The Turkish Biotechnology System

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1240-1253
Author(s):  
Dilek Cetindamar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

This chapter empirically examines biotechnology innovation system in order to present the concerns of developing countries. Even though it is not possible to create standard prescriptions across countries, this paper aims to develop a solid understanding of how biotechnology and institutions co-evolve that might shed light to innovation policy issues for biotechnology across developing countries. The immediate goal is the Turkish policy makers but it will surely have policy implications for developing countries in general. Through mapping innovation processes/functions over time, it is possible to develop insights of the dynamics of innovation systems. This mapping is carried out for the Turkish biotechnology system, and the findings are summarized.

The Turkish Biotechnology System

2017 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Dilek Cetindamar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

This chapter empirically examines biotechnology innovation system in order to present the concerns of developing countries. Even though it is not possible to create standard prescriptions across countries, this paper aims to develop a solid understanding of how biotechnology and institutions co-evolve that might shed light to innovation policy issues for biotechnology across developing countries. The immediate goal is the Turkish policy makers but it will surely have policy implications for developing countries in general. Through mapping innovation processes/functions over time, it is possible to develop insights of the dynamics of innovation systems. This mapping is carried out for the Turkish biotechnology system, and the findings are summarized.

Changing Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-186
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues

Institutions (including regulations) are constitutive elements of innovation systems. Some institutions are influenced by public actors, and they are elements of innovation policy. Focusing on (soft and hard) regulation, the chapter identifies the most salient regulatory areas from the perspective of the innovation system. When asking about the effects of regulation on innovation, the chapter argues that there are three key issues that need careful analysis, namely, whether regulation is effective and efficient in terms of reducing uncertainty and generating incentives; whether it is able to generate ultimately wider social benefits for the innovativeness of the system at large; and the extent to which regulation is adapting to new (social, economic, and technological) contexts and is socially legitimate and accepted. This provides guidance for the design and redesign of innovation policy, so that policy-makers analyse empirically the social dynamics actually generated by regulation rather than simply assuming deductively their effects.

scholarly journals Formulasi Kebijakan Roadmap Inovasi Daerah di Kabupaten Bekasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Waluyo Zulfikar ◽  
Ipah Ema Jumiati
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Industrial Zones

Bekasi Regency is the area with the largest industrial area in Southeast Asia, where there are 16 industrial areas with relatively large land area. In addition, there are also seven large industrial zones or industrial zones on an international scale, in line with this, the problem of public service delivery in the Bekasi District Government must be carried out properly to the public. In optimizing the public services, various innovative ideas and ideas are needed to create synergy and efficiency in the provision of these public services. In this study, the innovation system is a unified component that influences the direction of development and speed of innovation, diffusion, and learning processes in the development, mastery, advancement and application/utilization of science and technology. How sub-subsystems (elements / factors) play their roles, their interrelations (including policy coherence), and the dynamics of their interactions determine or influence the dynamic performance of innovation systems. Strengthening the innovation system means structuring the system (holistic, simultaneous, systemic issues) in a structured way. In a policy perspective, strengthening innovation systems means remedial steps that need to be directed to address systemic failures. Therefore, policy strategies need to be developed as a unified innovation policy framework (KKI) to strengthen the system.

scholarly journals Regional Innovation Systems in Poland: How to classify them?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-1003
Author(s):  
Dorota Ciołek ◽  
Anna Golejewska ◽  
Adriana Zabłocka-Abi Yaghi
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
And Performance

The literature emphasises the role of regional and local innovation environment. Regional Innovation Systems show differences in innovation outputs determined by different inputs. Understanding these relationships can have important implications for regional and innovation policy. The research aims to classify Regional Innovation Systems in Poland according to their innovation capacity and performance. The analysis covers 72 subregions (classified as NUTS 3 in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) in 2004–2016. Classes of Regional Innovation Systems in Poland were identified based on a combination of linear and functional approaches and data from published and unpublished sources. It was assumed that innovation systems in Poland differ due to their location in metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions, thus, the Eurostat NUTS 3 metro/non-metro typology was applied for this purpose. Panel data regressions as models with individual random effects were estimated separately for metropolitan and non-metropolitan groups of subregions. The study identified common determinants of innovation outputs in both NUTS 3 types: share of innovative industrial enterprises, industry share, unemployment rate, and employment in research and development. Next, NUTS 3 were classified within each of two analysed types in line with output- and input-indices, the latter being calculated as non-weighted average of significant inputs. Last, the subregions were clustered based on individual inputs to enable a more detailed assessment of their innovation potential. The cluster analysis using k-means method with maximum cluster distance was applied. The results showed that the composition of the classes identified within metropolitan and non-metropolitan systems in 2004– 2016 remains unstable, similarly to the composition of clusters identified by inputs. The latter confirms the changes in components of the capacity within both Regional Innovation System types. The observed situation allows us to assume that Regional Innovation Systems in Poland are evolving. In further research, the efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems should be assessed, taking into account the differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions as well as other environmental factors that may determine the efficiency of innovative processes.

A New Approach for Analysing National Innovation Systems in Emerging and Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Seidel ◽  
Lysann Müller ◽  
Gerd Meier zu Köcker ◽  
Guajarino de Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Local System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries

This paper presents a tool for the indicator-based analysis of national innovation systems (ANIS). ANIS identifies the economic strengths and weaknesses of a country-wide, regional or local system and includes a comprehensive examination and evaluation of the status of existing innovation systems. The use of a particular form of expert interviews at macro, meso and micro levels provides a detailed image of a national, regional or local economy. This analytical approach is intended mainly for emerging and developing countries, for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches may not be appropriate. The ANIS approach provides a quick and comprehensive picture of the main scope of interventions for improving individual determinants of an innovation system. As a result, targeted policy measures can be formulated to address these determinants. Policy makers can thus benefit from clear advice when striving to overcome weaknesses in their innovation systems and in identifying those determinants that should receive special attention. An analysis of the local innovation system of Manaus in Brazil is presented here as an example.

Regional Innovation Systems: Finland’s Experience

2012 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
V. Pchelintsev
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation Systems ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Innovation Policies

The paper examines governmental strategies, main actors and instruments of innovation policies shaping innovation-driven economy in Finland, with particular attention to the regional scale. The analysis focuses on how the regional innovation systems approach became a framework for the design of innovation policies. An innovation system involves cooperation between firms and knowledge creating and diffusing organizations, – such as universities, colleges, training organizations, R&D-institutes, technology transfer agencies. Innovations are considered as interactive learning process. Cooperation and interaction between regional/local and national/international actors is necessary to combine both local and non-local knowledge, skills and competences. The key elements of the policy environment, as well as implementation of the main regional innovation policy instruments – the Centers of Expertise Programme and Regional Centre Programme – are described.

Innovation Management Capabilities for R&D in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 2724-2734
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Asim ◽  
Shahryar Sorooshian
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Management Capabilities

As most of the developing countries Pakistan has not yet structure the national innovation system with any concrete policies in order to assist their domestic requirement without comprehensive development of their R&D capabilities. As compares to some of the emerging economies Pakistan National innovation system (NIS) unfortunately operated in isolation unsynchronized structure may cause serious challenge for R&D sector that still unable to developed innovational capabilities. This study highlights the potential gaps in national innovation structure to facilitate the R&D sector. This study explores the significance of innovation capabilities as during the development of national innovation policy to support the innovation structure.

GRAHAM E. FULLERAND REND RAHIM FRANCKE, The Arab Shiעa: The Forgotten Muslims (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.) Pp. 290. $49.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Author(s):  
Kamran Aghaie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Practical Representation

As a historian interested in Shiעi communities in Arab countries, I could not help but be disappointed by the lack of social and cultural history in this study. However, this is not a negative reflection on the book. What may at first seem like a weakness to readers such as myself, who are more interested in social and cultural history, is actually a necessary part of the authors' formulation of their argument. The book is intended to be a very practical representation of the Arab Shiעi with political analysis that has immediate policy implications for the Shiעi themselves, the Arab regimes that rule over them, and the United States. As a monograph dealing with policy issues related to the Arab Shiעi, this book is very successful and is of special interest to scholars, activists, and policy-makers dealing with issues related to the Arab Shiעi.

scholarly journals A Functional Analysis of Technological Innovation Systems in Developing Countries: An Evaluation of Iran’s Photovoltaic Innovation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Mohammad Esmailzadeh ◽  
Siamak Noori ◽  
Alireza Aliahmadi ◽  
Hamidreza Nouralizadeh ◽  
Marcel Bogers
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Functional Problems

For developing countries to catch up, it is vital that they develop emerging technologies and the system that supports that development. The literature suggests developing a technological innovation system (TIS) framework to investigate the development of technologies in a country. Nonetheless, most of this research focuses on developed countries without taking into account developing countries. Therefore, in this paper, we have two main goals. First, reviewing the indicators introduced to the functional analysis of TISs and modifying these indicators based on developing countries’ circumstances. Second, applying this framework to the specific case of Iran’s renewable energy program by using these indicators for analyzing Iran’s photovoltaic TIS to identify the problems. Accordingly, we review indicators used for a functional analysis by considering the needs of developing countries, and we propose a list of indicators that can be used for assessing functions in developing countries’ TISs. The results show that, to evaluate some functions of TIS, we need to use new indicators in developing countries. Finally, we propose some policy recommendations to tackle these functional problems.

Performing ambiguous policy: How innovation events simultaneously perform change and collaborative order

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1419
Author(s):  
Erika Andersson Cederholm ◽  
Patrik Hall
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Meeting Models

The aim of this article is to analyse how innovation policy is staged and legitimised through the dramatised social process of an event. The context is taken from an annual event, Skåne Innovation Week, which is arranged by the regional innovation system in Skåne, Sweden. Innovation systems often organise similar events internationally, which appear to play a key role in performing inter-organisational collaboration between actors from the public sector, industry and research, as well as manifesting belief in the globalised imaginaries of innovation systems. Through the analytical lens of the event as a social drama, the article examines how the event – and thus, innovation policy – is represented in commemorative films and website documents through which three meeting practices are identified: mingling and hanging out, scripted meeting models and spatial staging. The article argues that these meeting practices and their performed interactive social forms sustain the vagueness and ambiguity inherent in innovation policy, particularly between stability and change. The event can be viewed as a form of performative government that maintains a political order while simultaneously hailing its practices as transformative.

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