Pharmacogenomics and Cardiovascular Disease

2017 ◽

pp. 161-174

Author(s):

Emily K. Dornblaser ◽

Craig P. Worby ◽

Daniel Alan Brazeau

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

Disease States ◽

Clinical Literature ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Prevalent Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Medications ◽

The Relationship ◽

The U.S

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent disease states in the U.S. and contributes substantially to overall morbidity and mortality. The ability to effectively optimize the treatment of cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on overall disease prevention and treatment. This chapter discusses the relationship between genetic variations and their impact on medications used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Key medications that are susceptible to genetic variation have been identified. The chapter describes the mechanisms by which genetic variation may contribute to altered medication concentrations or effects and briefly reviews the place in therapy for the cardiovascular medications. In addition, this chapter reviews current clinical literature to determine the overall impact these variations may have on clinical outcomes.

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Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Disease in Men

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2003-030611 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 5076-5086 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Majon Muller ◽

Yvonne T. van der Schouw ◽

Jos H. H. Thijssen ◽

Diederick E. Grobbee

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Hormone Production ◽

Adrenal Androgens ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Endogenous Sex Hormones

Abstract Unlike women, men do not experience an abrupt reduction in endogenous sex hormone production. It has, however, become clear that an age-associated decrease in the levels of (bioactive) sex hormones does occur. Whether endogenous sex hormones have an impact on cardiovascular disease has for many years remained largely unknown, but during the last decade more attention has been drawn to the importance of testosterone, estrogens, and adrenal androgens in etiology, prevention, and treatment of male cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence currently available on the association between endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in males. Published studies dealing with the relationship between circulating levels of sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in males were reviewed. The studies reviewed in this article suggest that circulating endogenous sex hormones and estrogens have a neutral or beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease in men.

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Clot properties and cardiovascular disease

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th14-02-0184 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 901-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Katherine Bridge ◽

Helen Philippou ◽

Robert Ariëns

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Fibrin Clot ◽

Disease States ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Venous Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Medications ◽

Clot Structure

SummaryFibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to fibrin, which provides the blood clot with its essential structural backbone. As an acute phase protein, the plasma levels of fibrinogen are increased in response to inflammatory conditions. In addition to fibrinogen levels, fibrin clot structure is altered by a number of factors. These include thrombin levels, treatment with common cardiovascular medications, such as aspirin, anticoagulants, statins and fibrates, as well as metabolic disease states such as diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinaemia. In vitro studies of fibrin clot structure can provide information regarding fibre density, clot porosity, the mechanical strength of fibres and fibrinolysis. A change in fibrin clot structure, to a denser clot with smaller pores which is more resistant to lysis, is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. This pathological change is present in patients with arterial as well as venous diseases, and is also found in a moderate form in relatives of patients with cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological therapies, aimed at both the treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease, appear to result in positive changes to the fibrin clot structure. As such, therapies aimed at ‘normalising’ fibrin clot structure may be of benefit in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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DNA methylation in the APOE gene: its link with Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular health

10.1101/811224 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jure Mur ◽

Daniel L. McCartney ◽

Rosie M. Walker ◽

Archie Campbell ◽

Mairead L. Bermingham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Generation Scotland ◽

The Relationship

AbstractGenetic variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). DNA methylation at APOE has been linked to altered cognition and AD. It is unclear if epigenetic marks could be used for predicting future disease. We assessed blood-based DNA methylation at 13 CpGs in the APOE gene in 5828 participants from the Generation Scotland (GS) cohort. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between APOE methylation, cognition, cholesterol, and the risks for AD and CVD. DNA methylation at two CpGs was associated with the ratio of total-to-HDL cholesterol, but not with cognition, or the risks of AD or CVD. APOE methylation could be involved in the levels of blood cholesterol, but there is no evidence for the utility of APOE methylation as a biomarker for predicting AD or CVD.

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Dementia and microstroke in atrial fibrillation

In a good rythm ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.0497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (53) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Agnieszka Wojdyła-Hordyńska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

21St Century ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

The Relationship

Atrial fibrillation and dementia, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, have become an epidemic of the 21st century. The relationship between atrial fibrillation, dementia and microstroke has been well documented. Due to the increasing incidence of these diseases, they are of great socioeconomic importance. Numerous studies try to identify effective methods of the prevention and treatment. Recent studies have shown a link between cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease in combination with vascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. These mechanisms include ischemic stroke - both silent and symptomatic, micro-stroke, cerebral bleeding, and impaired cerebral circulation. The risk of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation may increase up to 5-fold, and stroke is a significant factor of cognitive impairment and dementia.

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Personality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer:

Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie ◽

10.1026/0943-8149.12.3.102 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 102-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Manfred Amelang ◽

Petra Hasselbach ◽

Til Stürmer

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Type A Behavior ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Emotional Lability ◽

Prevalent Disease ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.

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