A Computational Simulation of the Cognitive Process of Children Knowledge Acquisition and Memory Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Jeff Bancroft ◽  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Brain

The cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation, memory establishment, and learning are fundamental issues in understanding the brain. A basic approach to studying these mental processes is to observe and simulate how knowledge is memorized by little children. This paper presents a simulation tool for knowledge acquisition and memory development for young children of two to five years old. The cognitive mechanisms of memory, the mathematical model of concepts and knowledge, and the fundamental elements of internal knowledge representation are explored. The cognitive processes of children’s memory and knowledge development are described based on concept algebra and the object-attribute-relation (OAR) model. The design of the simulation tool for children’s knowledge acquisition and memory development is presented with the graphical representor of memory and the dynamic concept network of knowledge. Applications of the simulation tool are described by case studies on children’s knowledge acquisition about family members, relatives, and transportation. This work is a part of the development of cognitive computers that mimic human knowledge processing and autonomous learning.

A Computational Simulation of the Cognitive Process of Children Knowledge Acquisition and Memory Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Bancroft ◽  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Brain

The cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation, memory establishment, and learning are fundamental issues in understanding the brain. A basic approach to studying these mental processes is to observe and simulate how knowledge is memorized by little children. This paper presents a simulation tool for knowledge acquisition and memory development for young children of two to five years old. The cognitive mechanisms of memory, the mathematical model of concepts and knowledge, and the fundamental elements of internal knowledge representation are explored. The cognitive processes of children’s memory and knowledge development are described based on concept algebra and the object-attribute-relation (OAR) model. The design of the simulation tool for children’s knowledge acquisition and memory development is presented with the graphical representor of memory and the dynamic concept network of knowledge. Applications of the simulation tool are described by case studies on children’s knowledge acquisition about family members, relatives, and transportation. This work is a part of the development of cognitive computers that mimic human knowledge processing and autonomous learning.

Diagnosis as a Detriment: A Cognitive Approach to Understanding the Depressive Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Hy Einstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Brain

Depression is currently understood within a biomedical paradigm. This paradigm is an example of reductionism; people are clinically diagnosed and categorized based on behavior and affect, while they are then prescribed psychotropic medications based on an inconclusively correlated neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain. In this article, clinical diagnosis and labeling are explored with respect to their detrimental potential. A framework of embodied cognition is used to conceptualize a cognitive model of depressive experience. This theoretical model explores the potentially self-reinforcing cognitive mechanisms behind a depressive experience, with the goal of highlighting the possibility of diagnosis as a detrimental influence on these mechanisms. The aim of this article is to further a discussion about our current mental health care paradigm and provide an explanation as to how it could cause harm to some. Clinical applications of the model are also discussed pertaining to the potential of rendering formal dichotomist diagnoses irrelevant to the ultimate goal of helping people feel better.

Creativity from paradoxical experience: a theory of how individuals achieve creativity while adopting paradoxical frames

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Calic ◽  
Sebastien Hélie ◽  
Nick Bontis ◽  
Elaine Mosakowski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeExtant paradox theory suggests that adopting paradoxical frames, which are mental templates adopted by individuals in order to embrace contradictions, will result in superior firm performance. Superior performance is achieved through learning and creativity, fostering flexibility and resilience and unleashing human capital. The creativity mechanism of paradox theory is limited by a few propositions and a rough underlying theoretical logic. Using the extant theoretical base as a platform, the paper aims to develop a more powerful theory using a computational simulation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on a psychologically realistic computer simulation. Using a simulation to generate ideas from stored information, one can model and manipulate the parameters that have been shown to mediate the relationship between paradoxes and creative output – defined as the number of creative ideas generated.FindingsSimulation results suggest that the relationship between paradoxical frames and creative output is non-monotonic – contrary to previous studies. Indeed, findings suggest that paradoxical frames can reduce, rather than enhance, creative output, in at least some cases.Originality/valueAn important benefit of adopting paradoxical frames is their capacity to increase creative output. This assumption is challenging to test, because one cannot measure private cognitive processes related to knowledge creation. However, they can be simulated. This allows for the extension of current theory. This new theory depicts a more complete relationship between paradoxical frames and creativity by accounting for subjective differences in how paradoxical frames are experienced along two cognitive mechanisms – differentiation and integration.

scholarly journals Powrócić do początku, czyli jak kultura maskuje swoją zmienność?

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kajfosz
Keyword(s):  
National Identities ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory

Return to the beginnings, or how culture masks its changes? The aim of this essay is to describe cognitive mechanisms on which imagined intersubjectively important continuities and discontinuities in culture are based, and thus allow creating and transforming collective identities. The author uses tools of phenomenology and semiotics to provide answers to a few questions concerning cognitive mechanisms of memory and symbolic violence as well as the ways in which culture can change and adapt to current socio-political needs. These issues pertain also to nation and national identities. Powrócić do początku, czyli jak kultura maskuje swoją zmienność? Celem przyczynku jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, na jakich kognitywnych mechanizmach opiera się konstruowanie wyobrażonych, intersubiektywnie ważnych ciągłości i nieciągłości w kulturze, będących podstawą tworzenia i przetwarzania tożsamości zbiorowych. Posługując się narzędziami fenomenologii i semiotyki, autor chce dostarczyć odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: Na podstawie jakich kognitywnych mechanizmów pamięć – wraz z jej społecznymi ramami – może się dostosowywać do aktualnie ważnych społeczno-politycznych potrzeb? Na jakich kognitywnych mechanizmach opiera się przemoc symboliczna? W jaki sposób kultura potrafi eliminować pamięć o własnych przemianach? – Propozycje zawierające się w artykule wskazują na retoryczny (perswazyjny), legitymizacyjny i światotwórczy – czyli pragmatyczny – wymiar konotacji, a zwłaszcza „zgęszczeń konotacji” nazywanych przez R. Barthesa mitem. Podstawową funkcję eksplanacyjną w odniesieniu do pytań o kognitywne mechanizmy społecznego konstruowania przeszłości (inaczej: „początku”) oprócz konotacji mają tu takie kategorie, jak percepcja magiczna i myślenie magiczne.

Semantic and Formal Representation of Cognitive Models for the Metacognitive Architecture CARINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Alba J. Jerónimo ◽  
María P. Barrera ◽  
Manuel F. Caro ◽  
Adán A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

A cognitive model is a computational model of internal information processing mechanisms of the brain for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. CARINA metacognitive architecture runs cognitive models. However, CARINA does not currently have mechanisms to store and learn from cognitive models executed in the past. Semantic knowledge representation is a field of study which concentrates on using formal symbols to a collection of propositions, objects, object properties, and relations among objects. In CARINA Beliefs are a form of represent the semantic knowledge. The aim of this chapter is to formally describe a CARINA-based cognitive model through of denotational mathematics and to represent these models using a technique of semantic knowledge representation called beliefs. All the knowledge received by CARINA is stored in the semantic memory in the form of beliefs. Thus, a cognitive model represented through beliefs will be ready to be stored in semantic memory of the metacognitive architecture CARINA. Finally, an illustrative example is presented.

Unveiling the Cognitive Mechanisms of Eyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
Internal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Knowledge ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

Eyes as the unique organ possess intensively direct connections to the brain and dynamically perceptual accessibility to the mind. This paper analyzes the cognitive mechanisms of eyes not only as the sensory of vision, but also the browser of internal memory in thinking and perception. The browse function of eyes is created by abstract conditioning of the eye's tracking pathway for accessing internal memories, which enables eye movements to function as the driver of the perceptive thinking engine of the brain. The dual mechanisms of the eyes as both the external sensor of the brain and the internal browser of the mind are explained based on evidences and cognitive experiences in cognitive informatics, neuropsychology, cognitive science, and brain science. The finding on the experiment's internal browsing mechanism of eyes reveals a crucial role of eyes interacting with the brain for accessing internal memory and the cognitive knowledge base in thinking, perception, attention, consciousness, learning, memorization, and inference.

Emotions and reward – but no arousal?

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-218
Author(s):  
Holger Ursin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

This commentary argues for the inclusion of the neurophysiological arousal concept to help understanding the brain mechanisms of emotions and reward and the cognitive mechanisms involved.

Music and Movement

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-61
Author(s):  
Jay Schulkin
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
The Brain

Music and movement go together in every human society: “music to my feet,” as it were. The human condition, particularly human emotional expression, is linked to music. Indeed, movement and a sense of time are intimately connected, and the brain is prepared to detect movement, both familiar and unfamiliar. Our sense of self is tied to movement. Aesthetic sense is a feature of the way we come prepared to interpret the world. Such aesthetics are historically variable and rich when the ecological conditions are suitable. Aesthetic judgment reflects our cognitive flexibility, and our extension and use of specific cognitive mechanisms to widen domains of human expression. Music evolved in the context of social contact and meaning. Music continues to allow us to reach out to others and expand our human experience toward and with others. This process began with sounds and expanded into song and instrumental music.

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