Use of Laser Scanner for Digital Surveying of the Sarnicli Inn and the Byzantine Cistern Underneath

2017 ◽  
pp. 227-254
Author(s):  
Gülhan Benli ◽  
Eylem Görmüş Ekizce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Photogrammetric Measurement

Measurement methods including traditional measurement methods, topographic and photogrammetric measurement methods, measurements via laser scanning devices and aerial photogrammetric measurement methods obtained using model airplane or model helicopters are used in documentation of the cultural heritage and protected areas in our country. Although data obtained by Aerial Lidar technology accepted as advanced technology over the past decade, enables faster data comparing to others as data obtained by terrestrial laser scanners provide millimetre level accuracy close-range scanning methods are preferred in architectural facades scanning during the process of surveying of a single building. Inclusion process of a Byzantine cistern in Istanbul, Turkey, which was undiscovered for centuries, in our cultural heritage as well as surveying stages of the cistern along with the inn structure built over, using 3D scanning technology shall be described within this study.

Use of Laser Scanner for Digital Surveying of the Sarnicli Inn and the Byzantine Cistern Underneath

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-303
Author(s):  
Gülhan Benli ◽  
Eylem Görmüş Ekizce
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Photogrammetric Measurement

Measurement methods including traditional measurement methods, topographic and photogrammetric measurement methods, measurements via laser scanning devices and aerial photogrammetric measurement methods obtained using model airplane or model helicopters are used in documentation of the cultural heritage and protected areas in our country. Although data obtained by Aerial Lidar technology accepted as advanced technology over the past decade, enables faster data comparing to others as data obtained by terrestrial laser scanners provide millimetre level accuracy close-range scanning methods are preferred in architectural facades scanning during the process of surveying of a single building. Inclusion process of a Byzantine cistern in Istanbul, Turkey, which was undiscovered for centuries, in our cultural heritage as well as surveying stages of the cistern along with the inn structure built over, using 3D scanning technology shall be described within this study.

scholarly journals MULTI-WAVELENGTHS 3D LASER SCANNING FOR PIGMENT AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE FRESCOED CEILING <q>THE TRIUMPH OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE</q>

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guarneri ◽  
S. Ceccarelli ◽  
M. Ferri De Collibus ◽  
M. Francucci ◽  
M. Ciaffi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Pietro Da Cortona ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Laser Sources

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The modern 3D digitalization techniques open new scenarios on how to transmit to the next generations the state of health of Cultural Heritage (CH) buildings, paintings, frescos or statues. The final goal of the 3D digitalization is an exact replica of the acquired target, but a standard and unique technique able to digitalize artworks of different size and in different ambient light conditions is still far from being successfully ready for the CH field. Even if both laser scanning and photogrammetry can be considered mature techniques, applied with success in most of the Cultural Heritage study cases, they are limited in terms of colour digitalization and image quality in all the cases where ambient light and big sensor-target distances are crucial factors: differently to standard laser scanners, which collect colour information by the use of a coaxial camera and the distance by an IR laser source, the RGB-ITR (Red, Green and Blue Imaging Topological Radar) scanner, developed in ENEA, is equipped with three different laser sources for the simultaneous colour and distance estimation. The present work shows the results obtained applying the above-mentioned multi-wavelengths laser scanner for collecting a complete high-quality 3D colour model of “The Triumph of Divine Providence” vault, painted by Pietro da Cortona on the ceiling of the noble hall inside Palazzo Barberini in Rome.</p>

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING AND PHOTOREALISTIC MODEL RECONSTRUCTION FOR VIRTUAL MUSEUM APPLICATION – AN EXPERIENCE IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 763-771
Author(s):  
O. C. Wei ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
H. Setan ◽  
M. F. M. Ariff ◽  
K. M. Idris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Range Type ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Close Range

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, museums are utilizing the ability of virtual reality (VR) technologies to visualize their collections in three-dimensional (3D) environment. The demands for 3D digitization of cultural heritage have increase greatly to facilitate the development of virtual museum. Among the available techniques, the use of laser scanning for digital recording and 3D reproduction of the heritage sites and archaeological artefacts are technically more reliable due to its rapid and high resolution data capture. However, the suitable 3D laser scanners used greatly depend on the level of details and size of an object. This research used medium and close-range type of laser scanners to digitally record the heritage objects. The aim of this research was to develop methodology framework for digital recording and 3D reproduction of archaeological artefact and heritage sites in Malaysia by using terrestrial laser scanning technology. Besides, this research focused on the reconstruction of photorealistic 3D models based on the colour information yield by close-range photogrammetry. The colour descriptions were obtained either by built-in camera or externally integrated camera on the laser scanner. For better colour descriptions, external images were captured by independent Nikon D300s digital camera. The geometric model accuracy of A’Famosa and terracotta Buddha statuette was in 5<span class="thinspace"></span>mm and 0.41<span class="thinspace"></span>mm respectively. 3D <i>flythrough</i> animation was rendered by using the coloured point clouds model. The development of 3D Virtual Walkthrough Museum (3DVWM) utilized the 3D PDF document and SCENE WebShare platform to offer realistic visualization experience to the visitors where the reality-based models could be manipulate in 3D geometric aspects and use of metric analysis. Thus, 3DVWM can facilitate the virtual museum application in Malaysia and enable wider visitors to virtually appreciate the cultural heritage in Malaysia. Thus, this indirectly stimulates the tourism industry in our country.</p>

scholarly journals FINE REGISTRATION OF KILO-STATION NETWORKS - A MODERN PROCEDURE FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA SETS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
J.-F. Hullo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Models ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fine Registration

We propose a complete methodology for the fine registration and referencing of kilo-station networks of terrestrial laser scanner data currently used for many valuable purposes such as 3D as-built reconstruction of Building Information Models (BIM) or industrial asbuilt mock-ups. This comprehensive target-based process aims to achieve the global tolerance below a few centimetres across a 3D network including more than 1,000 laser stations spread over 10 floors. This procedure is particularly valuable for 3D networks of indoor congested environments. In situ, the use of terrestrial laser scanners, the layout of the targets and the set-up of a topographic control network should comply with the expert methods specific to surveyors. Using parametric and reduced Gauss-Helmert models, the network is expressed as a set of functional constraints with a related stochastic model. During the post-processing phase inspired by geodesy methods, a robust cost function is minimised. At the scale of such a data set, the complexity of the 3D network is beyond comprehension. The surveyor, even an expert, must be supported, in his analysis, by digital and visual indicators. In addition to the standard indicators used for the adjustment methods, including Baarda’s reliability, we introduce spectral analysis tools of graph theory for identifying different types of errors or a lack of robustness of the system as well as <i>in fine</i> documenting the quality of the registration.

scholarly journals THE FACADE’S DOME OF THE ST. ANTHONY’S BASILICA IN PADUA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diaz ◽  
S. M. Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Human Effort

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The basilica of St. Anthony in Padua (13th–14th cent.) is one of the most remarkable pilgrimage sites in Italy. To date, the monument itself has never been subject to a comprehensive stratigraphic analysis. Important information about the construction sequence of the building may be conserved in the domed roofs protecting the inner masonry shells.</p><p>The present paper will focus on the dome next to the facade. During the survey, data acquisition via laser scanner have been flanked by standard tasks. Specifically, the stratification analysis of the timber framework of the dome requires to measure the entire structure, including parts with difficult access, and calls for many scan bases to go further the sight obstacles represented by the rafters and the horizontal collar-beams. Therefore, application of laser scanning might appear difficult at first sight.</p><p>The authors will show that the approach confirms the suitability of the laser scanner technology in facing the general complexity of the structure. The development of a graphic documentation in CAD environment entailed a manageable complexity in terms of time-consumption and precision in data processing. So far, the plans reveal the irregular profile of the dome in its inner masonry shell, and of the outer masonry drum. The sections show a two-centre curvature of the elevation of the outer timber shell. However, the joints among the rafters, ribs, and tie-beams still require a series of traditional in-depth assessments acquired in close-range access.</p><p>Nevertheless, the pragmatic investigative modus operandi, tested up to now, does represent a fixed protocol suitable to be iterated and perfected for each cupola. In such complex structures, the laser scanning process confirms to be a valid strategy to reach a good compromise between time consumption, human effort, and millimetre precision. In this way, the collected material provides a first contribution to acquire knowledge on this Italian medieval masterpiece, which stands out on the international scenario for its historical richness and architectural complexity.</p>

scholarly journals Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Settled Techniques: A Support to Detect Pathologies and Safety Conditions of Timber Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Bertolini-Cestari ◽  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Stefano Invernizzi ◽  
Tanja Marzi ◽  
Antonia Spanò
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Close Range ◽  
High Resolution Model ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Non Destructive

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for detailed geometrical representation of the existing cultural heritage, in particular to improve the comprehension of interactions between different phenomena and to allow a better decisional and planning process. The LiDAR technology (Light Detection and Ranging) can be adopted in different fields, ranging from aerial applications to mobile and terrestrial mapping systems. One of the main target of this study is to propose an integration of innovative and settled inquiring techniques, ranging from the reading of the technological system, to non-destructive tools for diagnosis and 3D metric modeling of buildings heritage. Many inquiring techniques, including Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) method, have been exploited to study the main room of the Valentino Castle in Torino. The so-called “Salone delle Feste”, conceived in the XVIIth century under the guidance of Carlo di Castellamonte, has been selected as a test area. The beautiful frescos and stuccoes of the domical vault are sustained by a typical Delorme carpentry, whose span is among the largest of their kind. The dome suffered from degradation during the years, and a series of interventions were put into place. A survey has revealed that the suspender cables above the vault in the region close to the abutments have lost their tension. This may indicate an increase of the vault deformation; therefore a structural assessment of the dome is mandatory. The high detailed metric survey, carried out with integrated laser scanning and digital close range photogrammetry, reinforced the structural hypothesis of damages and revealed the deformation effects. In addition, the correlation between the survey-model of the intrados and of the extrados allowed a non-destructive and extensive determination of the dome thickness. The photogram-metrical survey of frescos, with the re-projection of images on vault surface model (texture mapping), is purposed to exactly localize formers restoration and their signs on frescos continuity. The present paper illustrates the generation of the 3D high-resolution model and its relations with the results of the structural survey; both of them support the Finite Element numerical simulation of the dome.

scholarly journals The Development of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology And Its Applications in Mine Shafts in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMASZ Lipecki ◽  
Kim THI THU HUONG
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Proper Operation

Laser scanners are used more and more as surveying instruments for various applications. With the advance of high precisions systems, laser scanner devices can work in most real-world environments under many different conditions. In the field of mining surveying open up a new method with data capturing. Mining industry requires precise data in order to be able to have a as-built documentation of the facility. Nowadays, the mines are increasingly deepened. For the safe operation of the underground mine, special attention is paid to vertical transport and a set of devices supporting it, mounted in mining shafts. All components must meet stringent criteria for proper operation. The classic geodetic measurements and mechanical tests are long-lasting and do not always provide the full range of information needed about the condition of the object. This paper reports about terrestrial laser scanning method and system mobile terrestrial laser scanning, which has been applied at many vertical shafts in mines of Poland for determining geometric deformation of vertical shaft elements. This system gives high precision 1-3 mm in every horizontal cross – section. Processing time is very quickly and need only few staff to implement all system.

scholarly journals TRIANGULATION AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT BASED 3D DIGITISATION TECHNIQUES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
C. Altuntas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Dense Point

Abstract. This study aims to introduce triangulation and ToF measurement techniques used in three-dimensional modelling of cultural heritages. These measurement techniques are traditional photogrammetry, SfM approach, laser scanning and time-of-flight camera. The computer based approach to photogrammetric measurement that is named SfM creates dense point cloud data in a short time. It is low-cost and very easy to application. However traditional photogrammetry needs a huge effort for creating 3D wire-frame model. On the other hand active measurement techniques such as terrestrial laser scanner and time-of-flight camera have also been used in three-dimensional modelling for more than twenty years. Each one has specific accuracy and measurement effectiveness. The large or small structures have different characters, and require proper measurement configurations. In this study, after these methods are introduced, their superior and weak properties in cultural heritage modelling to make high accuracy, high density and labour and cost effective measurement.

scholarly journals ONLY IMAGE BASED FOR THE 3D METRIC SURVEY OF GOTHIC STRUCTURES BY USING FRAME CAMERAS AND PANORAMIC CAMERAS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez Ramos ◽  
G. Robleda Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Panoramic Cameras ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Close Range

Indoor Gothic apse provides a complex environment for virtualization using imaging techniques due to its light conditions and architecture. Light entering throw large windows in combination with the apse shape makes difficult to find proper conditions to photo capture for reconstruction purposes. Thus, documentation techniques based on images are usually replaced by scanning techniques inside churches. Nevertheless, the need to use Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for indoor virtualization means a significant increase in the final surveying cost. So, in most cases, scanning techniques are used to generate dense point clouds. However, many Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) internal cameras are not able to provide colour images or cannot reach the image quality that can be obtained using an external camera. Therefore, external quality images are often used to build high resolution textures of these models. This paper aims to solve the problem posted by virtualizing indoor Gothic churches, making that task more affordable using exclusively techniques base on images. It reviews a previous proposed methodology using a DSRL camera with 18-135 lens commonly used for close range photogrammetry and add another one using a HDR 360° camera with four lenses that makes the task easier and faster in comparison with the previous one. Fieldwork and office-work are simplified. The proposed methodology provides photographs in such a good conditions for building point clouds and textured meshes. Furthermore, the same imaging resources can be used to generate more deliverables without extra time consuming in the field, for instance, immersive virtual tours. In order to verify the usefulness of the method, it has been decided to apply it to the apse since it is considered one of the most complex elements of Gothic churches and it could be extended to the whole building.

scholarly journals 3D COMPARISON TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING IN CULTURAL HERITAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Selvaggi ◽  
M. Dellapasqua ◽  
F. Franci ◽  
A. Spangher ◽  
D. Visintini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Terrestrial remote sensing techniques, including both Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP), have been recently used in multiple applications and projects with particular reference to the documentation/inspection of a wide variety of Cultural Heritage structures.<br> The high density of TLS point cloud data allows to perform structure survey in an unprecedented level of detail, providing a direct solution for the digital three-dimensional modelling, the site restoration and the analysis of the structural conditions. Textural information provided by CRP can be used for the photorealistic representation of the surveyed structure. With respect to many studies, the combination of TLS and CRP techniques produces the best results for Cultural Heritage documentation purposes. Moreover, TLS and CRP point cloud data have been proved to be useful in the field of deformation analysis and structural health monitoring. They can be the input data for the Finite Element Method (FEM), providing some prior knowledge concerning the material and the boundary conditions such as constraints and loading.<br> The paper investigates the capabilities and advantages of TLS and CRP data integration for the three-dimensional modelling compared to a simplified geometric reconstruction. This work presents some results concerning the Baptistery of Aquileia in Italy, characterized by an octagonal plan and walls composed by masonry stones with good texture.

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