Kabuki as Multiple Narrative Structures

Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata

This chapter seeks to undertake a comprehensive survey and analysis of “kabuki” to aim to explore a narrative generation-reception and narrative production-consumption model of “kabuki” from the viewpoint of an information system, and in particular, a narrative generation system. A fundamental concept of the modeling is “multiplicity,” or multiple narrative structures. In addition, the author associates the model to the concept of the “Geino Information System: GIS,” representing a system model in which multiple narrative generation and production mechanisms or processes are included. This chapter also presents introductory knowledge on “kabuki”, including the history and basic terms, as background for the discussion.

Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata

This chapter undertakes a comprehensive survey and analysis of kabuki, aiming to explore a narrative generation-reception and a narrative production-consumption model of kabuki from the viewpoint of an information system and, in particular, a narrative generation system. A fundamental concept of the modeling is “multiplicity,” or multiple narrative structures. In addition, the author associates this model with the concept of the Geinō Information System (GIS), representing a system model in which multiple narrative generations and production mechanisms or processes are included. This chapter presents introductory knowledge on kabuki, including history and basic terms, as background for the discussion. In addition, this chapter shows the results of concrete analyses of kabuki's elements, including “person,” “story,” “tsukushi,” and “naimaze.”


Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata ◽  
Shin Asakawa

In this chapter, the authors focus on narrative contents by considering and analyzing narrative communication and simulation. In particular, the authors present the multiple narrative structures model and informational narratology as original theoretical frameworks in seeking to undertake narrative hierarchical and multiple structures and micro and macro structures. The authors also introduce, as designing and developing systems, the integrated narrative generation system (INGS) for implementing the narrative micro mechanism, and the geinō information system (GIS) for designing the macro mechanism. Furthermore, neural network technologies including deep learning are also introduced to show the technological possibility of implementing narrative generation systems. These show a synthesized approach or establish a paradigm for narrative generation studies.


First, this chapter introduces an idea that deals with narrative phenomena as the integration between the individual (narrative generation and reception system) and social levels (narrative production and consumption system); this idea is called the “multiple narrative structures model.” This chapter describes the future image of a human-machine symbiosis system that includes narrators and receivers as artificial intelligence. Furthermore, based on the concept of “visible narratives” and “invisible narratives,” the author analyzes the narrative components or elements to consider methods for synthesizing the analyzed elements. This idea of the analysis and synthesis of various narrative elements will be systematized in the “integrated narrative generation system.”


Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata

The author's narrative generation study is based on two types of systems: the integrated narrative generation system (INGS) as a single narrative generation and reception mechanism and the Geinō information system (GIS) as a multiple narrative production and consumption mechanism. The first theme of the chapter is to introduce an idea that deals with narrative phenomena as the integration of both systems. This theme is tied to the topic of narrative content creation by presenting kabuki narrative generation or kabuki-oriented narratology and Watakushi Monogatari as a collection of narrative content to be created by the author. Hence, the second objective is to describe kabuki-oriented narrative generation and the third is to explain the ideas, thoughts, and design underlying Watakushi Monogatari in the context of internal and external narrative generation to create and distribute narrative content. Through these three themes, this chapter bridges the gap between narrative generation systems and narrative content with kabuki-oriented narratology and Watakushi Monogatari.


From relationships to the level of multiple narrative structures, the geinō information system (GIS) described in the previous chapter corresponds to a social-level narrative generation mechanism beyond the narrative generation as a simple substance or as something including many narrative generation as a simple substance. From a wider viewpoint here, as an overview, this chapter attempts to discuss the future of the narrative generation systems. In this chapter, the author discusses the topic from two directions: external narrative generation and internal narrative generation. The “external” is the outer world beyond the “I” and ordinarily refers to a society or societies. Conversely, the “internal” is equal to the world inside the “I.” Therefore, although the practice of narrative generation toward the outer direction ordinarily indicates the social development of narrative generation, the practice of narrative generation toward the internal is equal to the direction of narrative generation study for drawing “I” in any style.


Author(s):  
Takashi Ogata

This chapter seeks to undertake a comprehensive structure of the author's narrative generation research. In particular, the chapter compactly shows the whole of the narrative generation studies as an indirect purpose by taking several concrete examples and aims to consider and discuss the respective components as the direct purpose. Through this chapter, the author presents an entire framework of narrative analyses in relation to the integrated narrative generation system and Geinō information system, and conducts the analyses of a novel by Yukio Mishima and several aspects of kabuki. The final part provides directions for partially incorporating the results of the narrative analyses of Mishima and kabuki into the above narrative generation systems. In relation to this book's title, Content Generation Through Narrative Communication and Simulation, this chapter selects “narrative content” as “content” to be generated, conducts the analyses of narrative “communication,” structure, and techniques, and attempts narrative “simulation” using the author's narrative generation systems.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisuke Akimoto ◽  
Takashi Ogata

Abstract “Focalization” is a narrative discourse technique that produces different narrative structures based on choosing unique perspectives from which to present a story. This study designs a focalization mechanism and presents an experimental implementation. The proposed system functions as part of our integrated narrative generation system (INGS). In addition, the approach computationally extends the conceptual research of focalization by Genette to techniques for narrative generation. We define focalization as a procedure to transform a story structure into discourse structures through the following two steps: 1) restricting the scope of story information perceived from a chosen perspective, and 2) generating a discourse structure based on perceived story information. In particular, we define two types of rules for restricting the perception scope based on: a) objective perceptible possibility of constituent elements in a story and b) situations or states in which constituent elements in a story are positioned. Based on the experimentally implemented system, we present generated examples from a story using different focalization types. Through analysis, we show that the basic function of the focalization mechanism was achieved by the aforementioned rules.


Although the author has previously written several papers on kabuki addressing the narrative generation of kabuki or kabuki as narrative generation, this chapter is a kind of synthesis. At first, the chapter provides a focused summary of what kabuki is, which has already been summarized in the author's previous papers, and presents the synthetic characteristics of kabuki as narrative generation. The next section describes the main 15 narrative elements or techniques and several cross-sectional elements or techniques beyond conceptual description. Through two types of systems, including an integrated narrative generation system (INGS) and geinō information system (GIS), the author presents an entire image and design of narrative generation mechanisms in kabuki. Dependent on the above, the last section explains in detail several elements and techniques of kabuki and presents ideas of concrete design and implementation of kabuki-related narrative generation systems by the author.


Although narrative philosophy or thought is the fundamental concept supporting this study, a point different from the previous studies relating to narrative philosophy is that this study aims to make products in the technological field of narrative generation systems instead of philosophy or thought about narrative itself. From the viewpoint of philosophy or thought, the narrative generation systems are applications. In contrast, from the goal of narrative generation systems, philosophy or thought corresponds to a kind of strategic framework for establishing the vision, strategy, and direction. In particular, the first philosophical concept is “multiple narrative structures.” Next, the author addresses the following three concepts: “circular narrative control,” “fluidity and fixation,” and “norm and deviation.” They are not concepts that are respectively individual. These philosophical concepts build the dynamic characteristics of narrative generation through their interrelationships.


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