scholarly journals Why and how photovoltaics will provide cheapest electricity in the 21st century

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Githin Alapatt ◽  
Guneet Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
The Cost

With the advent of solar panels and windmills, and our ability to generate and use electrical energy locally without the need for long-range transmission, the world is about to witness transformational changes in energy infrastructure. The use of photovoltaics (PV) as source of direct current (DC) power reduces the cost and improves the reliability of PV system. DC microgrid and nanogrid based on PV and storage can provide sustainable electric power to all human beings in equitable fashion. Bulk volume manufacturing of batteries will lead to cost reduction in a manner similar to the cost reduction experience of PV module manufacturing. Future manufacturing innovations and R & D directions are discussed that can further reduce the cost of PV system. If the current trends of PV growth continue, we expect PV electricity cost with storage to reach $0.02 per kWh in the next 8-10 years.

scholarly journals Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Cost

Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium–sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.

scholarly journals MPPT of PV System Under Partial Shading Conditions Based on Bio-inspired Swarm Intelligence Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Mohammed Agdam ◽  
Abdallah Asbayou ◽  
Mustapha Elyaqouti ◽  
Ahmed Ihlal ◽  
Khaled Assalaou
Keyword(s):  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Maximum Voltage ◽  
Intelligence Technique

To respond to the increase in demand for electricity, the use of photovoltaics is growing considerably as it produces electrical energy without polluting the environment. In addition, to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, an MPPT algorithm is required to follow the maximum voltage and maximum current in the IV curve. This technique can be achieved by using a DC-DC converter. For this purpose, various MPPT techniques have been developed. The combination of MPPT and DC-DC converter is implemented using Matlab/Simulink and connected to a modelled PV module to validate the simulation.

Business Development and Environmental Impact in the Solar (PV) Field

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-84
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

The techno-economic analysis of a PV system is designed to measure the viability of the designed system from an economical and technological point of view assuming some specific environmental conditions. In this research, for the techno-economic analysis of PV system the authors are focused on four general categories of factors which are highly influential on the investment decision in this field. These are the PV system costs, the electricity cost, the sunlight and other environmental characteristics and the financial incentives. Each of this factors is analyzed in order to understand and evaluate the general conditions that influence the decision in the photovoltaic business. The methodology that is used for explaining the real business environment in PV field and the main indicators that can estimate the investment profitability is the case study related to formal opportunities for developing PV investment projects in Romania. The investors in PV field have to understand the life cycle of a PV system that can give an overlook of the cost reduction opportunities and also make them sensible to the decommissioning phase of such an investment. For future investments in the PV field in Europe the authors identified and analyzed the main factors that characterize the PV business development in the next period.

Solar Array and Battery Sizing for a Photovoltaic Building in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi ◽  
Saeed Vahabi Mashak ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek ◽  
Kamyar Mehranzamir ◽  
Behnam Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

Renewable energy plays an important role in the national energy policy especially in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. For a photovoltaic (PV) system, one important consideration is the cost of the system. One needs to select the best PV array from a range of selection, that is, the one which is the most efficient and with a best price. This article illustrates a method to compute the size and cost of a required PV array, and then after to compute the required battery for the case of a photovoltaic building in Malaysia. The computation is simulated using Matlab integrated with suitable mathematical equations. The generated current and power of the PV array are calculated for daily solar irradiation in Malaysia. The computation enables the user to quickly compute the initial cost needed to be spent if a given PV system is to be installed. A typical building requiring 12 kWh daily energy with 6 kW peak demand load was shown to need at least 114 solar modules at a cost of about RM53k. It is noted that the main cost of the whole PV system is mainly contributed by the cost of the chosen PV array. Hence, the right choice of a PV module is vital in achieving the minimum cost.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System for Primary School in Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Siti Amely Jumaat ◽  
Adhwa Amsyar Syazwan Ab Majid ◽  
Chin Kim Gan ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdullah ◽  
Nur Hanis Radzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
System Implementation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
The Cost

This project aims to determine the potential of grid connected solar Photovoltaic (PV) implementation and project planning of solar PV System in school.  Generally, the educational institution used huge amount of electricity to operate so their monthly bills is expensive. Therefore, the project planning is necessary to determine the potential of solar PV system implementation. The project planning consists of the current electricity consumed by the school and the amount of 120W Monocrystalline PV module needed by them. The cost of project are determines to identify the initial cost of this project implementation. Lastly, analysis on the profit collected by SK Pintas Raya after 20 years of solar PV system implementation proved the importance of this project.

scholarly journals Efficiency Performances of Two MPPT Algorithms for PV System With Different Solar Panels Irradiancess

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Adnan Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

<span lang="EN-US">A main source of current renewable energy is solar energy. This source of renewable energy can be converted to electrical energy using solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) earns for maximum energy extractor from PV panels by different irradiance levels. In this paper, overall efficiency of most two popular MPPT techniques utilized in PV applications are analyzed, these  algorithms are Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) and Incremental Conductance (INC). An analysis of the results for the algorithms based on MATLAB simulation for various changes in solar irradiance is performed. Results showed that the efficiency of P&amp;O algorithm was higher than that of the INC, but to obtain the same performance for both, more concentrated calculations should be used for INC. In measuring the output power, current and voltage responses, the use of a solar array having constant and variable irradiations was employed as input for the algorithms. The output waveforms which were derived from a simulation run for the purpose of obtaining the algorithms response to changes in solar array irradiations were compared. In general, the consequences of the P&amp;O algorithm are quiet good and adequate. However, there is a need to improve the algorithm so as to satisfy the requirements of face confident timing in addition to its rapid response so as to make its performance better than that of InCond algorithms.</span>

scholarly journals Enhancement of Poly-Crystal PV Panels Performance by Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger Cooling System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Khaleel Abushgair
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
System A ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Back Panel ◽  
The Impact

The temperature of silicon Poly-Crystal photovoltaic (PV) solar panels has a significant impact on their efficiency emphasizing the necessity of cooling approach to be used. The current study looked at the impact of adopting a unique forced convictive air-to-air heat exchanger as a cooling approach to boost the efficiency of PV solar panels, as efficiency of silicon Poly-Crystal PV solar panels would decrease as its temperature increased. The research was carried out experimentally with both an uncooled and cooled PV system. A unique cooling system for PV panels was designed and experimentally investigated in Amman, Jordan included a heat exchanger connected to a blower that drove ambient air over the back-panel surface and a chimney to draw the cooled air outside. This cooling system would improve the PV panel's efficiency. It was found that by directing cooled air over the bottom surface of the PV module at an ideal rate of 0.01020 m3/s, the temperature of the PV module could be reduced from an average of 40 °C (without cooling) to 34 °C. As a result, the efficiency and output power of PV modules increased by roughly 2 % and 12.8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Thermal Modeling of Opaque and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (PV) Module

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3271-3276
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Pv Module

Photovoltaic (PV) module is one of the simplest technologies to convert the solar energy into the useful electrical energy. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to develop a simplified analytical expression for solar cell temperature and solar cell electrical efficiency of opaque and semi-transparent photovoltaic module in the terms of design and climatic parameters. Based on the energy balance of opaque and semi-transparent PV module, the performance parameters, namely, solar cell temperature, solar cell electrical efficiency, module efficiency and electrical power output have been evaluated for a typical clear day of May month of New Delhi climatic condition data taken from IMD (Indian Meteorological Department), Pune, India. The numerical simulations have been made on the MATLAB software. Based on the numerical computation, the effect of back cover opaque and semitransparent tedlar of module on the performance parameters has been investigated. From the results and discussion, it is found that the performance of photovoltaic module is very sensitive to the module temperature. Further, it is concluded that the semi-transparent photovoltaic module is more efficient than the opaque one. Thus, by the application of semi-transparent PV module in the design of stand-alone and rooftop PV system, the overall energy requirement and performance can be improved for same occupied area.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of 3 MW Solar Photovoltaic Plant Using PVSyst at Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Faizan Ul Hassan Faiz ◽  
Rabia Shakoor ◽  
Abdur Raheem ◽  
Farhana Umer ◽  
Nadia Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Conventional means of electrical energy generation are costly, create environmental pollution, and demand a high level of maintenance and also going to end one day. This has made it crucial to exploit the untapped prospective of the environmentally friendly renewable energy resources. To address this problem, present research proposed an efficient, everlasting, and environment-friendly grid-connected PV system at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (latitude: 29° 22 ′ 34 ″ N, longitude: 71° 44 ′ 57 E). Bahawalpur is one of those sites where the potential of solar energy is immense. The global daily horizontal solar irradiance at the site is 1745.85 kWh/m2, having average solar irradiation of 5.9 kWh/m2 per day, and the ambient average temperature is about 25.7°C. In this research, the performance ratio and different power losses just like soiling, PV module losses, inverter, and losses due to temperature are taken into account and calculated by using PVSyst. The coal saving per day is 15369.3 kg which is equal to planting 147600 teak trees over a lifetime. The cost of the energy produced is 0.11 US $/kWh whereas in Pakistan the conventional energy tariff is 0.18 $/kWh. From the simulation results, the value of PR comes out 83.8%, and the CUF value is 16% with a total energy generation of 4908 MWh/year. The performance analysis of this grid-connected system would help in the designing, analysis, operation, and maintenance of the new grid-connected systems for different locations.

Business Development and Environmental Impact in the Solar (PV) Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 1475-1504
Author(s):  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Robert Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

The techno-economic analysis of a PV system is designed to measure the viability of the designed system from an economical and technological point of view assuming some specific environmental conditions. In this research, for the techno-economic analysis of PV system the authors are focused on four general categories of factors which are highly influential on the investment decision in this field. These are the PV system costs, the electricity cost, the sunlight and other environmental characteristics and the financial incentives. Each of this factors is analyzed in order to understand and evaluate the general conditions that influence the decision in the photovoltaic business. The methodology that is used for explaining the real business environment in PV field and the main indicators that can estimate the investment profitability is the case study related to formal opportunities for developing PV investment projects in Romania. The investors in PV field have to understand the life cycle of a PV system that can give an overlook of the cost reduction opportunities and also make them sensible to the decommissioning phase of such an investment. For future investments in the PV field in Europe the authors identified and analyzed the main factors that characterize the PV business development in the next period.

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