Constructing a Resilient Distribution System Using Cabotage

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Edison Puma-Ayasta ◽  
Jorge M. Young Lores ◽  
Carmen E. Cueto-Cachay ◽  
Aranzazu J. Caballero-Quispe ◽  
Christian A. Tinoco-Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Coastal El Niño

After a major disaster, commercial supply and delivery activities suffer serious problems because transport infrastructures can be damaged, destroyed, inactive, or restricted. During the first months of 2017 in Peru, the phenomenon of the coastal El Niño increased rainfall along the coast, which caused the blockage of numerous roads and bridges that affected one and a half million people. This situation caused many companies to halt their distribution logistics operations. For this reason cabotage was considered to replace traditional transport to merchandise by road. Maritime cabotage consists of the transport of loads and people considering short distances and low-medium loads. This research tackles increasing resilience distribution using cabotage as an option to transport merchandise in post-disaster scenario through a Peruvian processed food company based on empirical evidence. Results show that cabotage service is in process to mature in Peru. The company analyzed showed positive results during the coastal El Niño 2017 phenomenon.

scholarly journals Coping with abrupt environmental change: the impact of the coastal El Niño 2017 on artisanal fisheries and mariculture in North Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Clara Kluger ◽  
Sophia Kochalski ◽  
Arturo Aguirre-Velarde ◽  
Ivonne Vivar ◽  
Matthias Wolff
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal El Niño

Abstract In February and March 2017, a coastal El Niño caused extraordinary heavy rains and a rise in water temperatures along the coast of northern Peru. In this work, we document the impacts of this phenomenon on the artisanal fisheries and the scallop aquaculture sector, both of which represent important socio-economic activities for the province of Sechura. Despite the perceived absence of effective disaster management and rehabilitation policies, resource users opted for a wide range of different adaptation strategies and are currently striving towards recovery. One year after the event, the artisanal fisheries fleet has returned to operating almost on a normal scale, while the aquaculture sector is still drastically impacted, with many people continuing to work in different economic sectors and even in other regions of the country. Recovery of the social-ecological system of Sechura likely depends on the occurrence of scallop seed and the financial capacity of small-scale producers to reinitiate scallop cultures. Long-term consequences of this coastal El Niño are yet to be studied, though the need to develop trans-local and trans-sectoral management strategies for coping with disturbance events of this scale is emphasized.

scholarly journals Evolution and Recovery:  Adaptable Housing  Reconstruction in Post  Disaster Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people, causing damage that can take months or years to recover from. The reality of carrying out the processes of reconstruction and recreating functionality is a complex and difficult task; too often it is measured in a time period of several years. The issue to be addressed through this research is the response of the built (or rebuilt) environment to the requirements of people who have been displaced following a major disaster. This thesis develops a building typology and process that can adapt to the changing requirements of the stages of the redevelopment process in a post‐disaster scenario. The research focuses on natural disasters, more vulnerable populations and regions and specifically on housing reconstruction. It explores the idea of a solution that can be applied widely, to many different climates and contexts; the research question then amounts to ‘can a solution be created that can ‘evolve’ to meet the needs at each stage of a post disaster reconstruction scenario?’ The thesis explores existing post‐disaster response and reconstruction models and discusses the focuses and priorities of each. The requirements of displaced people are studied, in terms of response by the built environment, and the benefits of staged development versus end product discussed. The roles that major groups, such as local authorities and NGOs, play in orchestrating the reconstruction process are discussed as well as the important, and sometimes overlooked, role that those affected by the disaster may have. The discussion and research then informs the design proposal. Four sites are selected and used as parameters for developing the built response to the first stage of reconstruction. The selected sites are then used to show how a generic shelter may first be adapted to be suitable for a specific climate and context and then how they may be added to and grown to become permanent and suitable housing for the displaced people. The staged redevelopment process from a partially generic emergency deployment presented in this thesis can provide a solution, or framework for a solution, to many of the problems raised by the research and here, but it cannot be a solution by itself; architecture or design in post‐disaster scenarios must be supported and driven heavily by planning and management from local, national and international sources to be successful and fully realised.</p>

Everything that Rises Must Converge: Huaicos, Communitas, and Humanitarian Exchange in Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Bird ◽  
Alejandra Hidalgo ◽  
Erika León ◽  
Vicente M. León
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Societal Transformation ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Post Disaster

While terms such as solidarity and communitas are invoked, sometimes interchangeably, to characterize the feeling of togetherness supporting mutual aid during the emergency phase of disasters, they are not identical phenomena. This article examines the 2017 Peruvian huiaco disaster to understand the role communitas and reciprocity play in the mobilization of emergency aid and the growing sense of togetherness buttressing its distribution. Via an in situ qualitative study conducted as the disaster unfolded, we analyze how the huaicos or flashfloods and mudslides caused by the El Niño phenomenon activated a temporary but structured humanitarian exchange that filled voids left by disrupted markets and debilitated local, regional, and national governments. This aid resulted from a media-fueled sense of togetherness that motivated an asymmetric exchange based on principles of redistribution and generalized reciprocity. While the short-term feeling of togetherness offered a glimpse of possible societal transformation, once communitas ended, the humanitarian exchange further reproduced pre-existing social structures and exacerbated vulnerability. With an understanding of how temporary post-disaster communitas operates, the challenge lies in the strategic importance of prolonging the experience of communitas to address the new relational vulnerability created by humanitarian exchange.

The anomalous 2017 coastal El Niño event in Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 5605-5622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodríguez-Morata ◽  
H. F. Díaz ◽  
J. A. Ballesteros-Canovas ◽  
M. Rohrer ◽  
M. Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Coastal El Niño

scholarly journals Forcings and Evolution of the 2017 Coastal El Niño Off Northern Peru and Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Echevin ◽  
Francois Colas ◽  
Dante Espinoza-Morriberon ◽  
Luis Vasquez ◽  
Tony Anculle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Coastal El Niño

scholarly journals Situation of Dengue after the Phenomenon of the Coastal El Niño

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Díaz-Vélez ◽  
Jorge Luis Fernández-Mogollón ◽  
John Alexis Cabrera-Enríquez ◽  
Stalin Tello-Vera ◽  
Oscar Medrano-Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Coastal El Niño

Coastal El Niño is a weather phenomenon that is caused by abnormal warming (above 0.4°C) of the Pacific Ocean waters near the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and it can even reach the central and southern Peruvian coast. As a result of the climatic phenomenon, the Aedes aegypti vector (which in turn is a vector of chikungunya and Zika fever) had been quickly installed in 448 districts of Peru, and emergency was declared in 10 regions, which reported 231,874 victims; 1,129,013 affected and 143 dead. It is necessary to know this, because the direct impact of the weather phenomena contributes to the dengue vector conditioning, facilitating its dissemination with ease. The geographical and climatic conditions of the cities most affected by the El Niño Costero phenomenon turned them into zones of epidemics; in these places, there is an important population growth, from urbanization to sectorization in young towns and urban slums, where in many there is no basic infrastructure and water supply is insufficient, which requires temporary water storage, as well as high temperatures, migratory movement, and beaches with influx of people, which make not only dengue proliferate but also other arbovirosis such as chikungunya.

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