Characteristics of Agro-Entrepreneurs in Southeast Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Bojan Leković ◽  
Miodrag Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The research area of this chapter includes determinants that influence early-stage entrepreneurial activity in the agro sector in the countries of the Southeast Europe region (SEE). The research implies determinants such as national culture, individual entrepreneurial characteristics, as well as entrepreneurial aspirations (growth, innovation, and internationalization). Data for the research was provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database. To form a research sample, data were collected from agrobusiness entrepreneurs in Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and North Macedonia. In line with the theory, past research and the result of empirical research, authors propose a model consisted of determinants that influence early-stage entrepreneurial activity in the agro sector in the countries of SEE.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN AMERICAN INDIAN NATIONS: EXTENDING THE GEM METHODOLOGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350009
Author(s):  
REBECCA J. FRANKLIN ◽  
MICHAEL H. MORRIS ◽  
JUSTIN W. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Indian Nations

Drawing on institutional theory and using a methodology adapted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), early stage entrepreneurial activities are examined within American Indian nations. Examining a context within a larger institutional context, comparisons are made between three American Indian nations and the United States. Patterns are identified regarding total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), nascent entrepreneurship, business discontinuation and new and established business rates. Additional analyses are conducted of individual-level variables within American Indian nations including location, self-efficacy and other variables in relation to nascent entrepreneurship and business ownership. Implications are drawn for tribal entrepreneurship development and further extension of the GEM methodology.

scholarly journals The value of entrepreneurship by gender on regional behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Crecente ◽  
María Sarabia ◽  
María Teresa del Val
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organization ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper examines how the value of entrepreneurship by gender is related to regional behaviour. Researchers have traditionally defined entrepreneurial organization as separate to gender and to economic growth. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) we complete a dataset of 50 countries using variables such as total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) and opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activity (OPP). The methodology used proposes an analysis of regional convergence, comparing the evolution over time of both the rate of entrepreneurial activity and the ratios of opportunity-driven and need-driven entrepreneurial activity, distinguishing by gender. On the other hand, a regression model is proposed that explains the greater presence of female entrepreneurship. The results show that entrepreneurship by gender is an important factor to define different cluster of countries according to how men and women entrepreneurs create new economic opportunities.

scholarly journals Women Entrepreneurship in Visegrad Region and its Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1899-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Holienka ◽  
Zuzana Jančovičová ◽  
Zuzana Kovačičová
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Visegrád Countries

The aim of our paper is to analyze the quantitative aspects of entrepreneurial activity among female population, and to investigate for drivers of women involvement in early‑stage entrepreneurial activities in Visegrad countries (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland). We employ Global Entrepreneurship Monitor national and individual level data for four consecutive years 2011 – 2014 (altogether 16,036 respondents). First, we analyze the main indicators of female entrepreneurial activity, including the inclusivity index, using the descriptive statistics methods. Second, we execute logistic regression analysis and look for the factors related to entering the entrepreneurial path among women in our region, while considering the opportunity and necessity motive dichotomy. Our results show that women in V4 region exhibit more sceptic attitudes towards entrepreneurship as well as low inclusion in entrepreneurial activity in all stages, compared to their male counterparts. Further in our analysis, we have identified the most important factors that act as women entrepreneurship drivers, considering its motivation. Our findings therefore unveil the problematic aspects of women entrepreneurship in Visegrad countries and point out the potential solutions. In our paper we further discuss these findings and their implications.

scholarly journals Cross-country differences in drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Sendra-Pons ◽  
Sara Belarbi-Muñoz ◽  
Dolores Garzón ◽  
Alicia Mas-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractThis paper analyzes the drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship using a sample of 59 countries, with data sourced from the 2018–2019 global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). It develops a theoretical framework describing how post-secondary education, startup skills, fear of failure, knowing another entrepreneur, entrepreneurial intentions, and hiring expectations act as drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship. Using qualitative comparative analysis, two models are tested to explain the presence and absence of female necessity entrepreneurship. This outcome is measured using the GEM indicator of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurial Activity: Evidence from EU 11 Countries

ECONOMICS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Mandić ◽  
Zoran Borović ◽  
Mladen Jovićević
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Long Term Impact

Summary In this paper, we will present the results of our survey on economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity. We have conducted our analysis on EU 11countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom) for the time period 2000- 2014. To measure the entrepreneurial activity we have used data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and to measure economic freedom, we have used data from Fraiser Institute. Our results suggest strong positive and statistically significant, long term impact of economic freedom on entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals The influence of individual characteristics on getting involved in an entrepreneurial team: The contingent role of individualism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly Pinzón ◽  
Javier Montero ◽  
José L. González-Pernía
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

AbstractA traditional stereotype of the entrepreneur is that of a lone hero. However, many entrepreneurs engage in new businesses as members of entrepreneurial teams. These teams usually perform better in terms of employment generation, innovation, and profits. Thus, a relevant question is why some individuals get involved in entrepreneurship through a team rather than alone. Our explanation is focused on two variables related to the entrepreneur’s human capital: their educational level and their intrapreneurial experience. There are conflicting arguments on how these variables lead an entrepreneur to join a team, and we argue that the degree of individualism of the society helps us understand the discrepancies. We use a sample of 66,716 early-stage entrepreneurs from 66 countries surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor between 2014 and 2017. Our results show that entrepreneurs with higher levels of education and intrapreneurial experience are more likely to be involved in the entrepreneurship process as members of teams. However, the effect of educational level is less pronounced in individualist contexts. In addition, we find that the motivation to enter entrepreneurship partially mediates these relationships, as individuals endowed with higher human capital are likely to enter entrepreneurship driven by an opportunistic motivation, which in turns makes them likely to need or join teams to reach their goals.

Entrepreneurship and National Culture

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guilherme Leitão Dantas ◽  
António Moreira ◽  
Fernando Manuel Valente
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The direct relationship between national cultural practice and entrepreneurship activities is analyzed in this chapter, based on the analysis of 44 countries. Datasets from 2012 and 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report are used to characterize three types of entrepreneurship: early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA); necessity-driven entrepreneurship (NDE) and opportunity-driven (ODE) entrepreneurship. Data sets on national cultural values are used to analyze five dimensions of Hofstede's work on cultural values (power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance). For that, the authors use the Values Survey Module 2013, which has been adapted from Hofstede's previous work from 2010 and 2008. The main conclusion is that the three types of entrepreneurship analyzed in this chapter are differently explained by the cultural and expanded models. If the country of origin and the type of economy are useful to explain TEA, they are of no added value to explain necessity-driven or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in an emerging and culturally diverse economy: a South African perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Luiz ◽  
Martine Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Diverse Economy

Of all the developing countries that participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey, South Africa was ranked the lowest, in terms of entrepreneurial activity. It is clear that South Africa is not producing a sufficiently entrepreneurial economy and this needs to be addressed so as to create employment, expand markets, increase production and revitalize communities. This paper examines the entrepreneurial traits of a diverse group of young adults in South Africa. It looks at their attitudes towards and perceptions of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial opportunities and the broader environment in an attempt to clarify how South Africans view entrepreneurship.

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