pranata
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Mass Shell ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Haugh Unit

This research was conducted to utilize fresh and fermented palm kernel cake in the ducks diets on egg physical quality. One hundred and five laying ducks were randomly devided in to five diets treatments in three replications with seven laying ducks each the dietary treatments were K = control, was diet without palm kernel cake, BKS 10 and BKS 30 diets with addition 10 % and 30 % fresh palm kernel cake, BKSF 10 and BKSF 30 diets with addition 10 % and 30 % fermented palm kernel cake. The data collected were egg mass, shell thickness, Haugh Unit and yolk colour and will be analyzed by a one way classification of variance analysis (CRD), followed by testing the significant mean by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the egg mass, shell thickness, and HU had not significant different and egg mass were (64,74, 65,71, 67,22, 65,39, 63,52 g), shell thickness were (0,47, 0,49, 0,44, 0,48, 0,45 mm), Haught Unit were (86,81, 87,44, 90,94, 88,15, 88,08 %). Yolk colour had significant different between the treatment (9.31, 9,72, 9,81, 10,69, 10,74). It be concluded that the utilization 30% of fresh and fermented palm kernel cake in feed duck had not increase egg mass, shell tickness, and haugh unit, except on yolk colour. Key words :Fermentation, Egg Quality, Laying Duck, Palm kernel cake

Structure Strength Analysis on a Steel Chimney Outer Wall with Three Spiral Guide Plates

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2625-2628
Author(s):  
Xu Lei Deng ◽  
Jia Ning He ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Static Force ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Ansys Workbench

Study on a steel chimney outer wall with three spiral guide plates in this paper. Research the steel chimney structure stability and static force analysis under wind loads by using ANSYS Workbench and CFX fluid mechanics modular. To prove the steel chimney with three spiral guide plates structure is more safe and stable than the old steel chimney. Provides a new transformation basis of the steel chimney as the ratio of height to diameter is large and low flexural strength.

scholarly journals Sandwich Structured Composites for Aeronautics: Methods of Manufacturing Affecting Some Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Krzyżak ◽  
Michał Mazur ◽  
Mateusz Gajewski ◽  
Kazimierz Drozd ◽  
Andrzej Komorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Core Structure ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Press Method

Sandwich panels are composites which consist of two thin laminate outer skins and lightweight (e.g., honeycomb) thick core structure. Owing to the core structure, such composites are distinguished by stiffness. Despite the thickness of the core, sandwich composites are light and have a relatively high flexural strength. These composites have a spatial structure, which affects good thermal insulator properties. Sandwich panels are used in aeronautics, road vehicles, ships, and civil engineering. The mechanical properties of these composites are directly dependent on the properties of sandwich components and method of manufacturing. The paper presents some aspects of technology and its influence on mechanical properties of sandwich structure polymer composites. The sandwiches described in the paper were made by three different methods: hand lay-up, press method, and autoclave use. The samples of sandwiches were tested for failure caused by impact load. Sandwiches prepared in the same way were used for structural analysis of adhesive layer between panels and core. The results of research showed that the method of manufacturing, more precisely the pressure while forming sandwich panels, influences some mechanical properties of sandwich structured polymer composites such as flexural strength, impact strength, and compressive strength.

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