Leadership

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Development Institutions

This chapter aims to drive peace actors into new ways of thinking in developing peacebuilding activities by applying leadership frameworks to stabilize and reconstruct national institutions in a post-conflict environment. The examination will highlight the role of global leadership constructs play within peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding. The discussion presents a mixture of leadership and peacebuilding disciplines by examining the intersection of theoretical leadership models with international relations, and conflict resolution construct as peacebuilders reconstitute national instruments of power in a post-conflict environment. More importantly, the purpose is to generate new knowledge that overlays leadership theory and application frameworks with its impact on the organizational and operational effectiveness of peace development institutions and organizations.

Middle East Dilemma: Pakistan’s Role as Mediator for Conflict Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Zikriya ◽  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Asif Salim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
East Region ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Middle East Region

The development of International relations together with forces like globalization and technology has brought the world closer to each other. Friendly ties and relations with states create massive challenges during times of conflict. The focus of the paper is on the crisis evolving in the Middle East region and the role of Pakistan in solving those crisis considering relations with its closest allies, political and financial circumstances, and its foreign policy principles. A qualitative research approach with desk analysis technique has been applied to analyse the role of Pakistan as a mediator for the conflict resolution among Middle Eastern countries. The research highlights how the disputes created great problems for Pakistan but it is still striving to resolve conflicts among Middle Eastern countries because maintaining peace and prosperity in the Muslim world has always been a top priority of Pakistan’s foreign policy.

Perspective-taking influences autonomic attunement between partners during discussion of conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Nelson ◽  
Sean M. Laurent ◽  
Rosemary Bernstein ◽  
Heidemarie K. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Secondary Analyses

This study investigated the effects of dispositional and experimentally induced perspective-taking (PT) on physiological attunement between romantic partners during a conflict resolution task. Young adult couples ( N = 103 dyads) rated their trait PT 1 week prior to participating in a conflict resolution session with their romantic partner. Immediately before the conflict task, participants were given one of the following three instructions: to take their partner’s perspective (PT condition), to approach the conflict mindfully (mindfulness condition), or to focus on their own perspective regarding the conflict (control condition). Participants provided four saliva samples over the course of the laboratory session, and the samples were assayed for alpha-amylase to measure autonomic nervous system activity. Multilevel modeling results revealed that couples in the PT condition displayed greater autonomic attunement over the course of the conflict session compared to those in the other conditions. In addition, female partners’ dispositional PT enhanced the effect of the PT induction on couples’ attunement. Furthermore, secondary analyses provided support for the beneficial role of autonomic attunement. Specifically, attunement was decreased by negative conflict behaviors and predicted increased post-conflict negative affect in females. Implications for dyadic functioning and intervention are discussed.

Gender, International Relations theory, and Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máire Braniff ◽  
Sophie Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Elected Representatives

Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of gender in international relations and in particular the role of gender in conflict and peacebuilding. Chapter six explores the important role gender plays in the context of the Northern Ireland peace process. IR scholars have increasingly recognized that women experience insecurity differently from men and participate in conflict resolution and peacebuilding differently as well. This chapter links the latest research on gender and security with developments in Northern Ireland, contending that the peace process has privileged the masculine, marginalizing the role of women. The chapter’s findings highlight the historic small role women played as elected representatives in Northern Ireland. When women attempted to assert themselves as actors forming the Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) in 1996, their failure to become part of the formal political process meant that a decade later the organization dissolved, a victim of the continuing male dominated structures that shape post-Agreement Northern Ireland.

Deconstructing positionality in conflict resolution: Reflections from first-person action research in Pakistan and the South Caucasus

2020 ◽  
pp. 147675032096080
Author(s):  
Alexander Cromwell ◽  
Margarita Tadevosyan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
First Person ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Settings

This article explores the role of first-person action research in uncovering how positionality influences conflict resolution practice. Specifically, it examines the experiences of two scholar-practitioners conducting first-person action research in different conflict/post-conflict settings. The case studies include first-person action research on encounter programs with Pakistani youth and first-person action research examining peacebuilding engagement in the South Caucasus. We highlight the significant challenge posed by positionality for scholar-practitioners in our practice and research, particularly as members of one of the conflict parties, and present first-person action research as a constructive approach to enhance self-reflexivity and improve our practices. We argue that first-person action research highlights the fluidity of positionality and the value of building insider relationships to enhance conflict resolution practice. Concurrently, this research approach illuminates challenges resulting from insider identities because of assumed agreement. Thus, first-person action research is useful for improving conflict resolution practice because it highlights the various benefits and drawbacks of practitioners’ positionalities.

scholarly journals The Role of Legal Conflictology in the Training of Lawyers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Sandra Kaija
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Very High

Conflicts are everyday occurrences in people’s lives, social groups and international relations. In all historic times, in all cultures, groups and countries, the quest for peace has been ongoing. Costs incurred because of conflicts are very high: human suffering, economic losses and moral degradation. Conflict resolution, transformation, mediation and management describe the scientific and multi-disciplinary approach of legal conflictology. The aim of this article is to popularize and develope in Latvia a new branch of science, education and practice - legal conflictology.

Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia by David Harris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Civil War ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Local Actors

In the book titled Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia, author David Harris comprehensively exemplifies how in the twenty-first century, elections are viewed and used as determinants in post-conflict settings. The author builds on the aforementioned argument while generally tracing the development of conflict resolution in Africa during the post-Cold War era, but while dedicating distinct attention to such developments in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Through the case studies of the two West African states i.e. Sierra Leone and Liberia, the author critically analyzes the emphasize accorded to the role of elections as the core of conflict termination and how the failure to participate in elections leaves states consequences which are completely uncalled for. The author lays substantial stress on questioning the role of the international community in strengthening the significance of post-conflict elections and conceptions of transitional justice, especially the emergence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) generally, alongside the emergence of ad hoc hybrid systems such as the Sierra Leone Special Court (SLSC) particularly. The author does not just illustrate a vivid picture of the literature on contemporary conflict resolution more broadly but does so specifically in relation to the African continent and the emergence of the new war notion in respect of Africa's various intra-state conflicts. Harris, in this account also provides a detailed portrayal of thematic considerations and developments in relation to the conflict in Africa, exploring the ideas of ethnicity and motivation such as greed vs grievance debate. Although the main focus of this book is conflict resolution and democratization, the study of elections as the converging point which serves as the intersection of local actors, international bodies and post-conflict elections constitutes the central thematic underpinning of the book.

Global Sustainability Leadership

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begum Sertyesilisik
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Global Sustainability ◽  
The World ◽  
Leadership Initiatives ◽  
Sustainability Leadership ◽  
Sustainability Movement

Deteriorated living conditions of the world endangers humanity's survival and the peace in the world. Human beings whose living conditions have been deteriorated in a way that they cannot fulfil their primary needs (based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs) can look for different options (including war) to have access to the scarce resources vital for their survival. Peace can be sustained through sustainability. For this reason, global leadership initiatives on sustainability are required for the proactive conflict resolution and for the proactive peace building among the countries. This chapter aims to introduce the global sustainability leadership as a key for the peace in the word. With this aim, the chapter covers the following topics: need for sustainability and sustainable development; role of the sustainability in the peace of the world; ways of enhancing sustainability performance of the world; and need for the global leadership initiatives for sustainability movement and role of the global leadership in the proactive conflict resolution and peace building.

Women in Post-Conflict Resolution and Reconstruction in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Cold War

Women’s experiences of conflict have been the subject of increased international attention since the end of the Cold War and this has been accompanied by a concomitant growth in attention to the role of women in peace and security initiatives in Africa. Alongside the rise of humanitarian interventions, new trends have emerged in the realms of conflict resolution, accountability, and post-conflict transformation. As a result, post-conflict experiences in Africa in the 21st century have revealed numerous opportunities for the advancement of gender justice. Experiences from countries emerging from conflict on the continent provide some important examples of promoting women’s rights through accountability mechanisms, furthering access to government, producing gender-sensitive reform, challenging discriminatory laws, and advancing economic opportunities. However, while women’s needs and rights have been increasingly recognized through international and national commitments, women continue to face widespread gender-based violence as well as socioeconomic challenges in the aftermath of conflict. Thus, understanding intersectional experiences of conflict and the role of enduring gender power relations are critical to revisiting how transitions might be transformative.

What Do Islamists Bring to the Negotiation Table? Religion and the Case of the Pakistani Taliban

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-434
Author(s):  
Mona Kanwal Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract Is religion the main reason why negotiations with Islamists fail? Contemporary international relations literature views compromise over religious claims as being particularly difficult compared to other types of claims. Religious conflicts are understood as unique phenomena. Do religious factors explain why successful conflict resolution attempts with Islamists are more difficult to achieve than with other insurgent groups who pursue non-religious claims? This article examines the case of the Pakistani Taliban and the types of demands they have made during peace talks and in their communications. The role of religion is examined in this article and, specifically, theories of scarce resources, indivisibility and securitization are analyzed to explain the difficulties of negotiating with Islamists.

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