Landslides

2015 ◽  
pp. 474-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snježana Mihalić Arbanas ◽  
Željko Arbanas
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Landslide Mitigation ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Landslide research is an interdisciplinary field that primarily encompasses scientists from geomorphology, engineering geology, and geotechnical engineering in collaboration with researchers from such fields as geodesy, hydrogeology, geophysics, and many others. This chapter is intended as a resource for researchers interested in landslide engineering and landslide science to acquire a summarized review of research subjects and the state-of-the-art literature. A wide range of landslide topics are presented in the following sections: landslide mapping, landslide investigation, landslide monitoring, landslide hazard and risk assessment, and landslide stabilization and remediation measures. The results of landslide studies have practical applications to society via the avoidance, prevention, and mitigation of landslide hazards and risks. Landslide avoidance and prevention are the primary interests for land-use policies based on landslide mapping, followed by the prediction of landslide processes and their consequences. Landslide mitigation includes the development of engineering technologies for landslide investigation, monitoring, and remediation.

Landslides

2015 ◽  
pp. 1393-1428
Author(s):  
Snježana Mihalić Arbanas ◽  
Željko Arbanas
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Landslide Mitigation ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Landslide research is an interdisciplinary field that primarily encompasses scientists from geomorphology, engineering geology, and geotechnical engineering in collaboration with researchers from such fields as geodesy, hydrogeology, geophysics, and many others. This chapter is intended as a resource for researchers interested in landslide engineering and landslide science to acquire a summarized review of research subjects and the state-of-the-art literature. A wide range of landslide topics are presented in the following sections: landslide mapping, landslide investigation, landslide monitoring, landslide hazard and risk assessment, and landslide stabilization and remediation measures. The results of landslide studies have practical applications to society via the avoidance, prevention, and mitigation of landslide hazards and risks. Landslide avoidance and prevention are the primary interests for land-use policies based on landslide mapping, followed by the prediction of landslide processes and their consequences. Landslide mitigation includes the development of engineering technologies for landslide investigation, monitoring, and remediation.

scholarly journals A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria, Central Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cardinali ◽  
P. Reichenbach ◽  
F. Guzzetti ◽  
F. Ardizzone ◽  
G. Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Landslide Inventory Map ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Inventory Map

Abstract. We present a geomorphological method to evaluate landslide hazard and risk. The method is based on the recognition of existing and past landslides, on the scrutiny of the local geological and morphological setting, and on the study of site-specific and historical information on past landslide events. For each study area a multi-temporal landslide inventory map has been prepared through the interpretation of various sets of stereoscopic aerial photographs taken over the period 1941–1999, field mapping carried out in the years 2000 and 2001, and the critical review of site-specific investigations completed to solve local instability problems. The multi-temporal landslide map portrays the distribution of the existing and past landslides and their observed changes over a period of about 60 years. Changes in the distribution and pattern of landslides allow one to infer the possible evolution of slopes, the most probable type of failures, and their expected frequency of occurrence and intensity. This information is used to evaluate landslide hazard, and to estimate the associated risk. The methodology is not straightforward and requires experienced geomorphologists, trained in the recognition and analysis of slope processes. Levels of landslide hazard and risk are expressed using an index that conveys, in a simple and compact format, information on the landslide frequency, the landslide intensity, and the likely damage caused by the expected failure. The methodology was tested in 79 towns, villages, and individual dwellings in the Umbria Region of central Italy.

Text mining stackoverflow

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Joorabchi ◽  
Michael English ◽  
Abdulhussain E. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Educational Data Mining ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Graph Visualization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Community Question Answering ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

Purpose – The use of social media and in particular community Question Answering (Q & A) websites by learners has increased significantly in recent years. The vast amounts of data posted on these sites provide an opportunity to investigate the topics under discussion and those receiving most attention. The purpose of this paper is to automatically analyse the content of a popular computer programming Q & A website, StackOverflow (SO), determine the exact topics of posted Q & As, and narrow down their categories to help determine subject difficulties of learners. By doing so, the authors have been able to rank identified topics and categories according to their frequencies, and therefore, mark the most asked about subjects and, hence, identify the most difficult and challenging topics commonly faced by learners of computer programming and software development. Design/methodology/approach – In this work the authors have adopted a heuristic research approach combined with a text mining approach to investigate the topics and categories of Q & A posts on the SO website. Almost 186,000 Q & A posts were analysed and their categories refined using Wikipedia as a crowd-sourced classification system. After identifying and counting the occurrence frequency of all the topics and categories, their semantic relationships were established. This data were then presented as a rich graph which could be visualized using graph visualization software such as Gephi. Findings – Reported results and corresponding discussion has given an indication that the insight gained from the process can be further refined and potentially used by instructors, teachers, and educators to pay more attention to and focus on the commonly occurring topics/subjects when designing their course material, delivery, and teaching methods. Research limitations/implications – The proposed approach limits the scope of the analysis to a subset of Q & As which contain one or more links to Wikipedia. Therefore, developing more sophisticated text mining methods capable of analysing a larger portion of available data would improve the accuracy and generalizability of the results. Originality/value – The application of text mining and data analytics technologies in education has created a new interdisciplinary field of research between the education and information sciences, called Educational Data Mining (EDM). The work presented in this paper falls under this field of research; and it is an early attempt at investigating the practical applications of text mining technologies in the area of computer science (CS) education.

scholarly journals Lithological modelling based on shear wave velocity using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) inversion of ellipticity curve method to mitigate landslide hazards at the main road Of Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Skolastika Novita Widyadarsana ◽  
Eddy Hartantyo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Landslide Mitigation ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Hvsr Technique ◽  
The City

Many landslides occur in Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. However, no research discusses landslides that often occur on the main road connecting the city of Yogyakarta and various tourist resorts in Samigaluh. This study aims at determining the soil vulnerability and lithology model at that main road as a contribution to landslide mitigation planning. This lithology model is based on shear wave velocity (Vs) and layer thickness derived by microtremor datasets. The data were processed by the inversion of the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique of the ellipticity curve method. The result of the study shows that the first layer is associated with topsoil which has Vs of 263 m/s, the second layer is clay which has Vs of 607 m/s, the third layer consists of clay, breccia, and pumice which has Vs of 1119 m/s, and the fourth layer is andesite bedrock which has Vs of 1721 m/s. Andesite is impermeable to water and can become a slip field for landslides. Clay, breccias, and pumice can absorb water so that their weight increases when it rains. When they are on an impermeable rock on a certain slope, a landslide occurs.

scholarly journals 60th Anniversary of the Seminal Paper on Interval Analysis and Computations by T. Sunaga

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Roumen Anguelov ◽  
Svetoslav Markov
Keyword(s):  
Interval Analysis ◽  
Present Note ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Interval Solution ◽  
Computational Procedures

Sunaga considered all computational procedures, which had been  traditionally defined on real numbers, as being too ideal and proposed to replace them by the procedures on real intervals in order to make everything "more realistic". Sunaga studied many different kinds of numerical procedures including the Taylor-series interval solution of the initial-value problem of ordinary differential equations.The purpose of the present note is to mark the 60-th anniversary of the publication of the seminal work by the Japan mathematician Teruo Sunaga. The paper summarizes the results of his Master Thesis \cite{Sunaga1956}. Sunaga's work sets the foundation of the contemporary interval analysis and reliable computing. This is an interdisciplinary field, combining abstract mathematical theories and practical applications related to computer science, numerical analysis and mathematical modeling in the natural, engineering and social-economic sciences.

scholarly journals Secure Privacy Preserving Record Linkage of Large Databases by Modified Bloom Filter Encodings

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Schnell ◽  
Christian Borgs
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bloom Filter ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Bloom Filters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Large Databases

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn most European settings, record linkage across different institutions has to be based on personal identifiers such as names, birthday or place of birth. To protect the privacy of research subjects, the identifiers have to be encrypted. In practice, these identifiers show error rates up to 20% per identifier, therefore linking on encrypted identifiers usually implies the loss of large subsets of the databases. In many applications, this loss of cases is related to variables of interest for the subject matter of the study. Therefore, this kind of record-linkage will generate biased estimates. These problems gave rise to techniques of Privacy Preserving Record Linkage (PPRL). Many different PPRL techniques have been suggested within the last 10 years, very few of them are suitable for practical applications with large database containing millions of records as they are typical for administrative or medical databases. One proven technique for PPRL for large scale applications is PPRL based on Bloom filters.MethodUsing appropriate parameter settings, Bloom filter approaches show linkage results comparable to linkage based on unencrypted identifiers. Furthermore, this approach has been used in real-world settings with data sets containing up to 100 Million records. By the application of suitable blocking strategies, linking can be done in reasonable time.ResultHowever, Bloom filters have been subject of cryptographic attacks. Previous research has shown that the straight application of Bloom filters has a nonzero re-identification risk. We will present new results on recently developed techniques to defy all known attacks on PPRL Bloom filters. These computationally simple algorithms modify the identifiers by different cryptographic diffusion techniques. The presentation will demonstrate these new algorithms and show their performance concerning precision, recall and re-identification risk on large databases.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Geotechnical-Unit Characterization for Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping with SHALSTAB

GeoHazards ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
Carla Moreira Melo ◽  
Masato Kobiyama ◽  
Gean Paulo Michel ◽  
Mariana Madruga de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Landslide Mapping ◽  
Homogeneous Soil ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Error Index

Given the increasing occurrence of landslides worldwide, the improvement of predictive models for landslide mapping is needed. Despite the influence of geotechnical parameters on SHALSTAB model outputs, there is a lack of research on models’ performance when considering different variables. In particular, the role of geotechnical units (i.e., areas with common soil and lithology) is understudied. Indeed, the original SHALSTAB model considers that the whole basin has homogeneous soil. This can lead to the under-or-overestimation of landslide hazards. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the advantages of incorporating geotechnical units as a variable in contrast to the original model. By using locally sampled geotechnical data, 13 slope-instability scenarios were simulated for the Jaguar creek basin, Brazil. This allowed us to verify the sensitivity of the model to different input variables and assumptions. To evaluate the model performance, we used the Success Index, Error Index, ROC curve, and a new performance index: the Detective Performance Index of Unstable Areas. The best model performance was obtained in the scenario with discretized geotechnical units’ values and the largest sample size. Results indicate the importance of properly characterizing the geotechnical units when using SHALSTAB. Hence, future applications should consider this to improve models’ predictivity.

scholarly journals Preliminary landslide mapping in Denmark indicates an underestimated geohazard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Svennevig ◽  
Gregor Lützenburg ◽  
Marie K. Keiding ◽  
Stig Asbjørn Schack Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Landslide Mapping

The process of coastal erosion is well known to the public and decision-makers in Denmark; however, there is little awareness of the risks posed by larger landslides. Only a few scientific studies investigate landslides in Denmark, and as a result, the country is underrepresented in international landslide inventories. Here, we present a systematically produced preliminary landslide inventory based on digital elevation models and high-resolution orthophotos. So far, the preliminary inventory documents 3026 morphological expressions of landslides close to the coast and inland, showing that landslides are more widespread in Denmark than previously recognised. A number of these landslides are near buildings and infrastructure. This paper therefore highlights the potential for geohazardous landslides to occur in Denmark on a national scale and discusses some of the implications. Two of the major questions arising from this study are (1) how to approach potential geohazards in a country with no framework or precedence for landslide hazard and risk management and (2) how landslides and associated risk in Denmark will evolve under a changing climate.

General Trends and New Perspectives on Landslide Mapping and Assessment Methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Ercanoglu ◽  
Harun Sonmez
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Landslides and their consequences are of great importance throughout the world and they constitute an important responsibility on the damages and fatalities among the natural or man-made hazards. Landslide mapping and assessment studies have become a very important issue for the geoscientists and the decision makers to prevent from the consequences of the landslides, particularly in the last decades. In addition to the increase in population and poor economic conditions, unconsciously built settlements, located in the landslide-prone areas, were the most influencing factors on these losses and damages sourced from the landslides. This section particularly focuses on the landslide mapping and assessment methods considering the chronological development of these methods. In addition, this section also summarizes the landslide inventory, susceptibility, hazard and risk concepts, considering the scientific landslide literature. Furthermore, past-actual trends and new perspectives on these issues were also compiled to show the readers how this subject emerged and evolved progressively.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Use of remote sensing for landslide studies in Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tofani ◽  
S. Segoni ◽  
A. Agostini ◽  
F. Catani ◽  
N. Casagli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Radar Imagery ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Abstract. Within the framework of FP7, an EU-funded SafeLand project, a questionnaire was prepared to collect information about the use of remote sensing for landslide study and to evaluate its actual application in landslide detection, mapping and monitoring. The questionnaire was designed using a Google form and was disseminated among end-users and researchers involved in landslide studies in Europe. In total, 49 answers from 17 different European countries were collected. The outcomes showed that landslide detection and mapping is mainly performed with aerial photos, often associated with optical and radar imagery. Concerning landslide monitoring, satellite radars prevail over the other types of data. Remote sensing is mainly used for detection/mapping and monitoring of slides, flows and lateral spreads with a preferably large scale of analysis (1:5000–1:25 000). All the compilers integrate remote sensing data with other thematic data, mainly geological maps, landslide inventory maps and DTMs and derived maps. According to the research and working experience of the compilers, remote sensing is generally considered to have a medium effectiveness/reliability for landslide studies. The results of the questionnaire can contribute to an overall sketch of the use of remote sensing in current landslide studies and show that remote sensing can be considered a powerful and well-established instrument for landslide mapping, monitoring and hazard analysis.

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