Falsification of Einstein’s relativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-581
Author(s):  
Emory Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Relativistic Theory ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
German Language ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Singularity Problem ◽  
Algebraic Version ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Foundations Of Physics

In 1915, Einstein published general relativity. In 1916, he published a German language book about relativity, which contained his marble table thought experiment for explaining a continuum. Without realizing it, Einstein introduced a quantized two-dimensional discontinuum geometry and inadvertently falsified the marble table thought experiment continuum, which falsified relativity. The foundations of physics do not now (and never did) include a fundamentally sound relativistic theory to account for macroscopic phenomena. It is well known the success of relativity and its singularity problem indicate general relativity is a first approximation of a more fundamental theory. Combine that indication with the falsification of relativity and it is apparent, without speculation, that relativity is now and always was a first approximation of a more fundamental theory. A possible way forward to the more fundamental theory is developing a discontinuum physics based on the quantized two-dimensional discontinuum geometry or an algebraic version of it. Such discontinuum physics is not presented, because it is beyond the scope of this paper.

scholarly journals The two-dimensional hydrodynamical theory of moving aerofoils. IV

1947 ◽  
Vol 188 (1015) ◽  
pp. 439-463
Keyword(s):  
Stability Problem ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Von Karman ◽  
Moving Cylinder ◽  
Period Equation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Von Kármán ◽  
Hydrodynamical Theory

In the first part of this paper opportunity has been taken to make some adjustments in certain general formulae of previous papers, the necessity for which appeared in discussions with other workers on this subject. The general results thus amended are then applied to a general discussion of the stability problem including the effect of the trailing wake which was deliberately excluded in the previous paper. The general conclusion is that to a first approximation the wake, as usually assumed, has little or no effect on the reality of the roots of the period equation, but that it may introduce instability of the oscillations, if the centre of gravity of the element is not sufficiently far forward. During the discussion contact is made with certain partial results recently obtained by von Karman and Sears, which are shown to be particular cases of the general formulae. An Appendix is also added containing certain results on the motion of a vortex behind a moving cylinder, which were obtained to justify certain of the assumptions underlying the trail theory.

scholarly journals On Russell’s 1927 Book The Analysis of Matter

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Said Mikki
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
Foundations Of Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Ordinal Space ◽  
Historical Fact

The goal of this article is to bring into wider attention the often neglected important work by Bertrand Russell on the philosophy of nature and the foundations of physics, published in the year 1927. It is suggested that the idea of what could be named Russell space, introduced in Part III of that book, may be viewed as more fundamental than many other types of spaces since the highly abstract nature of the topological ordinal space proposed by Russell there would incorporate into its very fabric the emergent nature of spacetime by deploying event assemblages, but not spacetime or particles, as the fundamental building blocks of the world. We also point out the curious historical fact that the book The Analysis of Matter can be chronologically considered the earliest book-length generic attempt to reflect on the relation between quantum mechanics, just emerging by that time, and general relativity.

On the Heaving Motion of Cylinders of Shallow Draft

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
R. C. MacCamy
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equations ◽  
Circular Disk ◽  
Finite Width ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Mass ◽  
Method Of Integral Equations ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Considerable Simplification ◽  
Special Case

A perturbation procedure is developed for the two-dimensional motion produced by a long ship in heave when the draft is assumed small. The procedure reduces the shallow draft problem to a series of problems for a "raft" of zero draft. A considerable simplification in the method of integral equations is found to occur. For the first approximation, that is, a raft of finite width, the integral equations are solved numerically to determine pressure, virtual mass and damping. The problem of heave of a circular disk of zero draft is treated by the same methods so that an evaluation of strip theory in this special case is possible.

A New Approach to Thin Aerofoil Theory

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Lighthill
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
General Technique ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Flow Problems ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
First Approximation

SummaryThe general technique for rendering approximate solutions to physical problems uniformly valid is here applied to the simplest form of the problem of correcting the theory of thin wings near a rounded leading edge. The flow investigated is two-dimensional, irrotational and incompressible, and therefore the results do not materially add to our already extensive knowledge of this subject, but the method, which is here satisfactorily checked against this knowledge, shows promise of extension to three-dimensional, and compressible, flow problems.The conclusion, in the problem studied here, is that the velocity field obtained by a straightforward expansion in powers of the disturbances, up to and including either the first or the second power, with coefficients functions of co-ordinates such that the leading edge is at the origin and the aerofoil chord is one of the axes, may be rendered a valid first approximation near the leading edge, as well as a valid first or second approximation away from it, if the whole field is shifted downstream parallel to the chord for a distance of half the leading edge radius of curvature ρL. It follows that the fluid speed on the aerofoil surface, as given on such a straightforward second approximation as a function of distance x along the chord, similarly is rendered uniformly valid (see equation (52)) if the part singular like x-1 is subtracted and the remainder is multiplied by .

A NEW EXTENSION OF GENERAL RELATIVISTIC THEORY

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASATOSHI YAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Relativistic Theory ◽  
Maxwell's Equations ◽  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Finsler Geometry ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Einstein’S General Relativity

The possibility of a new extension of the general relativistc theory will be considered using Finsler geometry. The extension of Einstein’s general relativity can be expected to regard gravitational, electroweak, and strong interactive fields as geometrical structure of a spacetime based on Finsler geometry. Indeed, it will be shown that this theory can include the general theory of relativity under a certain special condition. In addition, Maxwell’s equations will be expressed using new metric representations of the electromagnetic vector and its tensor. Moreover, it will be suggested that this theory may include metric representations of weak and strong interactive fields.

A rapidly convergent procedure for solving the equations of subsonic potential flow. I. Numerical solutions

1960 ◽  
Vol 255 (1280) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Flow ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Approximation Solution ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Bernoulli’S Equation ◽  
First Approximation

The subsonic potential flow equations for a perfect gas are transformed by means of dependent variables s = ( ρ / ρ 0 ) n q/ a 0 and σ = 1/2 In ( ρ 0 / ρ ), where q is the local velocity, ρ and a the local density and speed of sound, and the suffix 0 indicates stagnation conditions, n is a parameter which is to be chosen to optimize the approximations. Bernoulli’s equation then becomes a relation between s 2 and σ which is independent of initial conditions. A family of first-approximation solutions in terms of the incompressible solution is obtained on linearizing. It is shown that for two-dimensional flow, the choice n = 0∙5 gives results as accurate as those obtained with the Karman—Tsien solution. The exact equations are then transformed into the plane of the incompressible velocity potential and stream function and the first-approximation results substituted in the non ­linear terms. The resulting second-approximation equations can then be solved by a relaxation method and the error in this approximation estimated by carrying out the third-approximation solution. Results are given for a circular cylinder at a free-stream Mach number, M ∞ = 0∙4, and a sphere at M ∞ = 0∙5. The error in the velocity distribution is shown to be less than ±1 % in the two-dimensional case. A rough and ready compressibility rule is formulated for axisymmetric bodies, dependent on their thickness ratios.

QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITIONS AND EVENT HORIZONS: CONDENSED MATTER ANALOGIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 2647-2650
Author(s):  
GEORGE CHAPLINE
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Quantum Phase Transitions ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Quantum Phase ◽  
Event Horizons ◽  
Heavy Fermion Materials

Although it has been generally believed that classical general relativity is always correct for macroscopic length scales, certain predictions such as event horizons and closed time-like curves are inconsistent with ordinary quantum mechanics. It has recently been pointed out that the event horizon problem can be resolved if space-time undergoes a quantum phase transition as one approaches the surface where general relativity predicts that the redshift becomes infinite. Indeed a thought experiment involving a superfluid with a critical point makes such a suggestion appear plausible. Furthermore the behavior of space-time near an event horizon may resemble quantum phase transitions that have been observed in the laboratory. For example, the phenomenology of metamagnetic quantum critical points in heavy fermion materials resembles the behavior expected, both in terms of time standing still and the behavior of quantum correlation functions. Martensitic transformations accompanied by non-adiabatic changes in the electronic wave function are also interesting in this connection.

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