Conceptualizing Emergency Department Scenarios

2015 ◽  
pp. 1351-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kaner ◽  
Tamar Gadrich ◽  
Shuki Dror ◽  
Yariv N. Marmor
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Ed Operations ◽  
Relevant Factors

To handle problems and trends in emergency department (ED) operations, designers and decision makers often simulate and evaluate various case-specific scenarios before testing them in a real-life environment. However, conceptualizing broad possible scenarios for ED operations prior to simulation operationalization is usually neglected. The authors developed a methodology that integrates design of simulation experiments (DSE) as follows: 1) From a literature survey, they culled generic factors whose varying levels determine possible scenarios; 2) the authors drew up a set of generic interactions among these generic factors; 3) a questionnaire was constructed to serve as an instrument to gather the relevant information from management staff about relevant factors, their levels and interactions for a specific ED. Questionnaire responses support a schematic conceptualization of scenarios that should be simulated for a specific ED. They illustrate the application of the authors' methodology for conceptualization of ED simulation scenarios in two different EDs.

Conceptualizing Emergency Department Scenarios

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Maya Kaner ◽  
Tamar Gadrich ◽  
Shuki Dror ◽  
Yariv Marmor
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Ed Operations ◽  
Relevant Factors

To handle problems and trends in emergency department (ED) operations, designers and decision makers often simulate and evaluate various case-specific scenarios before testing them in a real-life environment. However, conceptualizing broad possible scenarios for ED operations prior to simulation operationalization is usually neglected. The authors developed a methodology that integrates design of simulation experiments (DSE) as follows: 1) From a literature survey, they culled generic factors whose varying levels determine possible scenarios; 2) the authors drew up a set of generic interactions among these generic factors; 3) a questionnaire was constructed to serve as an instrument to gather the relevant information from management staff about relevant factors, their levels and interactions for a specific ED. Questionnaire responses support a schematic conceptualization of scenarios that should be simulated for a specific ED. They illustrate the application of the authors’ methodology for conceptualization of ED simulation scenarios in two different EDs.

scholarly journals Optimal policy for attention-modulated decisions explains human fixation behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Jang ◽  
Ravi Sharma ◽  
Jan Drugowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Behavioral Predictions ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Fixation Bias

AbstractTraditional accumulation-to-bound decision-making models assume that all choice options are processed simultaneously with equal attention. In real life decisions, however, humans tend to alternate their visual fixation between individual items in order to efficiently gather relevant information [46, 23, 21, 12, 15]. These fixations also causally affect one’s choices, biasing them toward the longer-fixated item [38, 2, 25]. We derive a normative decision-making model in which fixating a choice item boosts information about that item. In contrast to previous models [25, 39], we assume that attention enhances the reliability of information rather than its magnitude, consistent with neurophysiological findings [3, 13, 29, 45]. Furthermore, our model actively controls fixation changes to optimize information gathering. We show that the optimal model reproduces fixation patterns and fixation-related choice biases seen in human decision-makers, and provides a Bayesian computational rationale for the fixation bias. This insight led to additional behavioral predictions that we confirmed in human behavioral data. Finally, we explore the consequences of changing the relative allocation of cognitive resources to the attended versus the unattended item, and show that decision performance is benefited by a more balanced spread of cognitive resources.

Haunted by a Doppelgänger

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina von Helversen ◽  
Stefan M. Herzog ◽  
Jörg Rieskamp
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Employees ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Facial Similarity ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Judgment Strategy

Judging other people is a common and important task. Every day professionals make decisions that affect the lives of other people when they diagnose medical conditions, grant parole, or hire new employees. To prevent discrimination, professional standards require that decision makers render accurate and unbiased judgments solely based on relevant information. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias. Psychological research suggests that people only rely on similarity-based judgment strategies if the provided information does not allow them to make accurate rule-based judgments. Our study shows, however, that facial similarity to previously encountered persons influences judgment even in situations in which relevant information is available for making accurate rule-based judgments and where similarity is irrelevant for the task and relying on similarity is detrimental. In two experiments in an employment context we show that applicants who looked similar to high-performing former employees were judged as more suitable than applicants who looked similar to low-performing former employees. This similarity effect was found despite the fact that the participants used the relevant résumé information about the applicants by following a rule-based judgment strategy. These findings suggest that similarity-based and rule-based processes simultaneously underlie human judgment.

scholarly journals A model for spectroscopic food sample analysis using data sonification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsein Kew
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Audio Output ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction Method

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method to generate an audio output based on spectroscopy data in order to discriminate two classes of data, based on the features of our spectral dataset. To do this, we first perform spectral pre-processing, and then extract features, followed by machine learning, for dimensionality reduction. The features are then mapped to the parameters of a sound synthesiser, as part of the audio processing, so as to generate audio samples in order to compute statistical results and identify important descriptors for the classification of the dataset. To optimise the process, we compare Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) synthesis, as applied to two real-life datasets to evaluate the performance of sonification as a method for discriminating data. FM synthesis provides a higher subjective classification accuracy as compared with to AM synthesis. We then further compare the dimensionality reduction method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis in order to optimise our sonification algorithm. The results of classification accuracy using FM synthesis as the sound synthesiser and PCA as the dimensionality reduction method yields a mean classification accuracies of 93.81% and 88.57% for the coffee dataset and the fruit puree dataset respectively, and indicate that this spectroscopic analysis model is able to provide relevant information on the spectral data, and most importantly, is able to discriminate accurately between the two spectra and thus provides a complementary tool to supplement current methods.

CAN BAYESIAN METHODS MAKE DATA AND ANALYSES MORE RELEVANT TO DECISION MAKERS?

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Sheingold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
And Performance

Decision making in health care has become increasingly reliant on information technology, evidence-based processes, and performance measurement. It is therefore a time at which it is of critical importance to make data and analyses more relevant to decision makers. Those who support Bayesian approaches contend that their analyses provide more relevant information for decision making than do classical or “frequentist” methods, and that a paradigm shift to the former is long overdue. While formal Bayesian analyses may eventually play an important role in decision making, there are several obstacles to overcome if these methods are to gain acceptance in an environment dominated by frequentist approaches. Supporters of Bayesian statistics must find more accommodating approaches to making their case, especially in finding ways to make these methods more transparent and accessible. Moreover, they must better understand the decision-making environment they hope to influence. This paper discusses these issues and provides some suggestions for overcoming some of these barriers to greater acceptance.

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Affecting the Emergency Specialists’ Decision-Making in Case of Emergencies in Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Ebrahimian ◽  
Seyed-Hossein Hashemi-Amrei ◽  
Mohammadreza Monesan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Decision

Introduction. Appropriate decision-making is essential in emergency situations; however, little information is available on how emergency decision-makers decide on the emergency status of the patients shifted to the emergency department of the hospital. This study aimed at explaining the factors that influence the emergency specialists’ decision-making in case of emergency conditions in patients. Methods. This study was carried out with a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants were selected based on purposive sampling by the emergency specialists. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results. The core theme of the study was “efforts to perceive the acute health threats of the patient.” This theme was derived from the main classes, including “the identification of the acute threats based on the patient’s condition” and “the identification of the acute threats based on peripheral conditions.” Conclusions. The conditions governing the decision-making process about patients in the emergency department differ from the conditions in other health-care departments at hospitals. Emergency specialists may have several approaches to decide about the patients’ emergency conditions. Therefore, notably, the emergency specialists’ working conditions and the others’ expectations from these specialists should be considered.

Optimal fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of multiple-period operating room

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Al-Refaie ◽  
Mays Judeh ◽  
Ming-Hsien Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Fuzzy Scheduling ◽  
Sequencing Problems

AbstractLittle research has considered fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problem in operating rooms. Multiple-period fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of patients in operating rooms optimization models are proposed in this research taking into consideration patient‘s preference. The objective of the scheduling optimization model is obtaining minimal undertime and overtime and maximum patients' satisfaction about the assigned date. The objective of sequencing the optimization model is both to minimize overtime and to maximize patients' satisfaction about the assigned time. A real-life case study from a hospital that offers comprehensive surgical procedures for all surgical specialties is considered for illustration. Research results showed that the proposed models efficiently scheduled and sequenced patients while considering their preferences and hospitals operating costs. In conclusion, the proposed optimization models may result in improving patient satisfaction, utilizing hospital's resources efficiently, and providing assistance to decision makers and planners in solving effectively fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problems of operating rooms.

scholarly journals Perspective influences eye movements during real-life conversation: Mentalising about self vs. others in autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Barzy ◽  
Heather Jane Ferguson ◽  
David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Socially Relevant

Socio-communication is profoundly impaired among autistic individuals. Difficulties representing others’ mental states have been linked to modulations of gaze and speech, which have also been shown to be impaired in autism. Despite these observed impairments in ‘real-world’ communicative settings, research has mostly focused on lab-based experiments, where the language is highly structured. In a pre-registered experiment, we recorded eye movements and verbal responses while adults (N=50) engaged in a real-life conversation. Conversation topic either related to the self, a familiar other, or an unfamiliar other (e.g. "Tell me who is your/your mother’s/Marina’s favourite celebrity and why?”). Results replicated previous work, showing reduced attention to socially-relevant information among autistic participants (i.e. less time looking at the experimenter’s face, and more time looking around the background), compared to typically-developing controls. Importantly, perspective modulated social attention in both groups; talking about an unfamiliar other reduced attention to potentially distracting or resource demanding social information, and increased looks to non-social background. Social attention did not differ between self and familiar other contexts- reflecting greater shared knowledge for familiar/similar others. Autistic participants spent more time looking at the background when talking about an unfamiliar other vs. themselvesFuture research should investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect.

scholarly journals ISMAR-study presentation: in-hospital epidemiology and clinical management of respiratory and cardiac comorbidities in cardiac and respiratory disease units

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Tramarin ◽  
Mario Polverino ◽  
Maurizio Volterrani ◽  
Bruna Girardi ◽  
Claudio Chimini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Current Guidelines

Background: Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are leading causes of morbidity and their co-occurrence has important implications in mortality and other outcomes. Even the most recent guidelines do not reliably address clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic concerns due to the overlap of respiratory and cardiac diseases. Study objectives and design: In order to evaluate in the reality of clinical practice the epidemiology and the reciprocal impact of cardio-pulmonary comorbidity on the clinical management, diagnostic workup and treatment, 1,500 cardiac and 1,500 respiratory inpatients, admitted in acute and rehabilitation units, will be enrolled in a multicenter, nationwide, prospective observational study. For this purpose, each center will enroll at least 50 consecutive patients. At discharge, data analysis will be aimed at the definition of cardiac and pulmonary inpatient comorbidity prevalence, demographic characteristics, length of hospital stay, and risk factors, taking into account also procedures, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, and follow up in patients with cardio-respiratory comorbidity. Conclusions: The purely observational design of the study aims to give new relevant information on the assessment and management of overlapping patients in real life clinical practice, and new insight for improvement and implementation of current guidelines on the management of individual diseases.

Implementing Interactive Multimedia Training

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Matlack ◽  
Edward R. Matlack
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Corporate Training ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Relevant Factors

This paper provides a brief overview of the role of interactive multimedia (IM) in corporate training, and will discuss the relevant factors in making wise business decisions regarding the implementation of interactive multimedia within U.S. shipyards. Despite the numerous studies and reports citing the efficiencies of delivering instructions in a multisensory format via a computer, shipyards have been slow to implement this technology into their business practices. The reasons for this are twofold: first, the technology is still viewed as nascent and unproven, and second, the business benefits are not well understood by decision-makers. This paper focuses on understanding the business benefits of implementing interactive multimedia in a shipyard environment. Case studies and success stories are referenced for the purpose of understanding how IM training works within the shipyard The main thrust of discussion is towards how to properly analyze the expected return on investment and strategy for implementation of interactive media within a typical shipyard.

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