Operational Decision Making in Aviation

2015 ◽  
pp. 15-37
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Operational Decision Making

Operational decision making, sometimes referred to as decision making in operational systems, is singular among all other classes of decisions. The type of decision used in operational systems is known as an operational decision and is addressed by the theory and practice of operational decision making (ODM). ODM is a body of knowledge and a system of thought, similar in many respects to critical thinking, but with some important differences. They are that a decision must often be made under increased time compression, it must be made with incomplete of conflicting information, and the consequences of a poor decision could be catastrophic. This chapter provides a brief overview of this important subject. More in-depth treatments follow in later chapters.

Operational Decision Making

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-271
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Operational Decision Making

Additional material on decision making in operational systems is presented here. This material would be most useful for researchers engaged in the conceptual design of onboard decision support systems. Decision making is a complex process. Over the years much has been written about decision theory but very little attention has been paid to decision making under increased time compression. Also, additional complexity is introduced by having to deal with large-scale dynamic systems and their attendant trajectory and energy management demands. We discuss DODAR and FORDEC and their limitations. Operational decision making is a risk-driven model that triggers pilots' responses, actions, and decisions by changing the aircraft's position within the risk envelope. This material can form the basis of a more complete picture of the state-of-the-art decision theory and what useful aspects and insights we can use operationally.

Mission Critical Events

2015 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Analytic Structure ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
Mission Critical

Mission critical events are changing operational conditions that will have a significant impact on the mission. If they are specified correctly, one can begin to design meaningful crew station responses. This chapter is about how to make decisions that are appropriate for the environment; in this case, under increased time compression. The theoretical focus of decisions shifts the conceptual design of the decision analytic structure forward to the problem definition stage. In large-scale dynamic systems, getting the problem right is often the most difficult task of the operator and operational manager. Operational decision making (ODM) stands in visible contrast to conventional decision making, and conventional decision theory, in that among all classes of decisions, an operational decision is singular, and contains a number of unique components.

The common law model rests on assumptions that underlie both theory and practice and this will become clear as legal study is undertaken. It is said that in fact it rests on notions of the ideal type of rationalist tradition (Twining and Miers (1999)) This model involves the pursuit of ‘truth’ through rational means. Can you make accurate present judgements based on reasoning in cases occurring in the past on similar facts? This is certainly what the doctrine of precedent demands. The English legal system has developed principles designed to draw out that past reasoning and use it in the present and to obtain consistent decision making. Such a pursuit has as a high, but not overriding priority, the securing of justice under law. The model of adjudication is instrumentalist in that the pursuit of truth through reason is only a means to achieving a particular type of justice: the implementation of substantive law. • The mode of decision making is rational not irrational, and because it is highly aspirational its practice is often critiqued. • The mode of reasoning is inductive (to be explained below). Although there is room for constructing deductive argument (again to be explained below) proof always needs to be by inductive means, as will be described. As you will have noted by now, argument requires careful attention to detail, planning and understanding that there is a close relationship between: • cases of authority; • language usage; • logic and reasoning; • planning; • imagination; and above all • excellent skills in critical thinking. The phrases ‘critical thinking’, ‘critical reasoning’, ‘critical reflection’ come up often so it is important to be clear about what these mean. 7.4 CRITICAL THINKING Central to the task of study is the cultivation of excellent critical thinking. Every day, all the time, information is received, processed, evaluated, ignored or acted upon by the human brain. This information is received via all the senses, hearing, seeing, touching, smelling. It is processed in micro seconds, and often without the person’s conscious awareness of the process of: • receipt of information; • evaluation of information; • action based on evaluation (do nothing/do something/store information for later use). In our everyday life, if we refuse the information, or do not receive it, or fail to evaluate and act on it in some way, even if it is just to decide to ignore it, we would

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-213
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Deductive Argument ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Common ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Time Information

MONITORING THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION TO PROBLEMS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT FOR SITUATION-AL CENTERS OF A SMART CITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
D. Verzilin ◽  
T. Maximova ◽  
I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Intelligent Information ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Active Citizen

Goal. The purpose of the study was to search for alternative sources of information on popu-lation’s preferences and response to problems and changes in the urban environment for use in the operational decision-making at situational centers. Materials and methods. The authors used data from search queries with keywords, data on communities in social networks, data from subject forums, and official statistics. Methods of statistical data analysis were applied. Results. The analysis of thematic online activity of the population was performed. The re-sults reflected the interest in the state of the environment, the possibility of distance learning and work, are presented. It was reasoned that measurements of population’s thematic online activity let identify needs and analyze the real-time response to changes in the urban envi-ronment. Such an approach to identifying the needs of the population can be used in addition to the platforms “Active Citizen” of the Smart City project. Conclusions. An analysis of data on online activity of the population for decision-making at situational centers is more operational, flexible and representative, as compared with the use of tools of those platforms. Such an analysis can be used as an alternative to sociological surveys, as it saves time and money. When making management decisions using intelligent information services, it is necessary to take into account the needs of the population, reflect-ed in its socio-economic activity in cyberspace.

How Should We Educate Students Whose Cultures Frown upon Rational Disputation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Rational Argumentation

`How should public education in democratic states deal with the cultural diversity brought about by contemporary globalization? My suggestion is that key to democratic public education is the obligation to foster in students the skills and abilities, and attitudes and dispositions, needed to participate fully in democratic decision-making. Of central importance are the abilities and dispositions required for critical thinking and rational argumentation: evaluating arguments of others, constructing arguments of one’s own that might rationally persuade one’s fellow citizens, etc. Without these abilities and dispositions, full participation in democratic decision-making is impossible. But fostering them is problematic when students are members of cultures in which argumentation is frowned upon. In this paper I address this tension, and argue that while respecting cultural differences is of the first importance, in democracies it cannot override the requirements of democracy itself. When these two clash, the requirements of democratic participation must take precedence.

Evaluations for New Healthcare Environment Commissioning and Operational Decision Making Using Simulation and Human Factors: A Case Study of an Interventional Trauma Operating Room

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672199966
Author(s):  
Mirette Dubé ◽  
Jason Laberge ◽  
Elaine Sigalet ◽  
Jonas Shultz ◽  
Christine Vis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
New Process ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Operational Decision Making

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a case study example of the preopening phase of an interventional trauma operating room (ITOR) using systems-focused simulation and human factor evaluations for healthcare environment commissioning. Background: Systems-focused simulation, underpinned by human factors science, is increasingly being used as a quality improvement tool to test and evaluate healthcare spaces with the stakeholders that use them. Purposeful real-to-life simulated events are rehearsed to allow healthcare teams opportunity to identify what is working well and what needs improvement within the work system such as tasks, environments, and processes that support the delivery of healthcare services. This project highlights salient evaluation objectives and methods used within the clinical commissioning phase of one of the first ITORs in Canada. Methods: A multistaged evaluation project to support clinical commissioning was facilitated engaging 24 stakeholder groups. Key evaluation objectives highlighted include the evaluation of two transport routes, switching of operating room (OR) tabletops, the use of the C-arm, and timely access to lead in the OR. Multiple evaluation methods were used including observation, debriefing, time-based metrics, distance wheel metrics, equipment adjustment counts, and other transport route considerations. Results: The evaluation resulted in several types of data that allowed for informed decision making for the most effective, efficient, and safest transport route for an exsanguinating trauma patient and healthcare team; improved efficiencies in use of the C-arm, significantly reduced the time to access lead; and uncovered a new process for switching OR tabletop due to safety threats identified.

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