The Role of Islamic Financial Product Innovation in Reduction of Financial Exclusion in Ethiopia

Author(s):  
Suadiq Mehammed Hailu ◽  
Ayhan Kapusuzoglu ◽  
Nildag Basak Ceylan

The aim of the chapter is to explain the strategic role of Islamic finance, which can be considered as financial product innovation, in combating financial exclusion in Ethiopia. It intends to assess the extent and the nature of religious-driven financial exclusion of Ethiopian Muslims and the level of their participation in the existing interest free window banking system introduced to the sector recently. In order to collect data for the research, mixed approaches such as questionnaires and semi-structured interviews are used. The questionnaire was distributed to 321 respondents in Addis Ababa in 2017 while the semi-structured interview was conducted with selected high-ranking bank officers. At the end of the analyses there are findings which show the extent of financial exclusion of Ethiopian Muslims due to the absence of alternative financial systems.

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Rachael Williams

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the role of communication in the sustainability reporting process within Australian local councils. The study focuses on three areas; understanding and awareness levels of local councils towards sustainability, sustainability reporting methods and the importance of community engagement. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative semi-structured interview approach was adopted for this investigation. In total, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior managers across 13 local councils. Findings – Findings indicate that sustainability reporting is very much an emerging field in local government in Australia with varying levels of understanding and awareness of sustainability amongst councils. A lack of consistency in the current communication message being produced was found along with a lack of community engagement by most councils in the reporting process. Without clarity in the communication process, sustainability reporting in the local government context will continue to falter without a clear focus. Practical implications – The paper suggests the need for the local government sector to carefully consider the role of communication in an effort to provide direction on how best to discharge their sustainability accountabilities. Originality/value – Little attention has been given to the role of communication in accounting. The findings contribute to an understanding surrounding communication process issues in an effort to advance the sustainability reporting agenda within local government.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Fatma Kenevir

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>       This study consists of the results of the research conducted with convicted female prisoners who committed crimes against the immunity and body immunity in Ankara (Sincan), İzmir (Şakran) and İstanbul (Bakırköy) women's closed prisons. The scope of the research includes women convicted of crimes against life and body immunity, who are more religious than prisoners convicted of theft, drugs etc. In this respect, the factors that lead to the criminality of women, who were convicted of murder or attempt murder, convicted of wounding offenses and who defined themselves as religious, are determined. Another aim is to demonstrate the crime and victim relationship, how convicts explain criminal actions to themselves and their surroundings and how they justify themselves. Questionnaires and semi-structured interview techniques were used as a method. In this direction, the findings obtained from the results of the questionnaire conducted with 151 women convicts were evaluated by descriptive statistical method and the results of semi-structured interviews with 8 women were included in the results. These types of explanations, included in neutralization techniques, are: commitment to values, the role of the victim, and rejection of responsibility. In the first place, the victim sees the situation as a matter of honor and explains the guilt involved with their beliefs / beliefs. Secondly, the violence (domestic problems) that is experienced is said to be the result, as in the opposite party deserves it. In the third place, the victim rejects the responsibility, indicating that the mental illness or depression is the result of suicide.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>     Bu çalışma, Ankara (Sincan), İzmir (Şakran) ve İstanbul (Bakırköy) kadın kapalı ceza infaz kurumlarında bulunan hayata ve vücut dokunulmazlığına karşı suç işlemiş hükümlü kadın mahkûmlarla yapılan araştırma sonuçlarından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın kapsamı ise, hırsızlık, uyuşturucu vs. gibi suç türlerinden hüküm giymiş mahkûmlara kıyasla dindarlığı daha yüksek olan, hayata ve vücut dokunulmazlığına karşı suçlardan hüküm giymiş kadın mahkûmlarla sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, adam öldürme veya adam öldürmeye teşebbüs, yaralama suçlarından hüküm giymiş olup, kendilerini dindar olarak tanımlayan kadınların, suça yönelmesindeki etken faktörler ele alınmış olup; kadın mahkûmlarda suç ve mağdur ilişkisi, suç eylemini kendisine ve çevresine açıklayıp, gerekçelendirme biçimlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem olarak anket ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat teknikleri beraber kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 151 kadın mahkûma uygulanan anket sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgular, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metot ile değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca 8 kadınla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Bulguların değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, hayata ve vücut dokunulmazlığına karşı suç işlemiş kadın mahkûmların karıştıkları suçu dindarlıkları içinde genellikle üç şekilde açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Nötrleştirme teknikleri içinde yer alan bu açıklama tipleri, değerlere bağlılık, mağdurun rolü ve sorumluluğu reddetme şeklindedir. Birincisinde, durumu namus meselesi olarak görme ve sahip olduğu değerlerle/inançla karıştıkları suçu açıklama söz konusudur. İkincisinde, maruz kalınan şiddet (aile içi sorunlar) sonucu, karşı tarafın bunu hak etmesi olarak açıklanmaktadır. Üçüncüsü ise, akli hastalık ya da bunalım sonucu bu suça karıştığını belirterek, sorumluluğu reddetme şeklindedir.</p>


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriza Osman ◽  
Zahiruddin Ghazali ◽  
Syed Mohd Na’im Syed Salim

Islam postulates a unique link of contracts among the creator, man and society on the basis of Syariah law that directly affects the workings of the various social, political, economic, and financial systems. Therefore, to understand the way in which economic affairs and financial institutions are organized in an Islamic system, it is first necessary to comprehend the nature of this relationship. Consequently, one cannot study a particular aspect or part of an Islamic system, economics, for example, in isolation, without having understanding of the basic knowledge of Islamic finance. Islamic finance products are contract-based. This book explains Islamic finance, which refers to the provision of financial services in accordance with Syariah law in chapter one. The Syariah law is the foundation for the establishment of an Islamic banking system. Chapter two illustrates the differences between the principles of Syariah and Tabii. Chapter three explains the Islamic theory of profit. Chapter four is about risk and uncertainty, which is known as gharar in Islamic finance. Chapter five discusses interest/riba, which is the most significance principle of Islamic banking. Chapter six explains some of the financial issues related to Islamic banking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Federica Murmura ◽  
Laura Bravi ◽  
Gilberto Santos

This paper aims to provide the reader with an organic view of the eyewear sector considering both market and quality aspects and evaluating the role of Industry 4.0 in process and product innovation for managing consumer health, analyzing a case study of a leading multinational company in the eyewear and ophthalmic lenses sector. The research has been developed with a qualitative approach. The study is a conceptual development and it uses an exploratory interview to create a single case study. The case study was developed with the realization by the researcher of a semi-structured interview. The selected interlocutor was the Innovation Manager of Alpha Optics. It has been decided to focus the attention on this figure, as it was responsible for the realization and introduction into the company of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies for developing health innovations. From this case study it was possible to observe how the connection with the trends that influence the demand for eyeglasses is a driving factor for product innovation. Products increasingly adapted to the needs of young people and the use of digital devices seem to be the ones on which the greatest number of innovations are concentrated.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Annette Grinsted

The article discusses two methods for assessing beliefs, values etc. and underlying factors, viz. structured and semi-structured interview. The application of semi-structured interviews is exemplified in connection with a study carried out by the author, emphasisíng especially the role of accounts for assessing factors underlying beliefs, judgments, etc.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rosli Mohamed Sain ◽  
Mohammad M. Rahman ◽  
Rasheda Khanam

Author(s):  
Federica Murmura ◽  
Laura Bravi ◽  
Gilberto Santos

This paper aims to provide the reader with an organic view of the eyewear sector considering both market and quality aspects and evaluating the role of Industry 4.0 in process and product innovation for managing consumer health, analyzing a case study of a leading multinational company in the eyewear and ophthalmic lenses sector. The research has been developed with a qualitative approach. The study is a conceptual development and it uses an exploratory interview to create a single case study. The case study was developed with the realization by the researcher of a semi-structured interview. The selected interlocutor was the Innovation Manager of Alpha Optics. it has been decided to focus the attention on this figure, as it was responsible for the realization and introduction into the company of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies for developing health innovations. From this case study it was possible to observe how the connection with the trends that influence the demand for eyeglasses is a driving factor for product innovation. Products increasingly adapted to the needs of young people and the use of digital devices seem to be the ones on which the greatest number of innovations are concentrated.


Author(s):  
Yannick Dillen ◽  
Eddy Laveren ◽  
Rudy Martens ◽  
Sven De Vocht ◽  
Eric Van Imschoot

Purpose Few high-growth firms (HGFs) are able to maintain high-growth over time. The purpose of this paper is to find out why only a small number of firms become persistent HGFs, explicitly focusing on the role of the founding entrepreneur in this process. Design/methodology/approach Initially, 28 semi-structured interviews were performed with high-growth entrepreneurs to discover why so few founders could become persistent high-growth entrepreneurs. In a second phase, four case studies were conducted to uncover the factors that facilitate a swift evolution from the “managerial” role to the “strategic” role. Findings High-growth entrepreneurs, who quickly make a transition from a managerial role into a strategic role are more likely to keep their firm on its high-growth trajectory. This transition is made possible by: the early development of strategic skills; the presence of a high quality human capital base; and an organizational structure with characteristics from Mintzberg’s “machine bureaucracy.” Practical implications The results are vital for entrepreneurs of “one-shot” HGFs with the ambition to make their firm a “persistent” HGF. If high-growth rates are to be sustained, the three factors that emerged from the authors’ analysis should foster the delegation of managerial tasks, resulting in an easier transition toward a “strategic role.” Originality/value Insights are valuable as both founders and governmental institutions can benefit from knowing which factors contribute to a successful phase transition from “manager” to “strategist.”


2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
N S Sisodia ◽  
M B N Rao ◽  
Vijay Mahajan ◽  
V Leeladhar ◽  
M P Vasimalai ◽  
...  

In India, when we talk about rural finance, the stereotype offered is that of a banking system that fails to reach out to the poorer clients and, when it does, fails to recover the money so disbursed. The counter-point offered is usually the magic wand of microfinance. This Colloquium was an interface between leading bankers and microfinance practitioners in India to examine where these two worlds meet and how they could learn from each other. The discussions were organized around three themes: a) the legacy of the banking system, b) the limitations of microfinance, and c) an assessment of the potential. On the issue of legacy, the message was clear that the intervention of the state in certain aspects has been undesirable. These areas were clearly identified as granting general pardon for loans, tinkering around with interest subsidies, and interfering with the commercial aspects of banking. The limitations of the microfinance institutions were in terms of their sustainability and their inability to draw commercial capital and grow rapidly. However, these limitations were partly seen as a consequence of regulatory apathy and support from the state both in terms of formulating and articulating a regulatory framework and also in terms of the central bank being reluctant to supervise the efforts. These did not help in enhancing the legitimacy of microfinance institutions. The participants saw a great potential in the rural markets which were beyond agriculture. The emerging sectors were identified as construction, non-farm enterprise, handloom, clusters that involve garment making and quarrying, etc. According to them, there was scope for both the banks and the microfinance institutions to intervene. The following points emerged from the discussion: Rural finance has suffered from interventions from the state in the past. While some interventions have been positive, they have harmed the sector when compromises such as write-offs have been made. Microfinance has emerged as an important mechanism to reach out financial services to the poor. There are interesting lessons from this for the banks to adopt. There are problems for the microfinance institutions in the form of regulatory and supervisory apathy. This leads to financial exclusion of large segments of the poor. There is a huge market for financial services — both loans and savings. Innovations across the world indicate important breakthroughs in delivery of financial services. These can be implemented provided the regulatory impediments are removed. The issue of risk management has to be systematically addressed. The role of the state, wherever positive, has been effective and, therefore, this should be sharply defined to see how the state could contribute to this sector. The issue of interest rates continues to be vexatious and needs to be addressed urgently.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Cicilia Nony Ayuningsih Bratajaya ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Proses transisi perawat pemula dari seorang mahasiswa menjadi seorang perawat dilalui dengan berbagai tantangan khususnya pada generasi masa kini yang mengalami percepatan teknologi namun juga sebagai perawat memiliki tuntutan humanis. Seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif dan teknis yang baik namun tanpa didukung bimbingan yang memadai akan sulit melewati masa adaptasi. Melalui peran mentor, perawat pemula mendapatkan bimbingan menghadapi kesulitan pada tahap adaptasi ini. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pengalaman mentor di rumah sakit dalam membimbing perawat pemula. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan interpretive phenomenology dengan menggunakan Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics sebagai metodologi. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan semi-structured interview. Sampel penelitian adalah 8 mentor di sebuah rumah sakit yang berasal dari beberapa ruang perawatan. Interview dilakukan dalam rentang bulan April sampai dengan Mei 2018. Hasil penelitian: Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga tema yaitu proses pembimbingan, peran dan fungsi mentor, dan tantangan seorang mentor. Diskusi: Mentor menangkap tantangan yang dihadapi adalah sempitnya waktu bimbingan. Ketidakberhasilan mentor dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya dalam membimbing perawat pemula akan berkontribusi terhadap kesulitan dalam adaptasi dunia kerja perawat pemula. Kesimpulan: Komitmen seorang mentor dalam membimbing perawat pemula dalam masa transisi adaptasi bekerja harus didukung oleh budaya kerja yang baik dan sinergis dengan kebijakan institusi.Kata Kunci: mentor, adaptasi, perawat pemula.The Role of Mentor in Mentoring Fresh Graduated NursesABSTRACTBackground: The transition process of fresh graduated nurses from nursing student become nurse, it could be challenging especially in this generation which facing of technology acceleration, in the other hand as a nurse should be humanist. Someone who has good cognitive and technical skills, but without adequate mentoring, it would be difficult to endure adaptation process successfully. Therefore, a mentor would play important role to guide the novice nurses in dealing with situations in the work environment. Objective: This study aims to explore the experience of mentors in hospitals in mentoring beginner nurses. Methods: This qualitative research uses interpretive phenomenology by using Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics as a methodology. The data collected through semi-structured interviews. The samples of this study were 8 nurses from several unit in a hospital. Data was collected between April and May 2018 Results: This study resulted in three themes: mentoring process; mentor roles and functions; and challenges of a mentor. Discussion: One of challenging mentoring is short duration of mentoring due to rush hour in a ward. Unsuccsessful mentoring could contribute the difficulty of fresh graduated nurse to adapt on working life. Conclusion: Mentor commitment in mentoring fresh graduated nurse on the transition and adaptation of working should be supported by positive corporate culture and synergistically with institution policy.Keywords: Mentoring, adaptation, fresh graduated nurses


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