scholarly journals Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjukka Kolehmainen ◽  
Stine M Ulven ◽  
Jussi Paananen ◽  
Vanessa de Mello ◽  
Ursula Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Nascent Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Bremer ◽  
Ishwarlal Jialal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) confers an increased risk for both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, studies on adipose tissue biology in nascent MetS uncomplicated by T2DM and/or CVD are scanty. Recently, we demonstrated that adipose tissue dysregulation and aberrant adipokine secretion contribute towards the syndrome’s low-grade chronic proinflammatory state and insulin resistance. Specifically, we have made the novel observation that subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in subjects with nascent MetS has increased macrophage recruitment with cardinal crown-like structures. We have also shown that subjects with nascent MetS have increased the levels of SAT-secreted adipokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, leptin, RBP-4, CRP, SAA, PAI-1, MCP-1, and chemerin) and plasma adipokines (IL-1, IL-6, leptin, RBP-4, CRP, SAA, and chemerin), as well as decreased levels of plasma adiponectin and both plasma and SAT omentin-1. The majority of these abnormalities persisted following correction for increased adiposity. Our data, as well as data from other investigators, thus, highlight the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction in subjects with MetS and its contribution to the proinflammatory state and insulin resistance. This adipokine profile may contribute to increased insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, promoting the increased risk of T2DM and CVD.

scholarly journals Assessing the Contribution of Relative Macrophage Frequencies to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Kalafati ◽  
Michael Lenz ◽  
Gökhan Ertaylan ◽  
Ilja C. W. Arts ◽  
Chris T. Evelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Cell Type Composition ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Macrophages play an important role in regulating adipose tissue function, while their frequencies in adipose tissue vary between individuals. Adipose tissue infiltration by high frequencies of macrophages has been linked to changes in adipokine levels and low-grade inflammation, frequently associated with the progression of obesity. The objective of this project was to assess the contribution of relative macrophage frequencies to the overall subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression using publicly available datasets.Methods: Seven publicly available microarray gene expression datasets from human subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies (n = 519) were used together with TissueDecoder to determine the adipose tissue cell-type composition of each sample. We divided the subjects in four groups based on their relative macrophage frequencies. Differential gene expression analysis between the high and low relative macrophage frequencies groups was performed, adjusting for sex and study. Finally, biological processes were identified using pathway enrichment and network analysis.Results: We observed lower frequencies of adipocytes and higher frequencies of adipose stem cells in individuals characterized by high macrophage frequencies. We additionally studied whether, within subcutaneous adipose tissue, interindividual differences in the relative frequencies of macrophages were reflected in transcriptional differences in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Adipose tissue of individuals with high macrophage frequencies had a higher expression of genes involved in complement activation, chemotaxis, focal adhesion, and oxidative stress. Similarly, we observed a lower expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation and mitochondrial respiration.Conclusion: We present an approach that combines publicly available subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression datasets with a deconvolution algorithm to calculate subcutaneous adipose tissue cell-type composition. The results showed the expected increased inflammation gene expression profile accompanied by decreased gene expression in pathways related to lipid metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals characterized by high macrophage frequencies. This approach demonstrates the hidden strength of reusing publicly available data to gain cell-type-specific insights into adipose tissue function.

scholarly journals Increased Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Expression of Genes Involved in Glycerolipid-Fatty Acid Cycling in Obese Insulin-Resistant Versus -Sensitive Individuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. E2518-E2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Soleil Gauthier ◽  
Joelle R. Pérusse ◽  
Marie-Ève Lavoie ◽  
Robert Sladek ◽  
S. R. Murthy Madiraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Influence of birth weight on gene regulators of lipid metabolism and utilization in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Williams ◽  
N Marten ◽  
V Wilson ◽  
J C Litten-Brown ◽  
A M Corson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Epidemiological studies suggest that low-birth weight infants show poor neonatal growth and increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, in particular, obesity and diabetes. Adipose tissue development is regulated by many genes, including members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) families. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of birth weight on key adipose and skeletal muscle tissue regulating genes. Piglets from 11 litters were ranked according to birth weight and 3 from each litter assigned to small, normal, or large-birth weight groups. Tissue samples were collected on day 7 or 14. Plasma metabolite concentrations and the expression ofPPARG2,PPARA,FABP3, andFABP4genes were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipocyte number and area were determined histologically. Expression ofFABP3and4was significantly reduced in small and large, compared with normal, piglets in adipose tissue on day 7 and in skeletal muscle on day 14. On day 7,PPARAandPPARG2were significantly reduced in adipose tissue from small and large piglets. Adipose tissue from small piglets contained more adipocytes than normal or large piglets. Birth weight had no effect on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle lipid content. Low-birth weight is associated with tissue-specific and time-dependent effects on lipid-regulating genes as well as morphological changes in adipose tissue. It remains to be seen whether these developmental changes alter an individual's susceptibility to metabolic syndrome.

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