Learning to Theorize from Practice

Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hodges ◽  
Heidi Mills ◽  
Brett Blackwell ◽  
Julius Scott ◽  
Sally Somerall

Too often, university methods courses privilege theory and expect teacher candidates to imagine what it means for classroom practice. This chapter illustrates the power of innovative methods courses with embedded field experiences because they are designed to offer intentional and systematic opportunities for teacher candidates to theorize from practice each and every class period. Using as an example Brett, a former teacher candidate and now early career 2nd grade teacher, we illustrate Brett's meaning-making of classroom based experiences both within the teacher education program and into her own classroom as we describe the design of English-language arts and mathematics methods courses for preservice teachers that leverage embedded field experiences.

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Dávila ◽  
Meghan E. Barnes

Purpose Grounded in the scholarship addressing teacher self-censorship around controversial topics, this paper aims to investigate a three-part research question: How do secondary English language arts (ELA) teacher–candidates (TCs) in the penultimate semester of their undergraduate teacher education program position political texts/speeches, interpret high school teens’ political standpoints and view the prospects of discussing political texts/speeches with students? The study findings provide insights to the ways some TCs might position themselves as novice ELA teachers relative to political texts/speeches, students, colleagues and families in their future school communities. Design/methodology/approach Audio-recorded data from whole-class and small-group discussions were coded for TCs’ positioning of political texts/speeches, interpretations of teens’ political standpoints and viewpoints on discussing with students President Obama’s speech, “A More Perfect Union” (“A.M.P.U.”) The coded data set was further analyzed to identify themes across the TCs’ perspectives. Findings The data set tells the story of a group of TCs whose positionalities, background knowledge and practical experiences in navigating divergent perspectives would influence both their daily selection and censorship of political texts/speeches like “A.M.P.U.” and their subsequent willingness to guide equitable yet critical conversations about controversial issues in the secondary ELA classroom. Originality/value In advance of the 2018 midterm elections, this paper considers how the common core state standards’ (CCSS) recommendations to include more nonfiction documents in ELA instruction positions ELA teachers to provide interdisciplinary support in helping students think critically about political issues. It expands on the body of scholarship that, thus far, has been primarily grounded in the research on social studies instruction.


Author(s):  
Christina Janise McIntyre ◽  
Angela M. Cartwright ◽  
Stacia C. Miller

The purpose of this case study was to determine if the common practice of Impact on Student Learning (ISL) projects, such as those found in the edTPA and TK20 systems, is adequately preparing preservice teachers to engage in the kinds of action research that are necessary for continuously improving classroom practice. In these projects, teacher candidates administer pre- and post-tests, then determine the efficacy of the lessons between by comparing the scores. While ISL projects provide exposure to assessment for planning, it leaves preservice teachers underprepared for the types of action research that are required for continuously improving classroom practice. Preservice teachers would benefit from additional experiences with research during their undergraduate education programs in order to increase their efficacy, and interest, in classroom research practices.


Author(s):  
S. Michael Putman

Colleges of education are under pressure to produce globally competent teachers. Within this context, there has been increasing support for participation in international field experiences. This chapter presents findings associated with a study abroad experience on preservice teachers' cultural awareness and efficacy for culturally responsive practices. Implications will address the development of understanding of the various issues that surround international teaching experiences for preservice candidates.


2016 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
George Zhou ◽  
Judy Xu

Today's teachers are expected to use digital technologies in their teaching. However, teacher education programs do not yet effectively develop teachers' capabilities to teach with technology. In order to search for best approaches, this chapter starts with an epistemological discussion on knowledge, and then moves to a more specific discussion about the nature of preservice teachers' learning about using technology to teach. Using the framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, the chapter argues that methods courses of a teacher education program are the key space where preservice teachers can be trained to use technology in subject teaching. Particularly, the Microteaching Lesson Study approach in methods courses was considered an effective way for the development of technology proficiency. A small recent supports the arguments and articulates the success and challenges of the Microteaching Lesson Study approach.


Author(s):  
Nancy B. Sardone

Gaming has become a core activity with children and more teachers are using games for teaching content than they did five years ago. Yet, teachers report that they learn about game titles, impact studies, and facilitation techniques through their own initiatives or from other teachers rather than from their teacher education program. This chapter reports on a combined curricular strategy built on game strategy research that asked teacher candidates (n= 125) to discuss news headlines about games, play educational games, review games, and game research, teach others how to play educational games, and construct games. Findings reveal that candidates saw value in using games in K-12 to teach content, were able to develop assessments based on game content at a novice level, and were able to construct games either alone or in small groups. Educators contemplating gaming as an instructional strategy may be interested in the espoused combination strategy to encourage game adoption in K-12 settings.


Author(s):  
Sandra Browning

Research has demonstrated an interest in the relationship between teachers’ questioning strategies and children’s ability to reason and learn (Baroody & Ginsburg, 1990; Buschman, 2001; Fennema, Franke, Carpenter & Carey, 1993). Helping preservice teachers develop effective questioning strategies is an important component of a teacher education program. This session describes an exploration designed to determine if EC-6 preservice teachers can (a) recognize effective questioning strategies when observing inservice teachers and (b) use Hess’s Cognitive Rigor Matrix to analyze the level and effectiveness of their own questioning strategies during field experiences.


2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ryan Lavery ◽  
Joyce Nutta ◽  
Alison Youngblood

Researchers compared pre/post classroom assessment scores of n = 8,326 K-12 students taught by n = 288 teacher candidates to determine if a differentiated teacher education program prepared them to support English learners’ (ELs) achievement in classrooms including native and nonnative speakers of English. Candidates in Group 1 comprised academic subject (secondary mathematics, science, and social studies) teacher candidates, who completed six teacher preparation courses with 15 key assignments that included a focus on ELs. Certification areas for Group 2 candidates include language arts instruction (elementary, early childhood, and secondary English language arts). Group 2 candidates completed from 12 to 15 courses with 41 to 50 key assignments that included a focus on ELs. Results indicate that teacher candidates in both groups helped narrow the gap between ELs and non-ELs from pretests to posttests. ELs performed no differently when taught by candidates from either group. Implications for teacher preparation are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Melodie Cook ◽  
Howard Brown

Preservice training for secondary-school teachers in Japan has been criticized as inconsistent and ineffective and is seen to have little influence on their teaching repertoire. Early career teachers tend to be more strongly influenced by their experiences as students and their observation of senior teachers. However, they lack training in how to effectively observe lessons. In this study, we explored preservice teachers using classroom-observation rubrics while studying abroad as a method to encourage them to observe other teachers’ lessons more effectively. Results show that these preservice teachers noted aspects of their teacher’s classroom practice including flexibility in the pace and flow of the lesson, techniques for classroom management, and attention to students’ individual needs and progress. Results also indicate that the relatively simple intervention, introducing a classroom-observation rubric and encouraging discussion about it, was a catalyst for students to become reflective and critical observers of senior teachers’ classroom practice. 日本の中等教育向けの教職課程は、一貫性がなく、効果がないと言われている。実践的指導力の養成に与える影響は弱い。若手教員はむしろ、自身の学生時代の経験や先輩教員の授業観察を通して、より強い影響を受けているようだ。しかし、教職課程の学生には、授業を効果的に観察するための訓練の機会が不足している。本稿では、海外研修プログラムに参加中の教員志望の学生に、先輩教員の授業を効果的に観察する方法として授業観察の注意項目を提示し、その結果を調査した。研究対象者は、授業中の教員がとる、進め方の調整や、全体をまとめつつ、学生ひとりひとりにあった働きかけを行うといった授業運営の特徴への気づきがあった。また、この授業観察時の注意項目を提示し、気づいた点を話し合うといった比較的単純な作業によって、研究対象者が先輩教員の授業をより意識的かつ批判的に観察できるようになった。


Author(s):  
Patricia A Talbot

This theoretical study uses the context of the writer’s personal encounters in Malawi, Africa, to propose a conceptual model for creating diverse field experiences based on best practices in critical pedagogy, service learning, and the underpinnings of transformational learning theory, for the purpose of increasing the probability of meaningful and sustainable personal growth that impacts classroom practice over time. The visual framework proposed illustrates the overlap and the unique qualities of these three often-used perspectives for building cultural competencies for teachers and makes the case for incorporating all three when designing experiential learning opportunities with recommendations for how to do so.


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