scholarly journals A Functional Analysis of Technological Innovation Systems in Developing Countries: An Evaluation of Iran’s Photovoltaic Innovation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Mohammad Esmailzadeh ◽  
Siamak Noori ◽  
Alireza Aliahmadi ◽  
Hamidreza Nouralizadeh ◽  
Marcel Bogers
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Functional Problems

For developing countries to catch up, it is vital that they develop emerging technologies and the system that supports that development. The literature suggests developing a technological innovation system (TIS) framework to investigate the development of technologies in a country. Nonetheless, most of this research focuses on developed countries without taking into account developing countries. Therefore, in this paper, we have two main goals. First, reviewing the indicators introduced to the functional analysis of TISs and modifying these indicators based on developing countries’ circumstances. Second, applying this framework to the specific case of Iran’s renewable energy program by using these indicators for analyzing Iran’s photovoltaic TIS to identify the problems. Accordingly, we review indicators used for a functional analysis by considering the needs of developing countries, and we propose a list of indicators that can be used for assessing functions in developing countries’ TISs. The results show that, to evaluate some functions of TIS, we need to use new indicators in developing countries. Finally, we propose some policy recommendations to tackle these functional problems.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF STATE RESOURCES TO CREATE A NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING THE STATE'S ECONOMIC SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Anatoliy B. Yaroshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Market Model ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
Public Resources

The article considers the current and future systems for assessing the effectiveness of the use of state resources to create a national innovation system as a factor in improving the economic security of the state, the author develops a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the use of state resources to create a national innovation system. The cyclical development of the world economy in the conditions of globalization is connected, first of all, with the change of technological structures, as well as with the provision of competitiveness for all levels of economic management. In the domestic and foreign economic literature, there is an idea of the national innovation system, which covers all types of economic objects in the country with innovations, increasing their competitiveness, and, thus, the national economy as a whole, and also directly affects the increase in the level of economic security of the country. Most developed countries and many developing countries have already established or are in the process of establishing their national innovation systems, built either on the basis of models already known and tested in other countries, or new, unique models for building innovation systems. The differences between these models of creation of national innovation systems of different countries are, both in the levels of economic objects, which are the basis of innovative breakthrough, and in the degree of use of public resources: "centralized model", based on public resources, or "market model", or a mixed model of "public-private partnership". These issues are the basis for consideration of the presented article. The methodological basis for writing the article was modern scientific research methods, including: dialectical method, method of system analysis, methods of analogy, comparative analysis, expert methods, structural-functional and normative approaches.

A New Approach for Analysing National Innovation Systems in Emerging and Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Seidel ◽  
Lysann Müller ◽  
Gerd Meier zu Köcker ◽  
Guajarino de Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Local System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Emerging And Developing Countries

This paper presents a tool for the indicator-based analysis of national innovation systems (ANIS). ANIS identifies the economic strengths and weaknesses of a country-wide, regional or local system and includes a comprehensive examination and evaluation of the status of existing innovation systems. The use of a particular form of expert interviews at macro, meso and micro levels provides a detailed image of a national, regional or local economy. This analytical approach is intended mainly for emerging and developing countries, for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches may not be appropriate. The ANIS approach provides a quick and comprehensive picture of the main scope of interventions for improving individual determinants of an innovation system. As a result, targeted policy measures can be formulated to address these determinants. Policy makers can thus benefit from clear advice when striving to overcome weaknesses in their innovation systems and in identifying those determinants that should receive special attention. An analysis of the local innovation system of Manaus in Brazil is presented here as an example.

R&D Internationalization as Mechanism of Innovation in Global Enterprises

2012 ◽  
pp. 619-638
Author(s):  
Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
Do So

Internationalization of Research and Development (R&D) allows transnational companies (TNC) to access different and important resources overseas, which may lead to the improvement of their technological innovation. The literature in this field has been mostly created from studies of TNCs coming from developed countries. This chapter presents some of the main topics the literature addresses on R&D internationalization, then it will explore and verify how companies in developing countries internationalize their R&D activities. In order to do so, a bibliographic review about strategies of internationalization of TNC operations, as well as motivating factors and management of R&D internationalization have been conducted. The chapter finishes by presenting a case study about international R&D conducted in a Brazilian TNC. The results enabled to evidence that, like developed countries TNCs, developing countries’ companies also seem to perform internationalization of R&D activities with very similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Corporate governance, structure and accountability as affected by national government infrastructure in developing countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Shame Mugova ◽  
Paul R. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Financial Infrastructure

Businesses in developing countries face different challenges than those in economically developed countries. Markets and supply chains are less well-established. Dissemination of information is uneven. Because governmental infrastructure has limited ability to support business operations, businesses take on responsibilities that elsewhere are handled by a central government. This study reviews key elements of corporate governance. The study then reviews the banking and manufacturing sectors in Zimbabwe with attention to the presence or absence of financial infrastructure, legal infrastructure, market challenges, supply chain and government involvement to support corporate governance structures and systems. Recommendations for policy and practice changes are recommended. The present analysis of Zimbabwe can guide research on and policy recommendations for governance in other developing countries

E-Business in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 3014-3032
Author(s):  
Peter V. Raven ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang ◽  
Ben B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
China And India ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Way

The Internet has changed the way many companies do business, but has also tended to increase the disparity between firms in developed countries and those in developing countries. As the digital divide seems to grow, the question becomes how will developing countries catch up? We examine two large developing countries, China and India, in an attempt to understand their approaches to developing e-business. While both countries had access to the technology at about the same time, each has taken a different path to utilizing it. These approaches are based on a number of factors, including government initiatives and focus, infrastructure building, experience and understanding of business operations, and culture, among others. China appears to be ahead of India in the mechanics and infrastructure, but India is ahead in e-readiness. Both countries are poised for rapidly increasing e-business, however, they have huge problems of poverty and inequality between urban and rural connectivity must be resolved to really take advantage of e-business.

E-Business in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
pp. 2025-2043
Author(s):  
Peter V. Raven ◽  
Xiaoqing Huang ◽  
Ben B. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
China And India ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Way

The Internet has changed the way many companies do business, but has also tended to increase the disparity between firms in developed countries and those in developing countries. As the digital divide seems to grow, the question becomes how will developing countries catch up? We examine two large developing countries, China and India, in an attempt to understand their approaches to developing e-business. While both countries had access to the technology at about the same time, each has taken a different path to utilizing it. These approaches are based on a number of factors, including government initiatives and focus, infrastructure building, experience and understanding of business operations, and culture, among others. China appears to be ahead of India in the mechanics and infrastructure, but India is ahead in e-readiness. Both countries are poised for rapidly increasing e-business, however, they have huge problems of poverty and inequality between urban and rural connectivity must be resolved to really take advantage of e-business.

Technology Leapfrogging for Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 3707-3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle W.L. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Ict Revolution ◽  
Realistic Goal

Developing countries are generally latecomers to the ICT revolution, but if they can emulate industrialized countries in their adoption of ICTs, they will be afforded the same technological opportunities. Successful exploitation of such opportunities by developing countries can significantly narrow the economic gap between them and developed countries as they catch up in economic development. In ICT’s advancement trajectory, the opportunities offered by a newly emerged ICT tend to be superior to those of prior versions of technology. If a developing country leapfrogged to a newly emerged ICT, it would then be exposed to unprecedented potential in alleviating poverty and securing economic growth, as well as the possibility of surpassing developed and industrialized countries in economic development. Thus, technology leapfrogging is an attractive notion to developing countries, but is it a realistic goal?

Innovation Network in IT Sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Home Base ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Innovation Mode ◽  
The Developed Countries

Multinational Enterprises usually keep their crucial R&D close to their home base. However, recent trends show that MNEs are increasingly offshoring their R&D activities. A couple of decade ago this R&D offshoring phenomenon was mainly restricted in the developed countries. Since early 1990’s this paradigm has changed and many Multinational firms prefer developing countries as their R&D destination. Among developing countries, India and China are favorable destinations for many MNEs. The R&D alliance trends of foreign firms show that, in India they prefer Indian domestic firms and in China, they prefer universities and government research institutes. Government of both these countries should take policy measures to strengthen the linkages between foreign firms and local actor of innovation system. Also, innovation is no longer restricted to or confined within a firm’s border. Firms are acquiring knowledge from outside its boundary by “Open Innovation Mode.”

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