THE APPLICATION OF FULL SCALE 3D ANTHROPOMETRIC DIGITAL MODEL SYSTEM IN RADIOTHERAPY POSITIONING AND VERIFICATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUH-PING SUN ◽  
CHING-JUNG WU
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model System ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Optical Scanning

The full scale 3D Anthropometric Digital Model system is a technique combining digital imaging, three-dimensional (3D) image processing and reverse engineering to produce a full-scale solid Anthropometric Digital Model. This paper describes the Anthropometric Digital Model being made and used in radiation treatment. By using computed tomography and optical scanning, the data required for the Anthropometric Digital Model is collected. Through surface reconstruction, a model of the patient skull is made, after which rapid prototyping and rapid tooling is applied to acquire a 1:1 solid model. Thus, without the patient needing to be present, the medical physicist or dosimetrist will be able to design a treatment plan tailored to the patient and to simulate all kinds of situations on the simulator and the linear accelerator for positioning and verification. We expect that the application of Anthropometric Digital Model can reduce the time spent on pretreatment procedures in radiotherapy and enhance the quality of health care for cancer patients.

THE APPLICATION OF FULL-SCALE 3D ANTHROPOMETRIC DIGITAL MODEL SYSTEM ON BREAST RECONSTRUCTION OF PLASTIC SURGERIES

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUH-PING SUN ◽  
JING-SHYR CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Model System ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
3D Image

A full-scale 3D anthropometric digital model system is a set of technology that combined with 3D digital imaging system, computer 3D image processing system, reverse engineering and Computer-Aided Design. The purpose of this studied is to make a full size solid breast model by using the 1:1 anthropometric digital model technique to assist breast reconstruction plastic surgery colon the same size of symmetrical breast of the patient. The full-sized simulating breast model created in this studied not only can assist plastic surgeons by making more symmetric breasts on the other side during the reconstruction of the breast surgeries, but also can go into a process of analyzing if the two sides of the breasts are symmetrical. This studied is used the 3D optics scanner to scan on patients' breasts to obtain the breast 3D image data and then used reverse engineering technique and CAD software to simulate and to analyze the 3D image model of the reconstruction breasts. If this type of solid model is needed during the medical treatment, it can apply 3D digital data into a Rapid Prototyping machine to make the full-sized solid model. Doctors can using this solid model go into a process of evaluation and planning before the surgeries and consider being an important reference on breast reconstruction surgeries so that it can reduce patients' inconvenience and promote the medical treatment qualities.

scholarly journals A patient-specific computational model of hypoxia-modulated radiation resistance in glioblastoma using 18 F-FMISO-PET

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Rockne ◽  
Andrew D. Trister ◽  
Joshua Jacobs ◽  
Andrea J. Hawkins-Daarud ◽  
Maxwell L. Neal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Primary Brain Tumour ◽  
The Brain

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive primary brain tumour that has poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. A hallmark of these tumours is diffuse invasion into the surrounding brain, necessitating a multi-modal treatment approach, including surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. We have previously demonstrated the ability of our model to predict radiographic response immediately following radiation therapy in individual GBM patients using a simplified geometry of the brain and theoretical radiation dose. Using only two pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans, we calculate net rates of proliferation and invasion as well as radiation sensitivity for a patient's disease. Here, we present the application of our clinically targeted modelling approach to a single glioblastoma patient as a demonstration of our method. We apply our model in the full three-dimensional architecture of the brain to quantify the effects of regional resistance to radiation owing to hypoxia in vivo determined by [ 18 F]-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) and the patient-specific three-dimensional radiation treatment plan. Incorporation of hypoxia into our model with FMISO-PET increases the model–data agreement by an order of magnitude. This improvement was robust to our definition of hypoxia or the degree of radiation resistance quantified with the FMISO-PET image and our computational model, respectively. This work demonstrates a useful application of patient-specific modelling in personalized medicine and how mathematical modelling has the potential to unify multi-modality imaging and radiation treatment planning.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

Towards Predicting Relative Belt Edge Endurance With the Finite Element Method

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Eskinazi ◽  
K. Ishihara ◽  
H. Volk ◽  
T. C. Warholic
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Shear Deformations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Element Method

Abstract The paper describes the intention of the authors to determine whether it is possible to predict relative belt edge endurance for radial passenger car tires using the finite element method. Three groups of tires with different belt edge configurations were tested on a fleet test in an attempt to validate predictions from the finite element results. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element analysis was first used to determine if the results from such an analysis, with emphasis on the shear deformations between the belts, could be used to predict a relative ranking for belt edge endurance. It is shown that such an analysis can lead to erroneous conclusions. A three-dimensional analysis in which tires are modeled under free rotation and static vertical loading was performed next. This approach resulted in an improvement in the quality of the correlations. The differences in the predicted values of various stress analysis parameters for the three belt edge configurations are studied and their implication on predicting belt edge endurance is discussed.

Classification of methods for generating pseudo-CT from MRI images for MRI-alone RT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
BOUKELLOUZ Wafa ◽  
MOUSSAOUI Abdelouahab
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Therapy Field ◽  
The Brain

Background: Since the last decades, research have been oriented towards an MRI-alone radiation treatment planning (RTP), where MRI is used as the primary modality for imaging, delineation and dose calculation by assigning to it the needed electron density (ED) information. The idea is to create a computed tomography (CT) image or so-called pseudo-CT from MRI data. In this paper, we review and classify methods for creating pseudo-CT images from MRI data. Each class of methods is explained and a group of works in the literature is presented in detail with statistical performance. We discuss the advantages, drawbacks and limitations of each class of methods. Methods: We classified most recent works in deriving a pseudo-CT from MR images into four classes: segmentation-based, intensity-based, atlas-based and hybrid methods. We based the classification on the general technique applied in the approach. Results: Most of research focused on the brain and the pelvis regions. The mean absolute error (MAE) ranged from 80 HU to 137 HU and from 36.4 HU to 74 HU for the brain and pelvis, respectively. In addition, an interest in the Dixon MR sequence is increasing since it has the advantage of producing multiple contrast images with a single acquisition. Conclusion: Radiation therapy field is emerging towards the generalization of MRI-only RT thanks to the advances in techniques for generation of pseudo-CT images. However, a benchmark is needed to set in common performance metrics to assess the quality of the generated pseudo-CT and judge on the efficiency of a certain method.

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