A Formal Investigation of Semantic Interoperability of HCLS Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 148-183
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sahay ◽  
Antoine Zimmermann ◽  
Ronan Fox ◽  
Axel Polleres ◽  
Manfred Hauswirth
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Local Information ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Semantic interoperability facilitates Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLS) systems in connecting stakeholders at various levels as well as ensuring seamless use of healthcare resources. Their scope ranges from local to regional, national and cross-border. The use of semantics in delivering interoperable solution for HCLS systems is weakened by fact that an Ontology Based Information System (OBIS) has restrictions in modeling, aggregating, and interpreting global knowledge in conjunction with local information (e.g., policy, profiles). This chapter presents an example-scenario that shows such limitations and recognizes that enabling two key features, namely the type and scope of knowledge, within a knowledge base could enhance the overall effectiveness of an OBIS. This chapter provides the idea of separating knowledge bases in types with scope (e.g., global or local) of applicability. Then, it proposes two concrete solutions on this general notion. Finally, the chapter describes open research issues that may be of interest to knowledge system developers and broader research community.

A Formal Investigation of Semantic Interoperability of HCLS Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 177-208
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sahay ◽  
Antoine Zimmermann ◽  
Ronan Fox ◽  
Axel Polleres ◽  
Manfred Hauswirth
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Local Information ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Semantic interoperability facilitates Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLS) systems in connecting stakeholders at various levels as well as ensuring seamless use of healthcare resources. Their scope ranges from local to regional, national and cross-border. The use of semantics in delivering interoperable solution for HCLS systems is weakened by fact that an Ontology Based Information System (OBIS) has restrictions in modeling, aggregating, and interpreting global knowledge in conjunction with local information (e.g., policy, profiles). This chapter presents an example-scenario that shows such limitations and recognizes that enabling two key features, namely the type and scope of knowledge, within a knowledge base could enhance the overall effectiveness of an OBIS. This chapter provides the idea of separating knowledge bases in types with scope (e.g., global or local) of applicability. Then, it proposes two concrete solutions on this general notion. Finally, the chapter describes open research issues that may be of interest to knowledge system developers and broader research community.

Legal Knowledge Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Representation Techniques

There are many conceptions of e-governance (Malkia, Anttiroiko, & Savolainen, 2004; Reinermann & Lucke, 2002). Our view is that e-governance is about the use of information and communications technology to improve the quality and efficiency of all phases of the life cycle of legislation. In this conception, computer models of legislation play a central role. We use the term “model” in a broad way, to cover every kind of data model of legislation or metadata about legislation, at various levels of abstraction or detail, including full text, hypertext, diagrams and other visualization methods, and legal knowledge-bases using Artificial Intelligence knowledge representation techniques. The appropriate kind of model depends on the particular task to be supported. In this article, the focus will be on the use of legal knowledge systems (LKS) to support the implementation phase of the life cycle of legislation. Legal Knowledge Systems are also known as legal knowledge-based systems (LKBS). LKS can greatly improve the correctness, consistency, transparency and, last but not least, the efficiency of the administration of complex legislation. The rest of this article is organized as follows. The next section explains the relevance of legal knowledge systems for governance. This is followed by a section motivating the use of LKS to support tasks in the implementation phase of the life cycle of legislation and providing a brief introduction to LKS technology. Next, various application scenarios for implementing public policy and legislation using LKS are discussed. Although research on technology for legal knowledge systems continues, it is a mature technology with many impressive applications in regular use by public administration. The article concludes by reiterating its main points and identifying open research issues.

scholarly journals Efficient Results in Semantic Interoperability for Health Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
J. Charlet ◽  
L. F. Soualmia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Semantic Interoperability ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Activities

Summary Objectives: To summarize excellent current research in the field of Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM) within the health and medical care domain. Method: We provide a synopsis of the 2016 IMIA selected articles as well as a related synthetic overview of the current and future field activities. A first step of the selection was performed through MEDLINE querying with a list of MeSH descriptors completed by a list of terms adapted to the KRM section. The second step of the selection was completed by the two section editors who separately evaluated the set of 1,432 articles. The third step of the selection consisted of a collective work that merged the evaluation results to retain 15 articles for peer-review. Results: The selection and evaluation process of this Yearbook’s section on Knowledge Representation and Management has yielded four excellent and interesting articles regarding semantic interoperability for health care by gathering heterogeneous sources (knowledge and data) and auditing ontologies. In the first article, the authors present a solution based on standards and Semantic Web technologies to access distributed and heterogeneous datasets in the domain of breast cancer clinical trials. The second article describes a knowledge-based recommendation system that relies on ontologies and Semantic Web rules in the context of chronic diseases dietary. The third article is related to concept-recognition and text-mining to derive common human diseases model and a phenotypic network of common diseases. In the fourth article, the authors highlight the need for auditing the SNOMED CT. They propose to use a crowd-based method for ontology engineering. Conclusions: The current research activities further illustrate the continuous convergence of Knowledge Representation and Medical Informatics, with a focus this year on dedicated tools and methods to advance clinical care by proposing solutions to cope with the problem of semantic interoperability. Indeed, there is a need for powerful tools able to manage and interpret complex, large-scale and distributed datasets and knowledge bases, but also a need for user-friendly tools developed for the clinicians in their daily practice.

Question Answering in Restricted Domains: An Overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mollá ◽  
José Luis Vicedo
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Text Collections ◽  
Restricted Domains

Automated question answering has been a topic of research and development since the earliest AI applications. Computing power has increased since the first such systems were developed, and the general methodology has changed from the use of hand-encoded knowledge bases about simple domains to the use of text collections as the main knowledge source over more complex domains. Still, many research issues remain. The focus of this article is on the use of restricted domains for automated question answering. The article contains a historical perspective on question answering over restricted domains and an overview of the current methods and applications used in restricted domains. A main characteristic of question answering in restricted domains is the integration of domain-specific information that is either developed for question answering or that has been developed for other purposes. We explore the main methods developed to leverage this domain-specific information.

scholarly journals Peer Instruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. fe5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Knight ◽  
Cynthia J. Brame
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Peer Instruction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Teaching Guide ◽  
Class Environment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Impact

Peer instruction, a form of active learning, is generally defined as an opportunity for peers to discuss ideas or to share answers to questions in an in-class environment, where they also have opportunities for further interactions with their instructor. When implementing peer instruction, instructors have many choices to make about group design, assignment format, and grading, among others. Ideally, these choices can be informed by research about the impact of these components of peer instruction on student learning. This essay describes an online, evidence-based teaching guide published by CBE—Life Sciences Education at http://lse.ascb.org/evidence-based-teaching-guides/peer-instruction . The guide provides condensed summaries of key research findings organized by teaching choices, summaries of and links to research articles and other resources, and actionable advice in the form of a checklist for instructors. In addition to describing key features of the guide, this essay also identifies areas in which further empirical studies are warranted.

A FRAMEWORK FOR HANDLING LOGICAL INCONSISTENCIES IN THE FUSION OF BOOLEAN KNOWLEDGE BASES

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
ÉRIC GRÉGOIRE ◽  
DU ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Fixpoint Semantics ◽  
Algorithmic Techniques

In this paper, a framework for fusing several Boolean knowledge bases together is presented. The focus is on detecting inconsistencies and overcoming them so that a consistent global knowledge base is obtained. The framework is based on two cornerstones: detecting inconsistencies using algorithmic techniques to compute minimally unsatisfiable sub-formulas, and adopting a logic-based weakening approach to restore consistency for the fused knowledge. The dynamics in the framework in terms of both model-theoretic and the fixpoint semantics is then investigated.

scholarly journals Research Issues Involving the Biology of Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Edelson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Autism Research ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Male To Female

This article provides an overview and discussion on many of the major topics currently discussed in the autism research community. These topics include: prevalence, male-to-female ratio, diagnosis, genetics, environmental factors, neurology, medical comorbidities, sensory processing, and behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of future research in the field of autism.

scholarly journals “To Infinity and Beyond!”: Inner Tensions in Global Knowledge Infrastructures Lead to Local and Pro-active ‘Location’ Information

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Ayelet Shavit ◽  
Yael Silver
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Biodiversity Knowledge ◽  
Active Location ◽  
Biodiversity Database ◽  
Global Standardization ◽  
Memory Practices

We follow two biodiversity knowledge infrastructures that hold conceptual and practical inner tensions, and we argue that some of these diffi culties emerge from overlooking local information and different understandings of the term location. The ambiguity emerges from two basic concepts of space – exogenous and interactionist – that are both necessary yet readily suggest inconsistent practices – global standardization and local fl exibility – to organize location records. Researchers in both infrastructures fi rst standardized, digitized and globalized their records, then discovered inner tensions, and fi nally alternated between globally interoperable and locally fl exible records. Our story suggests a broader lesson: since both types of ‘location’ information are necessary; and since vast resources were already invested in globalizing knowledge infrastructures; then investing in local knowledge infrastructures and in alternating between both types of memory practices seems the most rational option, and a good way to resist epistemic injustice affl icting local knowledge in peripheral localities.Keywords: biodiversity, database, epistemic-injustice

scholarly journals eBat: A Technology-enriched Life Sciences Research Community

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Marlo Nordt ◽  
Josh Meisner ◽  
Ranjeet Dongaonkar ◽  
Christopher Quick ◽  
Sarah Gatson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Research Community
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