A Comparison between International Trade and R&D Collaboration Networks in the European Aerospace Sector

Author(s):  
Pier Paolo Angelini ◽  
Lucio Biggiero

Do trading countries also collaborate in R&D? This is the question that, facing with a number of methodological problems, here it is dealt with. Studying and comparing the international trade network and the R&D collaboration network of European countries in the aerospace sector, social network analysis offers a wide spectrum of methods and criteria either to make them comparable or to evaluate its similarity. International trade is a 1-mode directed and valued network, while the EU-subsidized R&D collaboration is an affiliation (2-mode) undirected and unvalued network, and the elementary units of this latter are organizations and not countries. Therefore, to the aim to make these two networks comparable, this paper shows and discusses a number of methodological problems and solutions offered to solve them, and provides a multi-faceted comparison in terms of various statistical and topological indicators. A comparative analysis of the two networks structures is made at aggregate and disaggregate level, and it is shown that the common centralization index is definitively inappropriate and misleading when applied to multi-centered networks like these, and especially to the R&D collaboration network. The final conclusion is that the two networks resemble in some important aspects, but differ in some minor traits. In particular, they are both shaped in a core-periphery structure, and in both cases important countries tend to exchange or collaborate more with marginal countries than between themselves.

2016 ◽  
pp. 1023-1051
Author(s):  
Pier Paolo Angelini ◽  
Lucio Biggiero

Do trading countries also collaborate in R&D? This is the question that, facing with a number of methodological problems, here it is dealt with. Studying and comparing the international trade network and the R&D collaboration network of European countries in the aerospace sector, social network analysis offers a wide spectrum of methods and criteria either to make them comparable or to evaluate its similarity. International trade is a 1-mode directed and valued network, while the EU-subsidized R&D collaboration is an affiliation (2-mode) undirected and unvalued network, and the elementary units of this latter are organizations and not countries. Therefore, to the aim to make these two networks comparable, this paper shows and discusses a number of methodological problems and solutions offered to solve them, and provides a multi-faceted comparison in terms of various statistical and topological indicators. A comparative analysis of the two networks structures is made at aggregate and disaggregate level, and it is shown that the common centralization index is definitively inappropriate and misleading when applied to multi-centered networks like these, and especially to the R&D collaboration network. The final conclusion is that the two networks resemble in some important aspects, but differ in some minor traits. In particular, they are both shaped in a core-periphery structure, and in both cases important countries tend to exchange or collaborate more with marginal countries than between themselves.


2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Michalak

Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies The money is perceived as the common denominator among people who have spied against their own country. This assumption is common sense and appears to be self-evident truth. But do we have any hard evidences to prove the validity of such a statement? What method could be applied to determine it? This article is a review of the motives behind one's resorting to spying activity which is a complex and multifarious process. I decided to present only the phenomenon of spying for another country. The studies on the motives behind taking up spying activity are idiographic in character. One of the basic methodological problems to be faced by the researchers of this problem is an inaccessibility of a control group.


Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Montoya ◽  
Raul Baños ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Maria Montoya ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro

Power quality is a research field related to the proper operation of devices and technological equipment in industry, service, and domestic activities. The level of power quality is determined by variations in voltage, frequency, and waveforms with respect to reference values. These variations correspond to different types of disturbances, including power fluctuations, interruptions, and transients. Several studies have been focused on analysing power quality issues. However, there is a lack of studies on the analysis of both the trending topics and the scientific collaboration network underlying the field of power quality. To address these aspects, an advanced model is used to retrieve data from publications related to power quality and analyse this information using a graph visualisation software and statistical tools. The results suggest that research interests are mainly focused on the analysis of power quality problems and mitigation techniques. Furthermore, they are observed important collaboration networks between researchers within and across countries.


Author(s):  
Hromko T.V.

Purpose. The article considers methodological problems of mono-verbal ideographic dictionary as a separate lexicographic set of dialectal usus, built on the onomasiological principle, on the semantic relations of words from the concept to its lexical counterparts. By typology, ideographic and explanatory dictionaries are complementary, which determines the equipolent connection of the ideographic dictionary with the thesaurus of a separate language system. Methods. The monophonic ideographic dictionary proposed by the author offers a methodology for developing an ideographic dictionary of speech on a purely linguistic basis, in the direction “from the core to the periphery”, because the lexical structure of the idiom, in contrast to the common language, is narrowly accessible for speakers of the literary idiom and widely available for scientific interpretation of the lexicon of speech, and given the completeness of the presentation allows the use of quantitative methods. They ensure the objectivity of the obtained results and significantly reduce the time for their receipt and processing, which in the long run will provide objective results for further qualitative (qualitative) analysis – a monographic description of the language system of speech. Results. Monographic ideographic dictionary is a new type of dictionary – linguistic dialectological ideographic dictionary of scientific and linguodidactical purpose. Methodologically, its conclusion involves the stratification of vocabulary by functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic and epidigmatic system parameters. Conclusions. Improving the method of parametric analysis for a one-word ideographic dictionary involves in the process of compiling the author of the “Ideographic Dictionary of the dialect of Pishchany Brid village of Dobrovelychkivsky district of Kirovohrad region” conducting various typological studies: continuing to collect natural dialect material, representation of the place of this lexical unit in its structure, etc., as well as ideographic lexicographic parameterization for component analysis of dialectal vocabulary, which will extrapolate the spoken material, and in the future will serve to solve a number of theoretical and practical problems of linguistics, and research will enter the linguistic picture of the world and give objective scientific results.Key words: dialectology, lexicography, monoidiom research, ideographic method, quantitative methods, qualitative analysis of vocabulary. Анотація.Мета. У статті розглядаються методологічні проблеми моноговіркового ідеографічного словника як окремого лексикографічного зводу діалектного узусу, побудованого за ономасіологічним принципом, за смисловими відношеннями слів від поняття до його лексичних відповідників. За типологією ідеографічні й тлумачні словники є взаємодоповню-вальними, що й визначає еквіполентний зв’язок ідеографічного словника з тезаурусом окремої мовної системи. Методи.Пропонований автором моноговірковий ідеографічний словник пропонує методологію розробки ідеографічного словника говірки за суто лінгвістичною основою, у напрямі «від ядра до периферії», оскільки лексичний склад ідіому, на відміну від загальномовного, є вузькодоступним для носіїв літературного ідіому і широкодоступним для наукової інтерпретації лексикону говірки, а з огляду на повноту представлення дозволяє використовувати квантитативні методи. Вони забезпечують об’єктивність отриманих результатів і значно скорочують час на їх отримання і обробку, що у перспективі дасть об’єктивні результати для подальшого квалітативного (якісного) аналізу – монографічного опису мовної системи говірки. Результати. Моноговірковий ідеографічний словник є новим типом словника – лінгвістичним діалектологічним ідеографічним словником наукового та лінгводидактичного призначення. Методологічно його укладання передбачає стратифікацію лексики за функціональним, синтагматичним, парадигматичним й епідигматичним системними параметрами. Висновки. Удосконалення методу параметричного аналізу для моноговіркового ідеографічного словника передбачає у процесі укладан-ня автором «Ідеографічного словника говірки села Піщаний Брід Добровеличківського району Кіровоградської області» проведення різного роду типологічних досліджень: продовження збирання польового діалектного матеріалу, проведення квалітативного аналізу лексики на предмет ядра й периферії мовної системи, наочного представлення того, яке місце посідає така лексична одиниця в його структурі тощо, а також ідеографічної лексикографічної параметризації для проведення компонентного аналізу діалектної лексики, що екстраполюватиме говірковий матеріал, а в перспективі прислужиться для вирішення низки теоретичних і практичних завдань лінгвістики, і проведені за ним дослідження увіллються в мовну картину світу та дадуть об’єктивні наукові результати.Ключові слова: діалектологія, лексикографія, моноговіркові дослідження, ідеографічний метод, квантитативний метод, квалітативний аналіз лексики.


1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Landers ◽  
Stephen H. Boutcher ◽  
Min Q. Wang

In the past 7 years JSP has evolved to become a respected sport psychology journal. The journal has been uncompromising in the strong research posture it has taken. It is currently the only journal entirely devoted to sport psychology that uses a single set of criteria for evaluating the scientific merit of submitted manuscripts. Over this time period the submitted manuscripts have shown an increase in the number of female principal authors as well as authors being affiliated with departments other than physical education. Survey studies were the most common submittals, but lately there has been a greater emphasis in field experimental studies. Some potential problem areas are noted in subject selection and choice of statistical tests. An examination of research areas revealed that in recent years "motivation" was the most frequently submitted topic. It appeared that other research areas varied in terms of their publishability. The common methodological problems associated with rejection of these types of manuscripts are discussed.


Author(s):  
Guy-Maurille Massamba

The geostrategic approach refers to China's method to rise as global power through worldwide trade expansion and the development of its military and naval capabilities. It creates clusters of countries interlinked as China's trade partners, thus being assets to its global ascent. China's importance in global trade is a function of its partners' behavior embracing its trade mechanism. The edges connecting nodes are multidirectional, implying that countries are as much interested in their China-induced interlinkages as they are in their partnership with China. This results in China's centrality, a quality gained from being dominant in trade partnerships in terms of numbers and significance. This chapter examines the approach, process, and historical, geographic, and behavioral components that China uses in its ascent as central node in the international trade network. It explores how underlying dimensions making China's national character conjointly devise its behavior in global trade.


Author(s):  
Owen P. Hall ◽  
Kenneth D. Ko

Management education has come a long way since Sir Isaac Pitman initiated the first correspondence course in the early 1840s. Today the demands from a globalized economy are causing a sea change in the way business education is being delivered. The traditional one-size-fits-all educational approach of the past is being replaced with a customized and flexible learning paradigm that focuses on student outcomes and performance. Management education collaboration networks can assist in this transformation. A primary function of a collaboration network is to provide the management education community with access to curriculum innovation, databases, cloud computing resources, mobile learning technologies and implementation strategies. The network design should be based on stakeholder attitudes, new learning technologies, globalization, changing demographics and sustainability. The purpose of this article is to highlight the results of a global survey on collaboration networks and to outline the role of cloud-based collaboration in the future of business education.


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