Image Analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Detlev Droege
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Time Performance

This chapter focuses on the image processing part of eye tracking systems. Basic knowledge of image processing is assumed. After an overview of the possible input images and some remarks on preprocessing of the images, we will focus on the detection relevant features such as pupils and glints. The last part of this chapter focuses on estimating positions of these features. It is not possible to present a comprehensive solution for an eye tracker in this chapter; however, we will indicate possible yet simplified methods in the different steps of processing and demonstrate how images can be processed to obtain real-time performance. The program code is given in Matlab (Octave) language for clarity.

Image Analysis

2012 ◽  
pp. 296-309
Author(s):  
Detlev Droege
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Program Code ◽  
Time Performance

This chapter focuses on the image processing part of eye tracking systems. Basic knowledge of image processing is assumed. After an overview of the possible input images and some remarks on preprocessing of the images, we will focus on the detection relevant features such as pupils and glints. The last part of this chapter focuses on estimating positions of these features. It is not possible to present a comprehensive solution for an eye tracker in this chapter; however, we will indicate possible yet simplified methods in the different steps of processing and demonstrate how images can be processed to obtain real-time performance. The program code is given in Matlab (Octave) language for clarity.

scholarly journals Real–Time Eye Tracking and Iris Localization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniza Razalli ◽  
Rahmita Wirza O. K. Rahmat ◽  
Ramlan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Circle Fitting ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Eye Detection ◽  
Iris Localization ◽  
Point Detection ◽  
Human Eyes

Masalah sistem pengesanan mata yang tegar tanpa sebarang gangguan adalah satu isu yang penting dan mencabar di dalam bidang visi komputer. Masalah ini bukan hanya mengurangkan masalah dalam carian ciri–ciri paras rupa untuk proses pengecaman tetapi juga boleh digunakan untuk memudahkan tugas pengenalpastian dan interaksi antara manusia dan sistem komputer. Walaupun kebanyakan hasil kerja terdahulu telah pun mempunyai keupayaan menentukan lokasi mata manusia tetapi objektif utama rencana ini bukan tertumpu kepada pengesanan mata sahaja. Objektif kajian adalah untuk merekabentuk sebuah sistem masa nyata dan terperinci, iaitu sistem pengesanan muka berskala dengan ciri–ciri petunjuk pergerakan mata berdasarkan pergerakan anak mata (iris) dengan mengunakan teknik penempatan yang terhasil daripada teknik pemprosesan imej dan teknik muatan bulatan. Hasil daripada kajian ini telah pun berjaya diimplimentasikan menggunakan kamera web dengan ralat yang minimum. Kata kunci: Pengesanan mata masa nyata; penempatan anak mata; pemprosesan imej; pengesanan bucu; muatan bulatan Robust, non–intrusive human eye detection problem has been a fundamental and challenging problem for computer vision area. Not only it is a problem of its own, it can be used to ease the problem of finding the locations of other facial features for recognition tasks and human–computer interaction purposes as well. Many previous works have the capability of determining the locations of the human eyes but the main task in this paper is not only a vision system with eye detection capability. Our aim is to design a real–time face tracker system and iris localization using edge point detection method indicates from image processing and circle fitting technique. As a result, our eye tracker system was successfully implemented using non–intrusive webcam with less error. Key words: Real–time face tracking; iris localization; image processing; edge detection; circle fitting

Evaluating Eye Tracking Systems for Computer Input

2012 ◽  
pp. 205-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Scott MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Interaction Function ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Input Channel ◽  
Computer Input

When a human uses an eye tracker for computer control, the eye is called upon to do ‘double duty’. Not only is it an important sensory input channel, it also provides motor responses to control the computer. This chapter discusses methods of evaluating the interaction. When an eye tracker is used for computer input, how well does the interaction function? Can common tasks be carried out efficiently, quickly, accurately? What is the user’s experience? How are alternative interaction methods evaluated and compared to identify those that work well, and deserve further study, and those that work poorly, and should be discarded? These are the sorts of questions that can be answered with a valid and robust methodology for evaluating eye trackers for computer input.

Safety Issues and Infrared Light

2012 ◽  
pp. 336-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Mulvey ◽  
Arantxa Villanueva ◽  
David Sliney ◽  
Robert Lange ◽  
Michael Donegan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Test House ◽  
Ir Light

Infrared light is the most common choice for illumination of the eye in current eye trackers, usually produced via IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This chapter provides an overview of the potential hazards of over-exposure to infrared light, the safety standards currently in place, configurations and lighting conditions employed by various eye tracking systems, the basics of measurement of IR light sources in eye trackers, and special considerations associated with continuous exposure in the case of gaze control for communication and disabled users. It should be emphasised that any eye tracker intended for production should undergo testing by qualified professionals at a recognised test house, in a controlled laboratory setting. However, some knowledge of the measurement procedures and issues involved should be useful to designers and users of eye tracking systems.

Safety Issues and Infrared Light

2013 ◽  
pp. 1062-1083
Author(s):  
Fiona Mulvey ◽  
Arantxa Villanueva ◽  
David Sliney ◽  
Robert Lange ◽  
Michael Donegan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Test House ◽  
Ir Light

Infrared light is the most common choice for illumination of the eye in current eye trackers, usually produced via IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This chapter provides an overview of the potential hazards of over-exposure to infrared light, the safety standards currently in place, configurations and lighting conditions employed by various eye tracking systems, the basics of measurement of IR light sources in eye trackers, and special considerations associated with continuous exposure in the case of gaze control for communication and disabled users. It should be emphasised that any eye tracker intended for production should undergo testing by qualified professionals at a recognised test house, in a controlled laboratory setting. However, some knowledge of the measurement procedures and issues involved should be useful to designers and users of eye tracking systems.

A Technology of Composite Real-Time Image Processing of Profile Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 4884-4888
Author(s):  
Tian Ze Li ◽  
Ke Ping Hu ◽  
Luan Hou ◽  
Chuan Jiang ◽  
Heng Wei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Real Time Image Processing ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Image Area ◽  
Time Image

This paper, innovative approaches are based on laser scanning and image analysis, presents an efficient composite technique for object profile extraction with real-time image processing. High throughput is obtained by algorithmic prefiltering to restrict the image area, while high accuracy is achieved by neural recontruction of the profile.

Image Processing Units on Ultra-low-cost Embedded Hardware: Algorithmic Optimizations for Real-time Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-929
Author(s):  
Suraj Nair ◽  
Nikhil Somani ◽  
Artur Grunau ◽  
Emmanuel Dean-Leon ◽  
Alois Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Performance

scholarly journals A Real-Time Garbage Truck Supervision and Data Statistics Method Based on Object Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xuanyu Zhang ◽  
Yining Gao ◽  
Guangyi Xiao ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Wenshu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Data Statistics ◽  
Communication Equipment ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Garbage classification is difficult to supervise in the stage of collection and transportation. This paper proposes a computer vision-based method for intelligent supervision and workload statistics of garbage trucks. In terms of hardware, this paper deploys a camera and an image processing unit with NPU based on the original on-board computing and communication equipment. In terms of software, this paper uses the YOLOv3-tiny algorithm on the image processing unit to perform real-time target detection on garbage truck work, collects statistics on the color, specifications, and quantity of garbage bins cleaned by the garbage truck, and uploads the results to the server for recording and display. The proposed method has low deployment and maintenance costs while maintaining excellent accuracy and real-time performance, which makes it have good commercial application value.

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