Logic and Proof in Computer Science

2017 ◽  
pp. 218-240
Author(s):  
John W. Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Algorithmic Complexity ◽  
Proof Techniques ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
Striking Fact ◽  
The Way

Computer software pervades our lives today. Nevertheless, software is one of the few products for which producers generally provide no express or implied warranties, a truly striking fact since peoples' lives depend in such fundamental ways on these products. This article addresses why such an unintuitive (and undesirable) situation might exist. It will catalog a range of computer science proof techniques and their historical antecedents, the purposes they serve, and several foundational concerns that elude proof techniques of any kind. Along the way, the concept of intractability and its role in computing will be explored as it pertains to algorithmic complexity and to proofs of the meanings of computer programs.

PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Jannah Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs

AbstrakPerangkat lunak (softwarer) adalah kumpulan beberapa perintah yang dieksekusi oleh mesin komputer dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. Perangkat lunak ini merupakan catatan bagi mesin komputer untuk menyimpann perintah, maupun dokumen serta arsip lainnya. Perangkat lunak atau peranti lunak (bahasa inggris software) adalah istilah khusus untuk data yang diformat, dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca, dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain sistem komputer yang tidak berwujud. Kata kunci : perangkat lunak komputerAbstractSoftware is a collection of several commands that are executed by a computer machine in carrying out its work. This software is a record for computer machines to store orders, as well as documents and other archives. Software is a special term for data that is formatted and stored digitally, including computer programs, documentation, and various information that can be read, and written by computers. In other words, part of a computer system that is intangible. Keywords : computer software

PERANGKAT LUNAK KOMPUTER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Nabilah Damni
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Executable Programs

AbstrakSoftware komputer atau perangkat lunak komputer merupakan kumpulan instruksi (program atau prosedur) untuk dapat melaksanakan pekerjaan secara otomatis dengan cara mengolah atau memproses kumpulan intruksi (data) yang diberikan. (Yahfizham, 2019 : 19) Sebagian besar dari software komputer dibuat oleh (programmer) dengan menggunakan bahasa pemprograman. Orang yang membuat bahasa pemprograman menuliskan perintah dalam bahasa pemprograman seperti layaknya bahasa yang digunakan oleh orang pada umumnya dalam melakukan perbincangan. Perintah-perintah tersebut dinamakan (source code). Program komputer lainnya dinamakan (compiler) yang digunakan pada (source code) dan kemudian mengubah perintah tersebut kedalam bahasa yang dimengerti oleh komputer lalu hasilnya dinamakan program executable (EXE). Pada dasarnya, komputer selalu memiliki perangkat lunak komputer atau software yang terdiri dari sistem operasi, sistem aplikasi dan bahasa pemograman.AbstractComputer software or computer software is a collection of instructions (programs or procedures) to be able to carry out work automatically by processing or processing the collection of instructions (data) provided. (Yahfizham, 2019: 19) Most of the computer software is made by (programmers) using the programming language. People who make programming languages write commands in the programming language like the language used by people in general in conducting conversation. The commands are called (source code). Other computer programs called (compilers) are used in (source code) and then change the command into a language understood by the computer and the results are called executable programs (EXE). Basically, computers always have computer software or software consisting of operating systems, application systems and programming languages.

scholarly journals The analysis of the accuracy of spatial models using photogrammetric software: Agisoft Photoscan and Pix4D

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Barbasiewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Widerski ◽  
Karol Daliga
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Cloud Points

This article was created as a result of research conducted within the master thesis. The purpose of the measurements was to analyze the accuracy of the positioning of points by computer programs. Selected software was a specialized computer software dedicated to photogrammetric work. For comparative purposes it was decided to use tools with similar functionality. As the basic parameters that affect the results selected the resolution of the photos on which the key points were searched. In order to determine the location of the determined points, it was decided to follow the photogrammetric resection rule. In order to automate the measurement, the measurement session planning was omitted. The coordinates of the points collected by the tachymetric measure were used as a reference system. The resulting deviations and linear displacements oscillate in millimeters. The visual aspects of the cloud points have also been briefly analyzed.

scholarly journals Patterns of Nestedness in Carnivorous Mammals in the Arauca-Nía Coastal Mountains of Southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Sanhueza ◽  
Wladimir Moya ◽  
Jaime R. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Nested Subsets ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract: The probability of existence or not of local extinctions of six species of carnivorous mammals was analyzed by ordering the species composition in nested subsets in 7 fragments of forest habitats in the Coastal Mountains in the Araucanía Region, in southern Chile. Nested Temperature Calculator (NTC) and BINMATNEST computer programs were used to process the results. The first software provided a temperature in the archipelago of 28.21 degree Celsius, whereas the second program showed a nesting temperature of 16.58 degree Celsius. The computer software used in this study suggest that there is no nesting pattern at the level species composition of carnivorous mammal assemblage in the evaluated area, which may be due to the habitat use characteristics of the different carnivorous mammals studied here.

Computer science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yashin ◽  
Anna Kolodenkova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Information Models ◽  
State Educational

The book describes the main topics of modern computer science: branch of theoretical computer science, associated with the analysis of different information models; section of computer technology, dedicated to the development of common principles of computer systems; section of programming devoted to the principles of algorithms and computer software. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying information technologies in the framework of the discipline "Informatics", graduate students, university teachers and anyone interested in modern information technologies.

Object-Oriented Programming in Computer Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 7470-7480
Author(s):  
Rahime Yilmaz ◽  
Anil Sezgin ◽  
Sefer Kurnaz ◽  
Yunus Ziya Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Application Programming

A program is composed of commands, which runs within a computer or an electronic circuit. Programming is a mathematical methodology to write a program and to encode the algorithm into a notation. It can be classified into two groups such as system and application programming. System programming is a branch of the general programming that is composed of low level instructions which are used to operate and handle computer hardware. Application programming is considered as the improved version of the computer programs which can perform specific tasks. One of the application programming types is the object-oriented programming (OOP) which is about how information is represented in human mind. OOP is useful to provide easy modeling in design and developing real entities. This approach is aimed to model the entities and the relationships existing between them. OOP enables to define the required classes to create the objects and to apply modifications on them. The inherent properties of OOP are modularity, extensibility and reusability. This chapter provides a substantial survey of OOP.

Worshiping Computers

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Gary Smith ◽  
Jay Cordes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Square Roots ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Computer software, particularly deep neural networks and Monte Carlo simulations, are extremely useful for the specific tasks that they have been designed to do, and they will get even better, much better. However, we should not assume that computers are smarter than us just because they can tell us the first 2000 digits of pi or show us a street map of every city in the world. One of the paradoxical things about computers is that they can excel at things that humans consider difficult (like calculating square roots) while failing at things that humans consider easy (like recognizing stop signs). They can’t pass simple tests like the Winograd Schema Challenge because they do not understand the world the way humans do. They have neither common sense nor wisdom. They are our tools, not our masters.

30. Computer technology and intellectual property

2019 ◽  
pp. 594-628
Author(s):  
Paul Torremans
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Semiconductor Chip

This chapter discusses five issues: the availability of patent protection for computer hardware and for computer software (computer programs); copyright in computer software; databases and the sui generis right; the Internet; and semiconductor chip protection.

Computer Skills, Technostress, and Gender in Higher Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Sonya S. Gaither Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
The Way

The creation of computer software and hardware, telecommunications, databases, and the Internet has affected society as a whole, and particularly higher education by giving people new productivity options and changing the way they work (Hulbert, 1998). In the so-called “information age” the increasing use of technology has become the driving force in the way people work, learn, and play (Drake, 2000). As this force evolves, the people using technology change also (Nelson, 1990). Adapting to technology is not simple. Some people tend to embrace change while others resist change (Wolski & Jackson, 1999). Before making a decision on whether to embrace technology or not, people may look at the practical and social consequences of accepting change. Therefore, the technology acceptance model, the accepting or resisting of technology is considered to be a form of reasoned behavior (Wolski & Jackson, 1999).

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