Digital Technologies and 4D Customized Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
James I. Novak ◽  
Jennifer Loy
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Responsive Architecture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Digital design tools are rapidly changing and blurring the boundaries between design disciplines. By extension, the relationship between humans and products is also changing, to the point where opportunities are emerging for products that can co-evolve with their human users over time. This chapter highlights how these ‘4D products' respond to the vision laid out three decades ago for ubiquitous computing, and have the potential to enhance human experiences by creating more seamless human-centered relationships with technology. These developments are examined in context with broader shifts in sociocultural and environmental concerns, as well as similar developments being researched in Responsive Architecture, 4D printing and systems designed to empower individuals during the design process through interactive, parametric model platforms. Technology is fundamentally changing the way designers create physical products, and new understandings are needed to positively guide these changes.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies and 4D Customized Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 403-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Novak ◽  
Jennifer Loy
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitous Computing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Responsive Architecture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Digital design tools are rapidly changing and blurring the boundaries between design disciplines. By extension, the relationship between humans and products is also changing, to the point where opportunities are emerging for products that can co-evolve with their human users over time. This chapter highlights how these ‘4D products' respond to the vision laid out three decades ago for ubiquitous computing, and have the potential to enhance human experiences by creating more seamless human-centered relationships with technology. These developments are examined in context with broader shifts in sociocultural and environmental concerns, as well as similar developments being researched in Responsive Architecture, 4D printing and systems designed to empower individuals during the design process through interactive, parametric model platforms. Technology is fundamentally changing the way designers create physical products, and new understandings are needed to positively guide these changes.

scholarly journals NArchitecTURE: A Paradigm of Design with Nature

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 03063
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Ling
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Design With Nature ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Design Language ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The relationship between architecture and nature has been a constant debate in the field. The preposition that architecture is an integral part of nature and even the natural landscape itself has accompanied the development of architectural theories over time. However, the question of how nature can be a design language intrinsically involved in the design process has not been systematically explored. This paper, therefore, through initiating the concept of NArchitecTURE, commences with a review of relevant theories concerning the relationship between nature and architecture. And then, through investigating a number of pioneering design works, this paper identifies a series of morphological types and spatial patterns that NArchitecTURE can produce. By means of proposing an alternative design paradigm by working with nature, this paper aims to provide contemporary architects with valuable inspiration to achieve environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Scenarios as springboards in design of CSCW

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (488) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Bødker ◽  
Ellen Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

Our point of departure is that the relationship between social science, cooperative working and technology is not as much a matter of differences in understanding, as it is a matter of how to accomplish change. This chapter outlines an approach to design of CSCW where change is addressed in terms of ''expansion of the work practice''. To facilitate the change process as a process of expansion, scenarios are used as springboards. Creation and use of scenarios are supported by a conceptual ''toolbox''. The foundation for this toolbox is an understanding of the design process as ``abductive thinking'' consisting of idea generation and systematic reflection, and an understanding of design tools inspired from activity theory. As design processes may involve different communities of practice, we discuss the role of scenarios as boundary objects.

Generative Trees

2016 ◽  
pp. 898-924
Author(s):  
Primo Proietti ◽  
Marco Filippucci ◽  
Luigi Nasini ◽  
Luca Regni ◽  
Antonio Brunori
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Generative Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

The research integrates the study of trees with the sciences of representation, in order to investigate the relationship between morphology and light interception in a tree, starting from the case study of an olive, modeled without using automation in survey. The representation of canopy architecture, manipulated for agricultural purposes by men, describes the action of sunlight in the tree, testing the potential of advanced digital design tools, especially the generative modeling. Through the design of a specific algorithm, the tree is interpreted like a fragmented photovoltaic panel, analyzed using 14,000 control points, corresponding to each leaves. The possibility of selecting these classes of elements becomes the instrument in interpreting the canopy structure, by finding categories describing and simulating the annual radiance and illuminance.

Generative Trees

2019 ◽  
pp. 399-425
Author(s):  
Primo Proietti ◽  
Marco Filippucci ◽  
Luigi Nasini ◽  
Luca Regni ◽  
Antonio Brunori
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Generative Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

The research integrates the study of trees with the sciences of representation, in order to investigate the relationship between morphology and light interception in a tree, starting from the case study of an olive, modeled without using automation in survey. The representation of canopy architecture, manipulated for agricultural purposes by men, describes the action of sunlight in the tree, testing the potential of advanced digital design tools, especially the generative modeling. Through the design of a specific algorithm, the tree is interpreted like a fragmented photovoltaic panel, analyzed using 14,000 control points, corresponding to each leaves. The possibility of selecting these classes of elements becomes the instrument in interpreting the canopy structure, by finding categories describing and simulating the annual radiance and illuminance.

Specifications for Building a Parametric Model in Digital Architectural Designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 179-219
Author(s):  
Aynoor Farik Alafandy ◽  
Dhuha Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Definition Of

The construction of parametric model is an important stage in the digital design process in general and in the parametric design process in particular. The parametric model allows the designer to make changes and reshape the geometry without erasing and redrawing. It also helps to explore design alternatives as it provides a level of flexibility to be continuously evaluated, revised and updated when adding or altering different components within the same parametric model structure. The research problem has been identified, as there is no clear definition of the specifications of constructing a parametric model in the contemporary digital architectural designs. Therefore, the objective of the research is to put forward a theoretical framework that defines clearly the specifications of building a parametric model. The framework describes the specifications using the following issues: the timing of constructing the parametric model, the knowledge employed in the construction of parametric model, the methods of constructing and revising a parametric model, The place where a parametric model is applied, and finally the number of parametric models within a design. The framework has been applied to six international projects adopting a parametric design approach. The results showed that employing parametric modeling mostly starts at the development stage of design and continues in the detailing and manufacturing stages, the adoption of ill-defined knowledge, the definition of design variables in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and using one parametric model shared among multiple design disciplines.

Flex−Buildings Designed to Change

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Jacques Vink
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Structural Interventions ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Over Time

Flex−buildings are buildings which are literally designed to change. A flex−building must be able to accept different infills and its users must be able to easily adapt their surroundings. Flexibility is defined as the capacity of a building to undergo modifications and accept changes of function with limited structural interventions. More than 40% of the activities housed in a flex building can continue to function during modification. Studies into flex−buildings (commissioned by the Dutch Government) have elicited a number of insights. These are not hard−and−fast conclusions but more in the region of statements and reminders for those involved with flex−buildings. These studies show that it takes more than civil engineering to successfully realise such buildings. Aspects of use and management are at least as important. Besides, it requires designers who are willing to let go of their design after it is finished. For the result is not a completed ‘architectural’ product but a continually changing object. Following insights (among others) will be illustrated with built and unbuilt projects in the Netherlands. • The façade design, for example, figures prominently in designing flexible buildings. It makes special demands on the design’s presentation during the design process, as the building can assume different appearances over time. The double facade is a promising concept that allows for expressive and/or open facades in flexible buildings. It can also help to reduce a building’s energy consumption. • Also by deliberately incorporating excessive space and construction a building has the necessary leeway to accommodate future developments. A building’s flexibility is enhanced by oversize in structure as well as space. • A big multi−use building in Rotterdam (H. A. Maaskant / W. van Tijen (1951)) and recent projects of RUIMTELAB are presented as case−studies. These are an inspiration for architects and planners looking for design tools to help achieve an open architecture.

scholarly journals WHAT MOTIVATES AND DISCOURAGES DESIGNERS TO USE DIGITAL SKETCHING? COMPARING ITS USE TO EXTERNALISE IDEAS VERSUS COMMUNICATING WITH EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3441-3450
Author(s):  
Charlie Ranscombe ◽  
Wenwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
External Communication ◽  
External Stakeholders

AbstractDigital design tools have dominated engineering and design practice offering many advantages that ultimately improve efficiency in the design process. Digital sketching is one such example of these tools yet, its current use is primarily to present work to stakeholders (External Communication). It is relatively underused to externalise ideas (Externalisation) where sketching on paper is still favoured. This paper aims to understand the characteristics of digital sketching that motivate or discourage designers to use the tool. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 designers to gain insights on the tool's use in External Communication and Externalisation. Results highlight a trade-off between fidelity of visualisations and time and effort expended to achieve visualisations. The key difference between the use scenarios is the way in which this trade-off is connected to managing stakeholder involvement. While designers acknowledge advantages that digital sketching can offer in externalisation, it is viewed as requiring a level of detail to begin use. In conclusion we suggest segmenting roles of digital sketching in terms of the characteristics identified in this study would help to motivate use in Externalisation.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

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