Business Development and Environmental Impact in the Solar (PV) Field

The techno-economic analysis of a PV system is designed to measure the viability of the designed system from an economical and technological point of view assuming some specific environmental conditions. In this research, for the techno-economic analysis of PV system the authors are focused on four general categories of factors which are highly influential on the investment decision in this field. These are the PV system costs, the electricity cost, the sunlight and other environmental characteristics and the financial incentives. Each of this factors is analyzed in order to understand and evaluate the general conditions that influence the decision in the photovoltaic business. The methodology that is used for explaining the real business environment in PV field and the main indicators that can estimate the investment profitability is the case study related to formal opportunities for developing PV investment projects in Romania. The investors in PV field have to understand the life cycle of a PV system that can give an overlook of the cost reduction opportunities and also make them sensible to the decommissioning phase of such an investment. For future investments in the PV field in Europe the authors identified and analyzed the main factors that characterize the PV business development in the next period.

Author(s):  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Robert Staiger

The techno-economic analysis of a PV system is designed to measure the viability of the designed system from an economical and technological point of view assuming some specific environmental conditions. In this research, for the techno-economic analysis of PV system the authors are focused on four general categories of factors which are highly influential on the investment decision in this field. These are the PV system costs, the electricity cost, the sunlight and other environmental characteristics and the financial incentives. Each of this factors is analyzed in order to understand and evaluate the general conditions that influence the decision in the photovoltaic business. The methodology that is used for explaining the real business environment in PV field and the main indicators that can estimate the investment profitability is the case study related to formal opportunities for developing PV investment projects in Romania. The investors in PV field have to understand the life cycle of a PV system that can give an overlook of the cost reduction opportunities and also make them sensible to the decommissioning phase of such an investment. For future investments in the PV field in Europe the authors identified and analyzed the main factors that characterize the PV business development in the next period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Kareem Mohammed ◽  
Nabeel Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Luay Hadher Hazzaa

Major developments and rapid changes in the business environment and increased competition have made the wishes of the customer constantly fluctuating, and this is what made the companies look at it as a moving goal and not a fixed target, as change became imperative and the obligation of companies. And from this point of view the study has tried the literature of the field of accounting towards new ways in dealing with the strategic dimensions of quality, cost, and time and making them respond in a way that is positive with the wishes of the customer by knowing the needs of the customer and then managing its impact on these dimensions. Continuous improvement has been used to keep competitiveness away from sustainable competitive advantage to determine the cost of activities to manufacture the product and the removal of activities that do not add any valuation, the results have led to an exit. With the conclusion that the orientation towards the dimensions of quality has become time-consuming and the way in which the company's visions are linked to a strategy that includes the integration of these dimensions according to a strategic perspective that contributes to achieving customer satisfaction. It is more useful than moving towards individual smetres. 


2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Githin Alapatt ◽  
Guneet Bedi

With the advent of solar panels and windmills, and our ability to generate and use electrical energy locally without the need for long-range transmission, the world is about to witness transformational changes in energy infrastructure. The use of photovoltaics (PV) as source of direct current (DC) power reduces the cost and improves the reliability of PV system. DC microgrid and nanogrid based on PV and storage can provide sustainable electric power to all human beings in equitable fashion. Bulk volume manufacturing of batteries will lead to cost reduction in a manner similar to the cost reduction experience of PV module manufacturing. Future manufacturing innovations and R & D directions are discussed that can further reduce the cost of PV system. If the current trends of PV growth continue, we expect PV electricity cost with storage to reach $0.02 per kWh in the next 8-10 years.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (59) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Everton Das Neves GONÇALVES

RESUMO Objetivo: O trabalho registra as primeiras impressões, em especial, no Brasil, em março de 2020, sobre origem e avanço do COVID-19 a partir de uma situação anômala de quarentena física. Como objetivo geral, o estudo investiga a visão espiritualista da análise econômica do Direito como instrumental para implementar alteridade nas relações sociais. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de método dedutivo e com recurso à análise bibliográfica e documental; tem como marco teórico, autores neoinstitucionalistas como Douglas North e Joseph Schumpeter e espíritas como Francisco Candido Xavier e Divaldo Pereira Franco. Resultados: Conclui-se que o COVID-19 propicia a oportunidade para a difusão de visão político-econômico-jurídica, voltada para a alteridade e a felicidade, a necessidade de mudança na forma de agir individual e coletiva para que seja possível a felicidade. O COVID-19 vem como mais um instrumento de “reorganização” da humanidade, ainda que o custo de vidas seja tão alto do ponto de vista existencial. O ceifar da morte ainda nos deixa perplexos; porém, do ponto de vista da essência humana, grandes aprendizados podem ser introjetados em nossa experiência de vida. Contribuições: O trabalho registra a origem e avanço do COVID-19, destacando a necessidade de mudança no agir individual e coletivo, possibilitando a felicidade. Especificamente, objetiva alertar para a necessidade de comportamento econômicojurídico, visando o bem econômico social através da “autodestruição renovadora eficiente-econômico-social” (ADRECOS). Palavras-chave: Direito e Economia; Direito e felicidade; análise econômica do Direito e o COVID-19. ABSTRACT Objective: The paper records the first impressions, especially in Brazil, in March 2020, about the origin and advance of COVID-19 from an anomalous physical quarantine situation. As a general objective, the study investigates the spiritualist view of economic analysis of Law as instrumental to implement otherness in social relations. Methodology: This is a qualitative research, using a deductive method and bibliographic and documentary analysis; has as its theoretical framework, neoinstitutionalist authors such as Douglas North and Joseph Schumpeter and spiritualist such as Francisco Cândido Xavier and Divaldo Pereira Franco. Results: It is concluded that COVID-19 provides the opportunity for the diffusion of a political-economic-legal view, focused on otherness and happiness, the need to change the way of acting individually and collectively, so that happiness is possible. COVID-19 comes as another instrument for the “reorganization” of humanity, even though the cost of living is so high from an existential point of view. The reaping of death still perplexes us; however, from the point of view of human essence, great learnings can be introjected into our life experience. Contributions: The work records the origin and progress of COVID-19, highlighting the need for change in individual and collective action, enabling happiness.Specifically, it aims to alert to the need for economic-legal behavior, aiming at the social economic good through the “efficient-economic-social renovating selfdestruction” (ADRECOS). Keywords: Law and Economics; Law and happiness; economic analysis of Law and COVID-19.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Das ◽  
Pradip K Sadhu ◽  
Suprava Chakraborty ◽  
Malayendu Saha ◽  
Moumita Sadhu

In this paper, life cycle economic analysis (LCEA) of stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is performed. It is tested for their commercial prospects in remote regions of India, which do not have a direct access of grid supply. Availability of grid supply depends on the population density. Solar PV technology is one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of generation of electricity particularly in remote areas. Overall lifetime expenditures related to the power projects are analyzed and compared with the help of net present worth (NPW) theory. In the context of a developing country like India, it is found that the cost effectiveness of conventional or ‘green’ power driven sources depends on kW rating of generators and daily demand of consumers. The demand coverage, which would determine the commercial viability of renewable and non-renewable sources is calculated considering the practical power rating of generators available in the local market. This study is intended to assist planning of financial matters with regard to installing small to medium scale electric power generation using solar PV module in remote areas of India.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Carli ◽  
Mariagrazia Dotoli ◽  
Salvatore Digiesi ◽  
Francesco Facchini ◽  
Giorgio Mossa

In recent years, the continuous increase of greenhouse gas emissions has led many companies to investigate the activities that have the greatest impact on the environment. Recent studies estimate that around 10% of worldwide CO2 emissions derive from logistical supply chains. The considerable amount of energy required for heating, cooling, and lighting as well as material handling equipment (MHE) in warehouses represents about 20% of the overall logistical costs. The reduction of warehouses’ energy consumption would thus lead to a significant benefit from an environmental point of view. In this context, sustainable strategies allowing the minimization of the cost of energy consumption due to MHE represent a new challenge in warehouse management. Consistent with this purpose, a two-step optimization model based on integer programming is developed in this paper to automatically identify an optimal schedule of the material handling activities of electric mobile MHEs (MMHEs) (i.e., forklifts) in labor-intensive warehouses from profit and sustainability perspectives. The resulting scheduling aims at minimizing the total cost, which is the sum of the penalty cost related to the makespan of the material handling activities and the total electricity cost of charging batteries. The approach ensures that jobs are executed in accordance with priority queuing and that the completion time of battery recharging is minimized. Realistic numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the effects of integrating the scheduling of electric loads into the scheduling of material handling operations. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the model in identifying the optimal battery-charging schedule for a fleet of electric MMHEs from economic and environmental perspectives simultaneously.


KnE Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nury Anti

<p class="NoSpacing1">SMR NPP is an alternative to overcome the dependency to diesel power plant especially in outside Java Bali system. Economic analysis is a crucial thing that should be done prior to any investment decision on the SMR NPP project and generally done by calculation of Levelized Unit Electricity Cost (LUEC). NPP projects, include SMR, are vulnerable to a number of uncertainty variables. The goal of this study was to perform economic analysis of SMR NPP project with capacity 2 x 100 MWe in Indonesia by incorporating an amount of uncertainty variables, namely the probabilistic approach. The research method is calculating LUEC with deterministic approach followed by the probabilistic approach. Probabilistic approach is done by simulating the effect of uncertainty variable on LUEC using Monte Carlo simulation technique. The results show that the deterministic approach with a discount rate of 10% obtained LUEC at 12.87 cents US$/kWh. Whereas the probabilistic approach obtained LUEC of 13.10 plus minus 1.43 cents USD/kWh at a discount rate of 10% and amounted to 8.11 plus minus 0.88 cents USD/kWh at a discount rate of 5%.  calculation in deterministic approach was  12.87 cents USD/ kWh. While LUEC as the results of uncertainty variables simulation on probabilistic approach were 13.10 ± 1.43 cents USD/ kWh on discount rate 10% and 8.11 ± 0.88 cents USD/kWh on discount rate 5%. Occurrence probability of LUEC is less than 13 cents USD/kWh (benchmark value) was about 100% on discount rate of 5% and  50% on discount rate of 10%.<a href="file:///C:/Users/Mohamad%20Mostafa/Desktop/Knowledge%20E/In%20Press%20Conferences/ICoNETS-2015/Source-Manuscripts/19_L04-Nuryanti_p128-135.docx#_msocom_1">[P1]</a> </p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><div><p> <a href="file:///C:/Users/Mohamad%20Mostafa/Desktop/Knowledge%20E/In%20Press%20Conferences/ICoNETS-2015/Source-Manuscripts/19_L04-Nuryanti_p128-135.docx#_msoanchor_1">[P1]</a>Revised sentence</p></div></div></div>


Author(s):  
Anupam Raj ◽  
T. Agami Reddy

The synergy between solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and behind-the-meter battery storage to reduce utility costs in buildings has drawn increasing attention. This paper presents results of a case study involving an economic analysis of battery-supported PV systems for an existing two-story commercial building in Albuquerque, New Mexico under different utility rate tariffs. The building, with 17,430 ft2 conditioned area, has been modeled in a detailed building energy simulation program, and hourly building electricity demand data and electricity demand generated using Typical Meteorological Year 2 (TMY2) weather file. The effect of strategies leading to demand leveling and demand limiting have also been discussed. Parametric analysis using System Advisor Model (SAM) software has been performed to determine the optimal sizing of the PV and battery systems for the given electric demand profiles under the assumed utility rate tariffs which will result in largest net present value (NPV). The results have been found to be highly sensitive to the costs of the PV systems and battery packs. Under the assumed realistic circumstances, we find that the inclusion of a battery pack in either a new or existing PV system does not improve the NPV even when the cost of battery storage is reduced from its current $250/kWh down to an unrealistic $50/kWh.


This paper describes an economic analysis of 80kW solar PV system connected to Grid. PV system solar energy is an important source to produce electricity now-a-days. 80kW solar PV system is designed by using MATLAB/Simulink Software and analysed the performance evaluation of this system with respect to MATLAB readings of 80kw system designed for on-grid and off-grid using HOMER software to compare the economic analysis of both systems. Compare these on-grid and off-grid systems using homer pro software to calculate the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC).These Results will help in an optimization techniques and further investigations in solar PV system.


The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.


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