Chinese Pedagogy or Western Andragogy?

2014 ◽  
pp. 1620-1644
Author(s):  
Victor X. Wang ◽  
Susan K. Dennett ◽  
Valerie C. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Ivy League ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
The Government

This chapter reports the results of a study designed to compare Chinese adult education methods with Western (i.e., United States) educational methods using the conceptual framework of the principles of andragogy. Adult educators from two universities in China and one university in the United States responded to an online survey comprised of closed- and open-ended questions about their teaching practices. Study results indicated that while the U.S. educators were consistently andragogical in their approach, Chinese adult educators were less so. Although a few andragogical elements were reported by the Chinese educators, their approach appeared more pedagogical, a finding that was consistent with reports in the literature of adult education in China. Even in 1998, under the leadership of the former administration, the Chinese people were promised the growth of China's education system. Today, China provides resources to support education so that China is more competitive in the global market today. China's blueprint for the future is evidence of the commitment to education China emphasizes. China has created its own Ivy League schools to support the next generation workforce that are competitive with Ivy League schools in the United States. China's Ivy League is funded by the government. It leads to the question of whether the recession of 2008 in the United States will negatively impact the services American institutions will offer and ultimately affect the number of international students enrolling in universities in the United States. It also leads to the question on whether China will surpass the United States in the quality of education it provides to its students and therefore reduce the number of Chinese students who study in the United States. The style of teaching in this new system may impact both the quality of education provided and its impact.

Chinese Pedagogy or Western Andragogy?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor X. Wang ◽  
Susan K. Dennett ◽  
Valerie C. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Ivy League ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
The Government

This chapter reports the results of a study designed to compare Chinese adult education methods with Western (i.e., United States) educational methods using the conceptual framework of the principles of andragogy. Adult educators from two universities in China and one university in the United States responded to an online survey comprised of closed- and open-ended questions about their teaching practices. Study results indicated that while the U.S. educators were consistently andragogical in their approach, Chinese adult educators were less so. Although a few andragogical elements were reported by the Chinese educators, their approach appeared more pedagogical, a finding that was consistent with reports in the literature of adult education in China. Even in 1998, under the leadership of the former administration, the Chinese people were promised the growth of China’s education system. Today, China provides resources to support education so that China is more competitive in the global market today. China’s blueprint for the future is evidence of the commitment to education China emphasizes. China has created its own Ivy League schools to support the next generation workforce that are competitive with Ivy League schools in the United States. China’s Ivy League is funded by the government. It leads to the question of whether the recession of 2008 in the United States will negatively impact the services American institutions will offer and ultimately affect the number of international students enrolling in universities in the United States. It also leads to the question on whether China will surpass the United States in the quality of education it provides to its students and therefore reduce the number of Chinese students who study in the United States. The style of teaching in this new system may impact both the quality of education provided and its impact.

United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-88
Author(s):  
Christian Leuprecht
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Accountability System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

This chapter reviews the member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community, the strategic environment that has informed intelligence and accountability in the United States, including scandals as a key driver of innovation, and the current and future threat environment as seen by the United States. The chapter examines the US intelligence accountability architecture: the House of Representative Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, the Inspectors General, the Government Accountability Office, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Office, and the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board. The sheer number and complexity of accountability bodies in the US gives rise to inefficiencies, ineffectiveness, and duplication. The accountability system is replete with gaps and vulnerabilities: partisanship, collective-action problems, resource allocation, and inconsistent quality of review in congressional accountability; GAO’s limited authority to review the USIC and sensitive operations; the adequacy of the FISA court in adequately protecting the rights of Americans; and Presidential discretion in appointing and removing IGs. These issues have implications not just for the United States, but for allies, partners as well as regional and global stability.

Panama, Its Politics, and the Canal Against Itself

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Castro H.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The successful negotiation of the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaty inaugurated a new historical era in the Republic of Panama. Politically, the implementation of the Treaty from 1979 to 1999 transformed what, since 1903, had been a protectorate of the United States into a fully sovereign republic. Economically, the integration of the canal into Panama´s internal economy, and that of the country in the global market, created new opportunities for the development of the country. The treaty also put an end to the dispute between Panama and the United States over the control of the rent and revenues produced by the canal, transferring it to the government of the Republic of Panama, and so creating an unprecedented source of resources for investment. More than forty years on, however, Panama faced a combination of sustained (but uncertain) economic growth, persistent social inequity, constant environmental degradation, obsolescence of its institutional system, and increasing internal political tensions, all expressions of the contradiction between the natural organization of the territory of Panama, and the spatial organization of its economy, society and government imposed and maintained since the European conquest of the 16th century. This contradiction is also aggravated by the dispute over control of the canal rent between different sectors of Panamanian society. In short, the country is in a transition stage in its development, which may lead it to overcome the contradiction in developing into a prosperous and equitable republic, or into increasing conflicts that may worsen the contradictions inherent to a centralist and authoritarian tradition of governance.

Teacher Effectiveness in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-55
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Clifton ◽  
Masha V. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Canadian Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
National Governments

There are only a few countries in the world in which education is not the responsibility of national governments but the responsibility of smaller units—provinces and territories in Canada and states in Australia and the United States. Canada has 10 provinces and three territories; hence, there are 13 systems of public education with about 5.5 million students and over 450,000 teachers (Canadian Education Statistics Council, 2020). Consequently, there is considerable variability across the country in the quality of education and in the way it is managed and delivered.

scholarly journals The Hard Path of Becoming a Visiting Scholar in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Margherita Daho'
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Visiting Scholars

With globalization and the continual growth of studies abroad, many Ph.D. students apply to move to other countries for an exchange experience. Many students select the United States as their preferred destination, attracted by the perceived better quality of education. The United States also tries to attract international students to its colleges and universities. However, becoming a visiting scholar is very hard and takes considerable time. Applications and bureaucracy are cumbersome and major support is required, especially for international students. This article is a reflection on my experience planning an exchange experience in the United States during my Ph.D. I also offer recommendations for improving the experiences of international visiting scholars.

The Impact of K-20 Policies on Teachers

2013 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Amy L. Sedivy-Benton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Government ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Nation At Risk ◽  
The Impact

The publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983 as well as the progression to a global society has created a national concern for the quality of education in the United States. There has been a shift in education, from hands off from the national government to a move for a national curriculum that will assist in the improvement of our schools. Policies around education are ever changing, and this has an impact on the teachers who are currently in the profession as well as those who educate pre-service teachers. The chapter provides an overview of the unfolding of educational policy within the United States, discusses the current policies being implemented and their impact on the field of teaching. The chapter concludes with consideration of the impact of these policies and recommendations for future implementation.

scholarly journals Drifting Towards Bordeaux? The Evolving Varietal Emphasis of U.S. Wine Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Alston ◽  
Kym Anderson ◽  
Olena Sambucci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Partial Adjustment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Partial Adjustment Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Demand Patterns

AbstractIn an ever-more-competitive global market, vignerons compete for the attention of consumers by trying to differentiate their product while also responding to technological advances, climate changes and evolving demand patterns. In doing so, they highlight their regional and varietal distinctiveness. This paper examines the extent to which the winegrape varietal mix varies within and among states of the United States and relative to the rest of the world, and how that picture has been evolving. It reports varietal intensity indexes for different regions, indexes of similarity of varietal mix between regions and over time, and price-based quality indexes across regions and varieties within and among the three west-coast States. Broadly speaking, the mix of winegrape varieties in the United States is not very different from that in the rest of the world and, since 2000, it has become even less differentiated and closer to that of France and the world as a whole. But individual U.S. regions vary considerably in the mix of varieties in which they specialize and in the quality of grapes they produce of a given variety; and region-by-variety interactions have complex influences on the pattern of quality and production. We use measures of regional varietal comparative advantage and a Nerlovian partial adjustment model to account for some of the shifting varietal patterns in the U.S. vineyard and in winegrape production. (JEL Classification: D24, L66, Q13)

scholarly journals Population Size and Growth in Pakistan Based on Early Reports of 1972 Census

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol J. Krotki ◽  
Khalida Parveen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popu Lation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technical Capacity ◽  
Source Of Information

Census reports are the primary source of information on population chara¬cteristics. Fundamental among these characteristics are population size and growth, but census reports are often used to evaluate other features of a popu¬lation such as reliability of age reporting, extent of literacy, adequacy of occupational reporting, and level and pattern of unemployment. In this paper, we take a preliminary look at the 1972 Census of Pakistan in order to deter¬mine its overall suitability as a source of information on population of the country. The quality of census data depends not only on the technical capacity of the statistical arm of the government, but on the characteristics of the society as well. For example, even the advanced statistical and survey technology available in the United States is inadequate to deal with the more volatile nature of society. Near completeness of coverage is achieved only in a few countries such as Holland, Denmark and Switzerland, with high degrees of social cohesion1 and where population censuses are kept in close administrative check.

Strategi Penyelenggaraan Diklat Dan Ujian Sertifikasi Keahlian Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa Pemerintah Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Magelang

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Wiharyanto Wiharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
Test System ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Certification Exams ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

The study aims to analyze about the low graduation and certification exam training participants of the procurement of goods / services of the government and its contributing factors, and formulate a strategy of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services of the government. Collecting data using the method of study documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. Is the official source of information on the structural and functional Regional Employment Board, as well as the participants of the training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services of the government in Magelang regency government environment. Analysis using 4 quadrant SWOT analysis, to determine the issue or strategic factors in improving the quality of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of government goods / services within the Government of Magelang regency. The results show organizer position is in quadrant I, which is supporting the growth strategy, with 3 alternative formulation strategies that improve the quality of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of government goods / services, and conducts certification examination of the procurement of government goods / services with computer assisted test system (CAT). Based on the research recommendations formulated advice to the organizing committee, namely: of prospective participants of the training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services the government should consider the motivation of civil servants, is examinees who have attended training in the same period of the year, the need for simulation procurement of goods / services significantly, an additional allocation of training time, giving sanction to civil servants who have not passed the exam, the provision of adequate classroom space with the number of participants of each class are proportional, as well as explore the evaluation of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services for Government of participants.

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