Bangla Braille Adaptation

2013 ◽  
pp. 16-34
Author(s):  
Syed Akhter Hossain ◽  
Fakhruddin Muhammad Mahbub-ul-Islam ◽  
Samiul Azam ◽  
Ahamad Imtiaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Automated Information System ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Braille, a tactile writing system, is used by visually impaired and partially sighted people for reading and writing in everyday life. Visually impaired persons in Bangladesh are deprived of basic education due to inadequate textbooks and sufficient reading materials written in Bangla Braille. This is widening the knowledge gap and disparity within the society with progress of time. In order to improve this scenario, an automated information system for facilitating machine translation of Bangla text to readable and recognizable Braille code is essential. In this book chapter, a detailed research on Bangla Braille has been accomplished and necessary grammatical rules as well as conventions are identified for rule-based Bangla Braille translation. Through the analysis of investigations, a computational model is proposed using Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) for the machine translation. The proposed DFA demonstrated very acceptable conversion, which is validated by the visually impaired community. Based on the computational model, another software architecture is also proposed for the implementation of machine translation of Bangla to Braille using open source technology. The translator is tested with Bangla Unicode-based text contents, and the generated Braille code is validated after printing in the Braille printer. The performance of the conversion of Bangla to Braille code has been found accurate and also free from grammatical errors.

scholarly journals Information Technology and Transcription of Reading Materials for the Visually Impaired Persons in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nkiko ◽  
Morayo I. Atinmo ◽  
Happiness Chijioke Michael-Onuoha ◽  
Julie E. Ilogho ◽  
Michael O. Fagbohun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Studies have shown inadequate reading materials for the visually impaired in Nigeria. Information technology has greatly advanced the provision of information to the visually impaired in other industrialized climes. This study investigated the extent of application of information technology to the transcription of reading materials for the visually impaired in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design of the ex-post facto to select 470 personnel as respondents. A questionnaire titled Information Technology Use Scale (α=0.74), and Interview Schedule (α=0.75), were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings indicate that information technology in transcription was low and a significant positive relationship between application of information technology and transcription of information materials (r=0.62: p<0.05). The study recommended among others that Multi-National Corporations should be sensitized to extend their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities to help in procuring modern information technology devices and software to enhance transcription.

Approaches to Increasing Assertive Behavior and Communication Skills in Blind and Visually Impaired Persons

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Rona L. Harrell ◽  
Felice A. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
Structured Intervention ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
Assertion Training ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Many visually impaired individuals are found to be too passive or too aggressive in their social interactions. Lack of assertive behavior is related to the concept of learned helplessness. Components of assertive behavior are described with suggestions for enabling the visually impaired person to develop these skills. The underlying concepts of assertion training are explained along with specific techniques to be utilized in the school or rehabilitative setting. With a structured intervention resulting in improved assertiveness skills, blind or partially sighted individuals can increase their effectiveness in communicating with others and can feel more in control of their lives.

Visual Impairment is Not Blindness

1971 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

□ Visual impairment is not necessarily blindness and the requirements of visually impaired persons are in many ways significantly different from those of blind persons. All too often agencies for the blind have not distinguished between these different requirements in providing services. The essential difference is that blind persons must rely on their other senses in order to function, while partially sighted persons must be helped to use whatever vision they have in coordination with their other senses. In providing services to partially sighted persons, the following basic principles should be considered: 1) Full service requires the cooperation of medical, physical, and behavioral specialists; 2) Services for partially sighted clients should be individualized on the basis of their differences in degree and quality of sight; 3) Whatever vision the client has should be augmented or strengthened through either mechanical or physical means; and 4) Clients should be helped to enhance their perception to its maximum functional potential.

Technology Training and Empowerment for the Visually Impaired: Kenya Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 736-744
Author(s):  
Charles Michael Were
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

A key goal of education for any country is to make sure that every pupil has a chance to excel, both in school and life. Increasingly, a child’s success in school will determine his success as an adult; will determine whether he/she goes to college, what profession that he/she enters and how much they are paid. Kenya’s education system has laid emphasis on a cluster of science subjects that must be passed for one to be placed in a meaningful course at tertiary level, university and finally employment. The Visually impaired child has been disadvantaged and this  study therefore  tried  to   investigate why there are more street beggars who are  Visually  impaired as compared  to other  persons  with disabilities in the Kenyan major towns. The study was conducted in the three towns within Kenya, namely: Kisumu, Nakuru and Nairobi. The study population was 145, and a purposive sampling was used to select the 60 respondents. The study found that the Visually impaired persons who were beggars on the street had basic education at primary level and some had form four certificate, however they had failed to gain any meaningful employment due to the growing need of technology in the work place and the increasing interest in the role of information and communication technologies for one to be employed. The study also found that as much as there is an increasing effort by the Government to have computer studies for all schools in Kenya. The Jaw’s programme is lacking in those computers and therefore the visually impaired learners have not had an access to computer education and hence the mass influx of beggars.  The study recommends that of the schools where the Visually impaired learners are in inclusive education, there should be at least two computers with a Jaw programme to help the Visually impaired have an access in computer literacy and hence employment opportunity. The study also recommends that the street beggars with form four educations should be given vocational training with information technology so as to empower them with the current basic skills to compete favourable with other job seekers.

Professional functioning of people with visual impairment – determinants and possibilities of support

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Beata Szabała
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Function ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Partially Sighted ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Work plays a significant role in every person’s life. In the literature of the subject it is highlighted that persons with visual impairment ascribe a greater role to it than persons without disabilities, which is undoubtedly related to a therapeutic function of work. Even though visually impaired persons or partly sighted ones are capable of performing many jobs and holding various positions, their professional activity may take different forms. Therefore, it is worth taking a closer look at the factors determining effective functioning of people with visual impairment in the researched area. Based on the bibliographic review, the article focuses on the analysis of factors such as socio-demographic and medical ones, personal resources and skills possessed, to name but a few. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the opportunities for the support of professional activities undertaken by visually impaired and partially sighted people.

scholarly journals A Survey on Mathematical Software Tools for Visually Impaired Persons: A Practical Perspective

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Paul Mejia ◽  
Luiz Cesar Martini ◽  
Felipe Grijalva ◽  
Julio Cesar Larco ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Mathematical Software ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

scholarly journals Conveying facial expressions to blind and visually impaired persons through a wearable vibrotactile device

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0194737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. Buimer ◽  
Marian Bittner ◽  
Tjerk Kostelijk ◽  
Thea M. van der Geest ◽  
Abdellatif Nemri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Computerized Image Enhancement for Visually Impaired Persons: New Technology, New Possibilities

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-854
Author(s):  
E. Pell ◽  
L. E. Arend ◽  
G. T. Timberlake
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Degradation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
Made In

Patients with age-related visual loss suffer reduced ability to recognize faces and other scenes in photographs and on television. Recently, progress has been made in image enhancement, using controlled distortion of digitally stored images that increases their usefulness in particular applications. Described are two approaches to image enhancement for the visually impaired. In one approach, the visual losses that characterize individual patients and disease classes are described using detailed measurements of visual degradation transfer functions, which are profiles of loss of image information at various spatial scales. The particular distortion used for image enhancement is then adjusted to the impairment of the individual patient or disease class. A second approach takes advantage of the resemblance between the visual losses of many patients and the degradation of picture information in other applications due to external limitations (e.g., fog and haze) on photography. Several enhancement algorithms have been found useful with such images and may also improve picture recognition by the visually impaired.

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