Regional Institutions for Transportation Sustainability and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Mark A. Pisano ◽  
Richard F. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Fiscal Constraints ◽  
Transportation Funding ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
State And Local

The lessons described in this chapter outline the mechanisms for cooperation through building new institutional designs for governance to build transportation construction projects. The scale of these projects included billions of federal, state, and local dollars invested in the 1970 through current day. Funding of transportation projects in Southern California during the period 1975 through 2010 addressed a range of challenges to economic growth. The chapter proceeds in four parts: one, a discussion of the environmental context; two, description of the institutional design for governance that developed; three, an overview of the projects developed and economic impact; four, applying the lessons learned to the emerging challenges of fiscal constraints, demographic change, and institutional re-design for transportation funding.

An Emergency Preparedness Response to Opioid-Prescribing Enforcement Actions in Maryland, 2018-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9S-17S
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Acharya ◽  
B. Casey Lyons ◽  
Vijay Murthy ◽  
Jennifer Stanley ◽  
Carly Babcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
State And Local

Federal and state enforcement authorities have increasingly intervened on the criminal overprescribing of opioids. However, little is known about the health effects these enforcement actions have on patients experiencing disrupted access to prescription opioids or medication-assisted treatment/medication for opioid use disorder. Simultaneously, opioid death rates have increased. In response, the Maryland Department of Health (MDH) has worked to coordinate mitigation strategies with enforcement partners (defined as any federal, state, or local enforcement authority or other governmental investigative authority). One strategy is a standardized protocol to implement emergency response functions, including rapidly identifying health hazards with real-time data access, deploying resources locally, and providing credible messages to partners and the public. From January 2018 through October 2019, MDH used the protocol in response to 12 enforcement actions targeting 34 medical professionals. A total of 9624 patients received Schedule II-V controlled substance prescriptions from affected prescribers under investigation in the 6 months before the respective enforcement action; 9270 (96%) patients were residents of Maryland. Preliminary data indicate fatal overdose events and potential loss of follow-up care among the patient population experiencing disrupted health care as a result of an enforcement action. The success of the strategy hinged on endorsement by leadership; the establishment of federal, state, and local roles and responsibilities; and data sharing. MDH’s approach, data sources, and lessons learned may support health departments across the country that are interested in conducting similar activities on the front lines of the opioid crisis.

Experiences of HIV/STD Providers in New York State During Hurricane Sandy: Strengths, Challenges, and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristen Vacca ◽  
Asante Shipp-Hilts ◽  
Stephanie Mack ◽  
Yunshu Li ◽  
Millicent Eidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
New York State ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
York State ◽  
State And Local

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess strengths and challenges experienced by HIV/STD providers in providing care during the response to Hurricane Sandy (Sandy) in New York State, and their recommendations for future preparedness. Methods: A mixed methods approach, including a focus group (n = 3), interviews (n = 3), and survey (n = 31) of HIV/STD providers, was used. Key words identified by means of open coding methodology from collected data were organized into strengths, challenges, and recommendations and then grouped into federal and study-associated preparedness capabilities. Results: Key words were organized into 81 strengths (38.8%), 73 challenges (34.9%), and 55 recommendations (26.3%). Services most interrupted during Sandy were related to HIV/STD outreach and education. While providers reported challenges with external agency communication, the ability to still connect clients to needed resources was reported as a strength. Strengthening partnerships with federal, state, and local agencies was among the major recommendations made by these providers. Conclusions: This study presents unique information about challenges experienced by HIV/STD providers in providing services during a natural disaster and the use of national public health emergency preparedness capabilities to address and overcome those challenges. Lessons learned and recommendations regarding inter-agency communications emerged as an important priority during a natural disaster to minimize or reduce service interruption.

scholarly journals Effect of Apportioned Federal Revenue on Economic Growth: The Nigerian Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
State And Local

The major objective of income distribution to the federal, state and local governments in Nigeria is to achieve economic growth which leads to economic development. This ultimate aim of governance in Nigeria appears not to have been achieved due to alleged corruption and mismanagement of the monthly allocated funds. Thus, this study investigates the effect of revenue apportioned to the three levels of government on economic growth in Nigeria.  The study employs annual time series data which cover a period from 1981-2016 and have been collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2016 edition. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to perform the multi-regression analysis with the aid of e-views version 9. The findings of the study reveal that the federally apportioned revenue to the federal government (FAFG) has a significant positive impact on RGDP while FALG has a robust significant positive impact on RGDP. The result also indicates that FASG has a significant negative influence on RGDP. This leads to a conclusion that mismanagement of funds by the state governments is a cause for concern. Therefore, the study suggests, among others, that revenue sharing formula in the country should be based more on impact of expenditure incurred on executed projects (long term and short term) by each tier of government than on any other parameter to achieve fairness and efficiency in public service delivery at all levels of governance.

The Pediatrician's Role in Public Law 94-142

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Gregg F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
The Law ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Levels

In the seven years since it was passed, Public Law 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Act of 1975, has generated new services for handicapped children and in the process has raised many difficult financial, political, educational, medical, and ethical questions. It has changed the scope of public schools and the personnel within them, and it has changed the expectations of parents, physicians, and educators alike. There is currently much talk of the possible repeal of PL 94-142. This review will emphasize the importance of a pediatric voice in this future. The changes that have come about as a result of PL 94-142 will not easily disappear even if the bill were to be repealed. On the other hand, a strong voice of advocacy for handicapped children will be needed to ensure that the positive lessons learned from PL 94-142 will be continued. PL 94-142 itself, as a law, is only one component of a constellation of surrounding issues affecting handicapped children. One must consider separately the actual provisions of the law, the constitutional and case law on which it was based, the federal regulations that have been published and updated to interpret the law, the state plans formulated by each state to comply with the law and regulations, the funding that may or may not be appropriated at federal, state, and local levels to support the programs, and the actual practices within local school districts attempting to comply (or circumvent) these state requirements.

POLLUTION RESPONSE DURING NATIONAL SPECIAL SECURITY EVENTS: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN SECURITY AND RESPONSE.

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 943-948
Author(s):  
Joseph Gleason
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
National Convention ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The U.S

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the summer of 2004, the First Coast Guard District in Boston, Massachusetts supported both Presidential political nominating conventions for the 2004 election. The Democratic National Convention was held in Boston, Massachusetts on July 26–29, 2004, and the Republican National Convention was held in New York City from August 30th to September 2, 2004. This was the first time both conventions have taken place within the geographic area of responsibility of a single Coast Guard District. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security declared both of these events as National Special Security Events under Presidential Decision Directive 62 (PDD-62). PDD-62 formalized and delineated the roles and responsibilities of federal agencies in the development of security plans for major events. The 2004 Democratic and Republican Conventions were the first political conventions held in the United States since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the months before the Democratic National Convention, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice stated that there was credible intelligence from multiple sources indicating that al-Qaeda planned to attempt an attack on the United States during the period leading up to the election. (Joint Statement of Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge and Attorney General John Ashcroft on May 28, 2004) The terrorist attacks on the Madrid rail system were a direct attempt by AI Qaeda to influence the elections in Spain, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was going to take all appropriate steps to prevent a similar attack in the United States. (Schmidt and Priest, Washington Post May 26, 2004; Page A02) The 2004 Conventions offered a significant challenge for the Coast Guard and other federal, state, and local agencies that had dual responsibility for coordinating security operations while being prepared to respond to a disaster including oil spills and hazardous substance releases—the combination of what was previously designated as crisis and consequence management under PDD-39. This paper will examine lessons learned from planning and operations in support of the conventions. Having served as the First District Project Officer for the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, this paper is written as my observations of the lessons learned and offers some insight into what went well and possible areas for improvement as I observed throughout the more than 18 months of planning for these events of national significance. The Coast Guard planning and operational support for the Democratic and Republican National Conventions demonstrated the importance of a team approach to planning, interagency coordination and partnerships, pre-event preparedness activities, and pre-deploying personnel and resources for response. It is my hope that the observations contained in this paper can benefit federal, state, and local agencies as they prepare for large significant events in the future including National Special Security Events.

Implementing the Cities Readiness Initiative: Lessons Learned From Boston

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard K. Koh ◽  
Loris J. Elqura ◽  
Christine M. Judge ◽  
John P. Jacob ◽  
Amy E. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
City Population ◽  
Clinic Site ◽  
State And Local ◽  
National Preparedness

ABSTRACTThe federally funded Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) requires seamless federal, state, and local public health coordination to provide antibiotics to an entire city population within 48 hours of an aerosolized release of anthrax. We document practical lessons learned from the development and implementation of the Boston CRI plan. Key themes center on heightened emphasis on security, a new mass protection model of dispensing, neighborhood-centric clinic site selection, online training of Medical Reserve Corps volunteers, and the testing of operations through drills and exercises. Sharing such lessons can build national preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:40–49)

scholarly journals THE COLONIAL PIPELINE SPILL: A CASE STUDY

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Kevin Koob ◽  
Roger Lafferiere ◽  
Jennie DeVeaux ◽  
Greg DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Fairfax County ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Unified Command ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Communication Resource

ABSTRACT The response to the Colonial Pipeline spill in Fairfax County, Virginia, provided an opportunity to apply the emergency response concepts of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Protection of human health and the environment was the paramount goal of the response. This goal was successfully achieved through the establishment of a unified command system to coordinate federal, state, and local interests and activities. The major operational objectives of the response were to secure the source of the spill, limit its migration through the use of containment boom, and recover spilled oil by using skimmers and other mechanical means. For the most part, these operational objectives were achieved in an efficient manner. However, some difficulties were encountered due to the inaccessibility of the major recovery area, debris-clogged skimmers, and insufficient supply of on-scene response resources. Such problems were addressed through the use of additional federal resources and innovative response principles, such as the construction of a temporary pipeline to transport recovered oil. Agencies involved in the response noted strengths and weaknesses in the areas of logistics, notification, communication, resource availability, and response actions and highlighted areas for improvement. The review and future implementation of such lessons learned can enhance the level of preparedness for spills of a similar nature.

Emergency Medical Consequence Planning and Management for National Special Security Events After September 11: Boston 2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Kade ◽  
Kathryn H. Brinsfield ◽  
Richard A. Serino ◽  
Elena Savoia ◽  
Howard K. Koh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Medical Consequence ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
State And Local

ABSTRACTThe post-September 11 era has prompted unprecedented attention to medical preparations for national special security events (NSSE), requiring extraordinary planning and coordination among federal, state, and local agencies. For an NSSE, the US Secret Service (USSS) serves as the lead agency for all security operations and coordinates with relevant partners to provide for the safety and welfare of participants. For the 2004 Democratic National Convention (DNC), designated an NSSE, the USSS tasked the Boston Emergency Medical Services (BEMS) of the Boston Public Health Commission with the design and implementation of health services related to the Convention. In this article, we describe the planning and development of BEMS’ robust 2004 DNC Medical Consequence Management Plan, addressing the following activities: public health surveillance, on-site medical care, surge capacity in the event of a mass casualty incident, and management of federal response assets. Lessons learned from enhanced medical planning for the 2004 DNC may serve as an effective model for future mass gathering events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:166–173)

Emergency Response Planning – Does Your Plan Address a Sound Sampling, Analytical, and Quality Assurance Program?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 284596
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Claycomb ◽  
Rock J. Vitale ◽  
Ruth L. Forman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
State And Local

As a result of recent highly publicized incidents, energy producers have recognized the need to place an emphasis on the preparation and planning for the services required to successfully guide the critical chemical and scientific data collection activities that are needed in response to an oil spill incident. In preparing for an emergency response, the need to develop guidance that specifies the types of samples and proper methods of collection, analyses, and documentation required when responding to an oil spill should be in place. This information can be used by responders to assess potential impact to human and ecological health; to determine fate and effect; to identify source, age, and degree of weathering; and to maximize defensibility of data. The guidance needs to span the early stages of a spill response through the subsequent stages of preservation and retention of samples. This poster will report on lessons learned on recent emergency response incidents, as they relate to collaborating efforts to help ensure that the proper processes are being followed and data quality is being maintained from sample collection through data reporting. This collaboration needs to include efforts on preparing project control documents (e.g., standard operating procedures, sampling plans, and health and safety plans) and conducting oversights of field activities for compliance with these documents; developing a laboratory program that includes laboratory auditing, data verification and validation, and proper quality control requirements; and implementing a program-wide, enterprise-level data management system. Each of these processes will help ensure that the data generated are of known and acceptable quality; the data can be used for the intended purpose; and that the data are readily available to project personnel and federal, state, and local environmental officials.

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