International Business Initiatives of the Turkish Enterprises in Global Trade

2016 ◽  
pp. 949-968
Author(s):  
Aytaç Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Firm Internationalization ◽  
The World ◽  
Multinational Businesses ◽  
North And South

The amount of trade and international business volume in the world has amounted considerably as a result of the fast moving globalization and declining borders especially after the 1990s. International business and trade are important tools for countries and enterprises to increase their volumes of production and commerce as well as enhance employment, increase the national income and raise revenue for enterprises to make further investments. Turkey is located at the threshold of Europe and Asia, consolidating East and West, and North and South at the convergence of various trade routes. However, despite of being close to various countries, a great deal of Turkey's export potential is focused on the EU and developed countries. However, the production means in Turkey are not adequate, so it imports factors of production from abroad by way of international business operations. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the theory of globalization, international business, firm internationalization process of businesses, impact direction of multinational businesses as well as the commercial operations of the Turkish enterprises, real and commercial abilities of the Turkish firms and international business activities on the global basis; compare this to its entire trade volume and propose comments on these issues resting on credible national and international publications and figures.1

International Business Initiatives of the Turkish Enterprises in Global Trade

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-186
Author(s):  
Aytaç Gökmen
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Firm Internationalization ◽  
The World ◽  
Multinational Businesses ◽  
North And South

The amount of trade and international business volume in the world has amounted considerably as a result of the fast moving globalization and declining borders especially after the 1990s. International business and trade are important tools for countries and enterprises to increase their volumes of production and commerce as well as enhance employment, increase the national income and raise revenue for enterprises to make further investments. Turkey is located at the threshold of Europe and Asia, consolidating East and West, and North and South at the convergence of various trade routes. However, despite of being close to various countries, a great deal of Turkey's export potential is focused on the EU and developed countries. However, the production means in Turkey are not adequate, so it imports factors of production from abroad by way of international business operations. Thus, the aim of this study is to review the theory of globalization, international business, firm internationalization process of businesses, impact direction of multinational businesses as well as the commercial operations of the Turkish enterprises, real and commercial abilities of the Turkish firms and international business activities on the global basis; compare this to its entire trade volume and propose comments on these issues resting on credible national and international publications and figures.

The International System, Labor-Force Structure, and the Growth and Distribution of National Income, 1950–1980

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
National Income ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Residual Plots ◽  
Cross National

The primary goal of the present study is to use cross-national data on labor-force structure to examine the manner in which the international system shapes the character of national development, and the consequences of variation in development strategy for the growth and distribution of national income. A complementary goal is to illustrate the use of residual plots to overcome the “black box” character of cross-national studies, and thereby provide a bridge to case-study research. Multivariate analyses and residual plots provide results congruent with both world-political-economy and developmental perspectives, and indicate that the world economy may be used by lesser developed countries to obtain more rapid and equitable economic growth, although this was not a natural outcome of the world economy in the 1960s and 1970s.

Beyond North and South: The Second Coming of the World Economy

Worldview ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Novak
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
North And South ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

The world economy and international economic institutions are in trouble. That, at least, is the opinion in informed circles following the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in Paris last spring. There is a growing realization that CIEC failed to grapple with the systemic problems the world economy faces, a failure that threatens developing and developed countries alike.Despite Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's dramatic call for a “new international economic system,” the Paris conference failed to address systemic issues. Instead, the developed nations of the North angled for a separation of the issues of energy from those of development; and the developing countries of the South closed ranks by linking the two. Consequently neither side truly debated the crushing problems of the world economy.

Intelligent Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Sundaravalli Narayanaswami
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Agent Architectures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

“Intelligent Transportation systems” is what everyone wants to know about, and about which very little is available as know-how. ITS technologies and monitoring systems are quite popular and reasonably well deployed in developed countries, particularly the roadways and airways. ITS holds a greater promise than ever before, as both availability of niche technologies and demand for more efficient transportation systems have increased multi-fold in recent years. Of late, there are huge railway projects all over the world that spans through several techniques, such as light / heavy rails, monorails etc. Apart from the social benefits that can be envisaged, these projects are genuine examples of public-private partnerships along with global business operations. Many of these projects demonstrate a classy trend of moving towards automation of operations of very large scales. Few agent architectures are discussed in brief in this chapter.

Intelligent Transportation Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 1740-1757
Author(s):  
Sundaravalli Narayanaswami
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Agent Architectures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

“Intelligent Transportation systems” is what everyone wants to know about, and about which very little is available as know-how. ITS technologies and monitoring systems are quite popular and reasonably well deployed in developed countries, particularly the roadways and airways. ITS holds a greater promise than ever before, as both availability of niche technologies and demand for more efficient transportation systems have increased multi-fold in recent years. Of late, there are huge railway projects all over the world that spans through several techniques, such as light / heavy rails, monorails etc. Apart from the social benefits that can be envisaged, these projects are genuine examples of public-private partnerships along with global business operations. Many of these projects demonstrate a classy trend of moving towards automation of operations of very large scales. Few agent architectures are discussed in brief in this chapter.

Intelligent Transportation Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 387-404
Author(s):  
Sundaravalli Narayanaswami
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Agent Architectures ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

“Intelligent Transportation systems” is what everyone wants to know about, and about which very little is available as know-how. ITS technologies and monitoring systems are quite popular and reasonably well deployed in developed countries, particularly the roadways and airways. ITS holds a greater promise than ever before, as both availability of niche technologies and demand for more efficient transportation systems have increased multi-fold in recent years. Of late, there are huge railway projects all over the world that spans through several techniques, such as light / heavy rails, monorails etc. Apart from the social benefits that can be envisaged, these projects are genuine examples of public-private partnerships along with global business operations. Many of these projects demonstrate a classy trend of moving towards automation of operations of very large scales. Few agent architectures are discussed in brief in this chapter.

scholarly journals Meeting the needs of CML patients in resource-poor countries

Hematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Malhotra ◽  
Jerald Radich ◽  
Pat Garcia-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
National Income ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Poor

Abstract Subsequent to the development and global availability of BCR/ABL–targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), at least those in the chronic phase, has markedly improved, and in the developed world, the average lifespan of these patients is now close to that of age- and sex-matched subjects without the disease. However, the situation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may not be so rosy. Many important differences in hematological cancers, including CML, have been highlighted in various publications in LMICs vs developed countries. These include differences in incidence and prevalence rates, age and stage of disease at diagnosis, response rates, and survival. Some of the possible reasons proposed for these are varying socioeconomic milieu (impacting availability of effective drugs and essential monitoring), environmental factors (mainly exposure to viral infections and pesticides), nutritional factors with interplay of malnutrition and diet on drug absorption and blood levels, and possible unknown genetic factors. Although generic first-generation TKIs (imatinib) are available in many parts of the world, several challenges remain in providing optimal treatment to patients with CML in resource-poor countries. Some of these include availability of optimal and high-quality BCR/ABL testing, availability and expense related to use of second- and third-generation TKIs (nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, issues with compliance and toxicities of drugs, and ensuring a minimal standard-of-care treatment and monitoring for every patient diagnosed with CML. For the purpose of this article, the more objective country label—LMIC—coined by the World Bank will be used (gross national income per capita between $1026 and $3995; World Bank, June 2019). Some of these issues will be discussed in this article in greater detail by experts in the field in 3 different but interconnected sections.

scholarly journals Modern Factors of Activating International Business in Ukraine and in the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
M. N. Leshchenko ◽  
◽  
V. M. Pasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
International Business ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of the modern factors of international business activation in Ukraine and the world. It has been noted that the last decade is characterized by the intensification of digital technologies and their active influence on the development of international economic activity. It has been confirmed that the most important factors in the intensification of international business are the development of information and communication technologies and the "fintech" technologies. It has been shown that the key carriers of modern digital technologies are the leading multinational corporations, which play a key role in the creation, development and dissemination of innovations. Modern TNCs directly affect new trends in international business, global competitiveness in international markets, as well as the economies of the world's economies. The article defines that in the current conditions of international business development it is becoming increasingly obvious that the interdependence between the activities of modern corporations and key trends in the world economy. Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to highlight the trends in the development of digitalization and informatization processes as the most important factors in the development of modern international business. It is necessary to study the indicators of economic activity of corporations in the sector of information and communication technologies. Results. It has been noted that the products of the ICT sector are used mainly by developed countries and especially by developing countries. The least developed countries and countries with economies in transition are almost not involved in this trade, but since 2017 they have been slowly increasing this trend. It has been confirmed that areas of international business differ significantly depending on the use of digital technologies. The risks and opportunities of digitalization for international companies have been identified. The indicators of the information and communication technologies’ development in Ukraine have been analyzed. The progressive development of the IT ecosystem in Ukraine in such elements as the number of IT outsourcing and product companies, the number of people employed in this industry, the growing market share of Ukrainian IT services and products have been identified. Among the modern world-class digital technologies that successfully transform the business environment within the country are the following: cloud computing, Internet of things, robotics, big data, machine learning, artificial intelligence, 3D printing and blockchain. It has been proved that among the main tasks of modern corporations today is the desire to gain new competitive advantages through the use of information and communication technologies, the full use of the needs of informatization of the world economy. Conclusions. Modern opportunities for TNCs in the information sphere are related to the sphere of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT creates new opportunities for better business conduct and quality, increased customer satisfaction, consumermanufacturer relationships, and generally increased business activity in the industry The risks of informatization have been identified, namely: the growth of cybercrime; strengthening the technological vulnerability of digital infrastructure; issues of aging of fixed assets and their safe disposal; possible weakening of technological and economic national security of individual countries due to the growth of technological dependence on foreign suppliers. The issues of possible job loss due to the development of the innovative industry and automation of production processes are becoming more relevant.

Disproportionality of Ukraine's Participation in International Business: Rethinking under Conditions of the New Stage of Global Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Zinchuk ◽  
Nataliia Kutsmus ◽  
Oksana Prokopchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Kovalchuk ◽  
Tetiana Usiuk
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Companies

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of Ukraine's participation in international business and determining the prospects of strengthening the country's position under conditions of the new stage of global development. It is established that Ukraine's international trade activity's dynamics and trends coincide with world trade trends. However, its share in global exports remains negligible (less than 0.25%). On the world market, the country is traditionally positioned as resource-oriented, steadily increasing the volume of resources exports, including agricultural products. Instead, the dynamics of the Ukrainian economy transnationalization is low and does not coincide with the high rate of this process development at the world and developed countries level. Transnational companies also perceive Ukraine as a country with a strong resource base and a large internal market. The scientific novelty of the study is the identification of the level of Ukraine's integration into the system of international economic relations and argumentation of the reasons and results of disproportional participation of the country in international business at all stages of its development.

scholarly journals COVID-19 amplifies urban inequalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Turok ◽  
Justin Visagie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Income ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
The World ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Spatial Impacts ◽  
Different Levels

COVID-19 has had asymmetrical spatial impacts across South Africa. New evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study: Coronavirus Rapid Mobile (NIDS-CRAM) survey shows that the pandemic and lockdown reflex have magnified pre-existing divisions within cities. Although COVID-19 has severely impacted the whole country, townships and informal settlements have proved more vulnerable than suburbs. As South Africa was already one of the most unevenly developed countries in the world, COVID-19 has widened the gap between places, which face very different levels of risk and resilience.

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