scholarly journals Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Disease in Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5076-5086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majon Muller ◽  
Yvonne T. van der Schouw ◽  
Jos H. H. Thijssen ◽  
Diederick E. Grobbee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Adrenal Androgens ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Endogenous Sex Hormones

Abstract Unlike women, men do not experience an abrupt reduction in endogenous sex hormone production. It has, however, become clear that an age-associated decrease in the levels of (bioactive) sex hormones does occur. Whether endogenous sex hormones have an impact on cardiovascular disease has for many years remained largely unknown, but during the last decade more attention has been drawn to the importance of testosterone, estrogens, and adrenal androgens in etiology, prevention, and treatment of male cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence currently available on the association between endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in males. Published studies dealing with the relationship between circulating levels of sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in males were reviewed. The studies reviewed in this article suggest that circulating endogenous sex hormones and estrogens have a neutral or beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease in men.

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Calcification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Holly J. Woodward ◽  
Dongxing Zhu ◽  
Patrick W. F. Hadoke ◽  
Victoria E. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Primary Male

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.

The Relationship between Sex Hormones, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and Peripheral Artery Disease in Older Persons

2011 ◽  
pp. P1-338-P1-338
Author(s):  
Chiara Cattabiani ◽  
Gianpaolo Ceda ◽  
Fulvio Lauretani ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
Giulia Schiavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract P400: The Association Between Cross-sex Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Male-to-female Transgender Persons in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Molinsky ◽  
Kanokwan Kulprachakarn ◽  
Sakaewan Ounjaijean ◽  
Ryan Demmer ◽  
Kittipan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) is prescribed to transition secondary sexual characteristics among individuals undergoing male-to-female (MtF) transitions (age range 18-41, mean age=24). Limited data exist to inform the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profile associated with CSHT. We investigated the relationship between CSHT and cardiovascular risk factors in MtF transgender persons and hypothesize that CSHT will be associated with adverse CVD risk factor profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 st , 2018 to November 30 th , 2018 in 100 MtF transgender people not receiving CSHT vs. 100 receiving CSHT. CSHT use was defined by self-report use of up to 23 medications. Serum testosterone and 17-beta estradiol were assessed to validate CSHT use. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured. Lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin I and pro b-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) were assessed from fasting blood. Non-invasive arterial examinations included: carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Multivariable linear regression models, regressed CVD risk factors on CSHT status. Among the subgroup of CSHT users, we assessed the relationship between duration of use and CVD risk factors. Multivariable models included age, gender, education, income, drinking, smoking, exercise, and BMI. Results: Participant mean age was 24±0.38 years and did not differ by CSHT use. Mean±SE values of testosterone were in the CSHT vs. control group were 4.8±0.3 vs. 5.8±0.3 ng/ml, p=0.06 and 17-beta estradiol levels were 45.6±14.9 vs. 34.7±14.8, p=0.7). CIMT was modestly lower among CSHT vs. controls (0.35±0.01 vs. 0.38±0.01, p=0.09). The average duration of CSHT use was 6.65±0.522 years. Among CSHT users, for every 1-year increase in duration of CSHT use total cholesterol decreased by -2.360 ± 1.096, p=0.0341 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol decreased by -3.076 ± 1.182, p=0.0109 mg/dL, ABI decreased by -0.006 ± 0.002, p=0.0087 while FPG increased by 2.558 ± 0.899 mg/dL, p=0.0055. Conclusion: Among MtF transgender persons, using CSHT was not associated with increased CVD risk factors levels.

Serum and urinary concentrations of sex hormones and genital swelling during the menstrual cycle of the gibbon

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Nadler ◽  
J. F. Dahl ◽  
D. C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Multimale Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monitoring Progress ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT The relationship between sex hormone concentrations and female genital swelling during the menstrual cycle in the monogamous gibbon was comparable with that of polygamous female primates, such as the chimpanzee, which live in multimale groups and have larger swellings. The data, therefore, support the hypothesis proposed by C. R. Carpenter more than 50 years ago, that the gibbon's genital swelling, like that of other female primates, reflects basic physiological processes associated with progress of the menstrual cycle. Genital swelling increased during the follicular phase with increasing concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone glucuronide, reached maximal swelling in association with the mid-cycle peaks in the oestrogens and LH and began detumescence with the initial increases in progesterone during the luteal phase. The data also suggest that the menstrual cycle of the gibbon is shorter than previously reported, since cycles of 19–22 days exhibited hormone patterns that are consistent with ovulation. The genital swelling of the female gibbon is a useful marker for monitoring progress of the menstrual cycle and the presumptive time of ovulation. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 447–455

Is the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise responsible for reduced cardiovascular disease?

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Wilund
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Engaging in regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease), but it is not certain to what degree this may be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Following acute exercise, there is a transient increase in circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas chronic exercise reduces basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exercise training also induces the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mediators in the vascular wall that may directly inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. Limited studies in humans and more comprehensive assessments in animal models have confirmed that exercise is atheroprotective and helped identify a number of the mechanisms to explain these effects. This review explores the relationship between systemic and vascular wall inflammation and the role that the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise have on the development and progression of CVD.

Pharmacogenomics and Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Emily K. Dornblaser ◽  
Craig P. Worby ◽  
Daniel Alan Brazeau
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent disease states in the U.S. and contributes substantially to overall morbidity and mortality. The ability to effectively optimize the treatment of cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on overall disease prevention and treatment. This chapter discusses the relationship between genetic variations and their impact on medications used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Key medications that are susceptible to genetic variation have been identified. The chapter describes the mechanisms by which genetic variation may contribute to altered medication concentrations or effects and briefly reviews the place in therapy for the cardiovascular medications. In addition, this chapter reviews current clinical literature to determine the overall impact these variations may have on clinical outcomes.

CYTOLOGIC STUDY OF URINARY SEDIMENT IN THE EVALUATION OF SEX HORMONE PRODUCTION IN CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-891
Author(s):  
Henry K. Silver ◽  
Robert L. Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Urinary Sediment ◽  
Cytologic Study

Cytologic examination of desquamated cells in voided urine was performed in 236 children. The urinary sediment of 95% of girls and 80.5% of boys of all ages exhibited changes consistent with sex-hormone stimulation. Cytologic changes were most marked in the neonatal period and at puberty; during the first week of life, the most striking alteration occurred in low-birth-weight infants. Our findings suggest that the quantity of sex hormones known to be produced in both sexes throughout childhood may be sufficient to cause discernible changes in cells derived from the urogenital tract.

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