Mantle Diapirs and Sedimentary Basins Formation and Evolution. Case Study of the Pre-Caspian Depression and Sedimentary Basins of Brazil

Author(s):  
V.B. Svalova
Author(s):  
В.Б. Свалова

Актуальность работы определяется важностью оценки и прогноза нефтегазового потенциала глубоких осадочных бассейнов, в частности, глубоких горизонтов структур, не всегда доступных глубокому бурению в поисковых и разведочных целях. Цель и методы исследования. Наряду с прикладными вопроса- ми целью исследования являются фундаментальные вопросы теоретической геодинамики формирования и эволюции осадочных бассейнов в связи с подъемом мантийных диапиров на основе методов механи- ко-математического моделирования. Прикаспийская впадина и восточный сегмент Кавказского региона, включая Каспийское море, могут рассматриваться как регионы окрестности восточной части Альпийского пояса, который в свою очередь является западной частью Альпийско-Гималайского пояса, простирающе- гося от западной оконечности Средиземного моря до Тихоокеанского побережья. Каспийское море пере- секает с севера на юг серию широтных структурных зон юго-восточной окраины древней докембрийской Восточно-Европейской платформы, молодой эпигерцинской Скифско-Туранской платформы и современ- ного Альпийско-Гималайского орогенного пояса. Прикаспийская и Южно-Каспийская впадины являются глубокими осадочными бассейнами с толщиной осадочного чехла более 20 км, обладающими высоким нефтегазовым потенциалом и большим народно-хозяйственным значением. Формирование и эволюция осадочного бассейна служат ключом для определения зон нефтегенерации осадочного чехла, что делает задачу изучения геодинамики осадочных бассейнов крайне важной и необходимой. Геодинамика релье- фа поверхности определяется глубинными мантийными движениями. Механико-математическая модель динамики литосферы дает возможность количественно связать параметры формирующегося осадочного бассейна с подъемом мантийного диапира. Анализ геофизических полей геологических структур позволя- ет оценить подъем астеносферы, а разработанная самосопряженная термогравиметрическая модель ли- тосферы делает эти оценки надежными и достоверными. Геодинамика и история развития геологических структур определяют магматизм, вулканизм, сейсмичность, геотермические характеристики, геотермаль- ную активность, нефтегазоносность, опасные природные процессы региона, что в свою очередь является обоснованием создания системы комплексного экологического мониторинга на фундаментальной научной базе, прогноза и предупреждения природных бедствий и катастроф, а также поиска полезных ископаемых, включая углеводороды. Результатом работы является количественная оценка подъема астеносферы под осадочным бассейном на примере Прикаспийской впадины The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of assessing and predicting the oil and gas potential of deep sedimentary basins, in particular, deep horizons of structures that are not always accessible to deep drilling for prospecting and exploration purposes. The aim and research methods. Along with applied questions, the aim of the study is the fundamental questions of the theoretical geodynamics of the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins in connection with the rise of mantle diapirs based on the methods of mechanical and mathematical modeling. Pre-Caspian Depression and eastern segment of Caucasus region, including Caspian Sea, can be considered as regions of area of eastern part of Alpine belt, which is western part of Alpine-Himalayan belt disposed from Mediterranean sea to Pacific Ocean. Caspian sea crosses from North to South the series of structural zones of East European platform, Scythian-Turan platform and Alpine-Himalayan belt. Pre-Caspian Depression and South Caspian Depression are deep sedimentary basins with thickness of sedimentary cover more than 20 km which have high oil-gas potential and big industrial importance. Formation and evolution of sedimentary basin is the clue for oil-gas generation zones of sedimentary cover, that makes the problem of sedimentary basins geodynamics of great importance one. Geodynamics of relief is defined by deep mantle movements. Mechanical-mathematical model of the lithosphere dynamics gives possibility to link the basin parameters with mantle diaper upwelling. Analysis of geophysical fields gives opportunity to evaluate the asthenosphere upwelling, and elaborated self-conjugated thermo-gravimetric model makes this evaluation reliable and trustworthy one. Geodynamics and evolution history of geological structures determine magmatism, volcanism, seismicity, geothermics, geothermal manifestations, oil-gas potential, natural hazards of region, that is basement for monitoring system creation and construction on fundamental scientific base, forecast and prognosis of natural catastrophes and oil-gas potential researches. The result of this work is a quantitative assessment of the rise of the asthenosphere under the sedimentary basin using the example of the Pre-Caspian Depression


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenildo W.B. Leite ◽  
J. Mann ◽  
Wildney W.S. Vieira

ABSTRACT. The present case study results from a consistent processing and imaging of marine seismic data from a set collected over sedimentary basins of the East Brazilian Atlantic. Our general aim is... RESUMO. O presente artigo resulta de um processamento e imageamento consistentes de dados sísmicos marinhos de levantamento realizado em bacias sedimentares do Atlântico do Nordeste...


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 16259-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
J. Li ◽  
Y. Qu ◽  
T. Han ◽  
L. Hou ◽  
...  

Abstract. The main objective of this study is to investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of the regional haze in megacity Beijing by analyzing the process of a severe haze that occurred 20–27 September 2011. Mass concentration and size distribution of aerosol particles as well as aerosol optical properties were concurrently measured at the Beijing urban atmospheric environment monitoring station. Gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO-NO2-NOx, O3, CO) and meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity (RH)) were simultaneously monitored. Meanwhile, aerosol spatial distribution and the height of planetary boundary layer (PBL) were retrieved from the signal of satellite and LIDAR (light detection and ranging). Results showed that high intensity of local pollutants from Beijing urban source is the fundamental cause that led to the regional haze. Meteorological factors such as higher RH, weak surface wind speed, and decreasing height of PBL played an important role on the deterioration of air quality. New particle formation was considered to be the most important factor contributing the formation of haze. In order to improve the atmospheric visibility and reduce the occurrence of the haze, the mass concentration of PM2.5 at dry condition should be less than 60 µg m−3 in Beijing according to the empirical relationship of visibility, PM2.5 mass concentration and RH. This case study may provide valuable information for the public to recognize the formation mechanism of the regional haze event over the megacity, which is also useful for the government to adopt scientific approach to forecast and eliminate the occurrence of regional haze in China.


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vagia Ioanna Makri ◽  
Spyridon Bellas ◽  
Vasilis Gaganis

Although subsurface traps have been regularly explored for hydrocarbon exploration, natural gas and CO2 storage has drawn industrial attention over the past few decades, thanks to the increasing demand for energy resources and the need for greenhouse gas mitigation. With only one depleted hydrocarbon field in Greece, saline aquifers, salt caverns and sedimentary basins ought to be evaluated in furtherance of the latter. Within this study the potential of the Greek subsurface for underground storage is discussed. An overview and re-evaluation of the so-far studied areas is implemented based on the available data. Lastly, a pragmatic approach for the storage potential in Greece was created, delineating gaps and risks in the already proposed sites. Based on the above details, a case study for CO2 storage is presented, which is relevant to the West Katakolo field saline aquifer.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yining Sun ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Zhixian Cao ◽  
Alistair G.L. Borthwick

<p>For reservoirs built on a hyper-concentrated river, tributary inflow and sediment input may affect the formation and evolution of reservoir turbidity current, and accordingly bed morphology. However, the understanding of tributary effects on reservoir turbidity currents has remained poor. Here a series of laboratory-scale reservoir turbidity currents are investigated using a coupled 2D double layer-averaged shallow water hydro-sediment-morphodynamic model. It is shown that the tributary location may lead to distinctive effects on reservoir turbidity current. Clear-water flow from the tributary may cause the stable plunge point to migrate upstream, and reduce its front speed. Sediment-laden inflow from the tributary may increase the discharge, sediment concentration, and front speed of the turbidity current, and also cause the plunge point to migrate downstream when the tributary is located upstream of the plunge point. In contrast, if the tributary is located downstream of the plunge point, sediment-laden flow from the tributary causes the stable plunge point to migrate upstream, and while the tributary effects on discharge, sediment concentration, and front speed of the turbidity current are minor. A case study is presented as of the Guxian Reservoir (under planning) on the middle Yellow River, China. The present finding highlights the significance of tributary inflow and sediment input in the formation and propagation of reservoir turbidity current and also riverbed deformation. Appropriate account of tributary effects is warranted for long-term maintenance of reservoir capacity and maximum utilization of the reservoir.</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Ya Qun Liu ◽  
Hai Bo Li ◽  
Qi Tao Pei ◽  
Jing Sen Liu

In high mountain and deep river valley areas, geological materials of river valley evolution are often missing or incomplete. To address this problem, tectonic movements at project site are analyzed using mathematical statistics based on the analysis of formation and evolution history of river terraces, and then a new method to determine the thickness of river incision layers is proposed. Taking Jiata dam area at the Western Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China for an example, the reliability and reasonability of the proposed method are validated through a case study.


2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1197
Author(s):  
Anne C. Fetrow ◽  
Kathryn E. Snell ◽  
Russell V. Di Fiori ◽  
Sean P. Long ◽  
Joshua W. Bonde

ABSTRACT Terrestrial sedimentary archives record critical information about environment and climate of the past, as well as provide insights into the style, timing, and magnitude of structural deformation in a region. The Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation, located in central Nevada, USA, was deposited in the hinterland of the Sevier fold–thrust belt during the North American Cordilleran orogeny. While previous research has focused on the coarser-grained, fluvial components of the Newark Canyon Formation, the carbonate and finer-grained facies of this formation remain comparatively understudied. A more complete understanding of the Newark Canyon Formation provides insights into Cretaceous syndeformational deposition in the Central Nevada thrust belt, serves as a useful case study for deconvolving the influence of tectonic and climatic forces on sedimentation in both the North American Cordillera and other contractional orogens, and will provide a critical foundation upon which to build future paleoclimate and paleoaltimetry studies. We combine facies descriptions, stratigraphic measurements, and optical and cathodoluminescence petrography to develop a comprehensive depositional model for the Newark Canyon Formation. We identify six distinct facies that show that the Newark Canyon Formation evolved through four stages of deposition: 1) an anastomosing river system with palustrine interchannel areas, 2) a braided river system, 3) a balance-filled, carbonate-bearing lacustrine system, and 4) a second braided river system. Although climate undoubtedly played a role, we suggest that the deposition and coeval deformation of the synorogenic Newark Canyon Formation was in direct response to the construction of east-vergent contractional structures proximal to the type section. Comparison to other contemporary terrestrial sedimentary basins deposited in a variety of tectonic settings provides helpful insights into the influences of regional tectonics, regional and global climate, catchment characteristics, underlying lithologies, and subcrop geology in the preserved sedimentary record.


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