scholarly journals The value of entrepreneurship by gender on regional behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Crecente ◽  
María Sarabia ◽  
María Teresa del Val
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organization ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper examines how the value of entrepreneurship by gender is related to regional behaviour. Researchers have traditionally defined entrepreneurial organization as separate to gender and to economic growth. Using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) we complete a dataset of 50 countries using variables such as total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) and opportunity-driven entrepreneurial activity (OPP). The methodology used proposes an analysis of regional convergence, comparing the evolution over time of both the rate of entrepreneurial activity and the ratios of opportunity-driven and need-driven entrepreneurial activity, distinguishing by gender. On the other hand, a regression model is proposed that explains the greater presence of female entrepreneurship. The results show that entrepreneurship by gender is an important factor to define different cluster of countries according to how men and women entrepreneurs create new economic opportunities.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN AMERICAN INDIAN NATIONS: EXTENDING THE GEM METHODOLOGY

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350009
Author(s):  
REBECCA J. FRANKLIN ◽  
MICHAEL H. MORRIS ◽  
JUSTIN W. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Indian Nations

Drawing on institutional theory and using a methodology adapted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), early stage entrepreneurial activities are examined within American Indian nations. Examining a context within a larger institutional context, comparisons are made between three American Indian nations and the United States. Patterns are identified regarding total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), nascent entrepreneurship, business discontinuation and new and established business rates. Additional analyses are conducted of individual-level variables within American Indian nations including location, self-efficacy and other variables in relation to nascent entrepreneurship and business ownership. Implications are drawn for tribal entrepreneurship development and further extension of the GEM methodology.

scholarly journals Women Entrepreneurship in Visegrad Region and its Drivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1899-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Holienka ◽  
Zuzana Jančovičová ◽  
Zuzana Kovačičová
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Visegrád Countries

The aim of our paper is to analyze the quantitative aspects of entrepreneurial activity among female population, and to investigate for drivers of women involvement in early‑stage entrepreneurial activities in Visegrad countries (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland). We employ Global Entrepreneurship Monitor national and individual level data for four consecutive years 2011 – 2014 (altogether 16,036 respondents). First, we analyze the main indicators of female entrepreneurial activity, including the inclusivity index, using the descriptive statistics methods. Second, we execute logistic regression analysis and look for the factors related to entering the entrepreneurial path among women in our region, while considering the opportunity and necessity motive dichotomy. Our results show that women in V4 region exhibit more sceptic attitudes towards entrepreneurship as well as low inclusion in entrepreneurial activity in all stages, compared to their male counterparts. Further in our analysis, we have identified the most important factors that act as women entrepreneurship drivers, considering its motivation. Our findings therefore unveil the problematic aspects of women entrepreneurship in Visegrad countries and point out the potential solutions. In our paper we further discuss these findings and their implications.

scholarly journals Emprendimiento y el rol de la mujer. Caso ecuatoriano

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Palma Samaniego ◽  
Flor Garcés ◽  
Gloria Valencia Vivas ◽  
Wendy Wasbrum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Las Mujeres

La ubicación de las mujeres dentro de mercados de producción y laboral ha presentado limitaciones serias, marcadas por la discriminación y estereotipos, interfiriendo en la inserción laboral de las mismas, siendo su mano de obra menos valorada que la de los hombres; evidenciándose la necesidad de mejorar su inserción y generar nuevas fuentes de trabajo; se han propuesto unidades de negocios impulsando la generación de emprendimientos que permitan incrementar de manera paulatina los ingresos del núcleo familiar. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el término emprendimiento desde el punto de vista conceptual, entendiéndose que por emprendimiento se derivan algunas teorías que permiten observar que es una característica que permite a las personas salir adelante con ideas novedosas, metodológicamente se realiza un análisis de las principales características que tienen los emprendedores observando que la edad promedio de una persona que se inicia de manera temprana en el emprendimiento es de 36 años, a pesar que a lo largo de los años ha existido una paridad al momento de emprender entre los hombres y mujeres, se observar el emprendimiento sucede con mayor proporción en las mujeres 51,1%. El emprendimiento femenino se está volviendo protagonista de la economía nacional. El Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reporta que, en Ecuador, aproximadamente, el 54% de ellas piensan en ser microempresarias en los próximos tres años. Abstract The location of women within the production and labor markets has presented serious limitations, marked by discrimination and stereotypes, interfering with the labor insertion of women being less valued than men. It has evidence the need to improve the insertion of women and generate new sources of work, business units have been proposed, promoting the generation of enterprises that allow the gradual increase of family income. The objective of this research is to show the term entrepreneurship from the conceptual point of view, understanding that by undertaking some theories that allow us to observe that is a feature that allows people to move forward with innovative ideas are derived methodologically an analysis of the performed main features are entrepreneurs noting that the average age of a person who starts early in the venture is 36 years, although over the years has been a parity when undertaking between men and women , will observe the venture is with higher proportion in females 51.1%. Female entrepreneurship is becoming protagonist of the national economy. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports that in Ecuador, approximately 54% of them think of being microentrepreneurs in the next three years.  

Characteristics of Agro-Entrepreneurs in Southeast Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Bojan Leković ◽  
Miodrag Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The research area of this chapter includes determinants that influence early-stage entrepreneurial activity in the agro sector in the countries of the Southeast Europe region (SEE). The research implies determinants such as national culture, individual entrepreneurial characteristics, as well as entrepreneurial aspirations (growth, innovation, and internationalization). Data for the research was provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database. To form a research sample, data were collected from agrobusiness entrepreneurs in Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and North Macedonia. In line with the theory, past research and the result of empirical research, authors propose a model consisted of determinants that influence early-stage entrepreneurial activity in the agro sector in the countries of SEE.

scholarly journals Female Entrepreneurship a comparison between Mexico, Brasil and Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Elizundia
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Key Indicators

The aim of this study was to analyze female entrepreneurship in Mexico, Brazil, and Chile using data obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for each country and to analyze, whether any of the key indicators have significant influence in the female entrepreneurial activity, comparing the results with total and male entrepreneurial activity and comparing the results in all three countries. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression was employed. The results show that some of these factors do have a significant influence in female entrepreneurship, that they are the same on comparison with total and male entrepreneurship, and that these factors (except for believing that participants have the required abilities to start a business) are not the same when comparing all three countries. There is still a lack of literature studies on this phenomenon, especially in Latin America. This study attempts to fill this gap.

scholarly journals Cross-country differences in drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Sendra-Pons ◽  
Sara Belarbi-Muñoz ◽  
Dolores Garzón ◽  
Alicia Mas-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractThis paper analyzes the drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship using a sample of 59 countries, with data sourced from the 2018–2019 global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM). It develops a theoretical framework describing how post-secondary education, startup skills, fear of failure, knowing another entrepreneur, entrepreneurial intentions, and hiring expectations act as drivers of female necessity entrepreneurship. Using qualitative comparative analysis, two models are tested to explain the presence and absence of female necessity entrepreneurship. This outcome is measured using the GEM indicator of total early-stage entrepreneurial activity.

The impact of gender and culture on networking and venture creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugba Kalafatoglu ◽  
Xavier Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
African Region ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networking

Purpose To date, little research has been focused on the nature and dynamics of female entrepreneurial networking activity. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine how gender and culture affect business creation, how women perceive social capital, and how important their personal networks are for their businesses, especially in the context of patriarchal societies. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women entrepreneurs living and operating businesses in Turkey and in four countries of the Middle East and North African region, namely, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Egypt. Findings The results indicate that being a woman entrepreneur in a highly patriarchal society limits entrepreneurial activities due to culture and social norms. However, networking appears as the key factor for these women entrepreneurs to overcome the barriers that they face, such as access to capital, financial information, resources, and new business opportunities. Research limitations/implications This study has limitations that tend to be commonly found in exploratory studies, so you cannot make generalizations. However, the findings lay the groundwork for future studies to examine the role of networking activity in female entrepreneurship in the context of patriarchal societies. Practical implications The findings are helpful for policymakers and other social groups interested in improving the conditions for female entrepreneurship. Governments and other economic actors need to provide training in both management and networking skills, encourage local businesses and associations to provide their venues for networking opportunities, and also provide support to women business organizations. Social implications Women’s entrepreneurship is growing, but still there is a scarcity of scholarly literature on the women entrepreneurs and their entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value This research provides empirical evidence of the nature and dynamics of female entrepreneurial networking activity in the context of patriarchal societies.

scholarly journals Economic Freedom and Entrepreneurial Activity: Evidence from EU 11 Countries

ECONOMICS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Mandić ◽  
Zoran Borović ◽  
Mladen Jovićević
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Long Term Impact

Summary In this paper, we will present the results of our survey on economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity. We have conducted our analysis on EU 11countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom) for the time period 2000- 2014. To measure the entrepreneurial activity we have used data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and to measure economic freedom, we have used data from Fraiser Institute. Our results suggest strong positive and statistically significant, long term impact of economic freedom on entrepreneurial activity.

scholarly journals The influence of individual characteristics on getting involved in an entrepreneurial team: The contingent role of individualism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaly Pinzón ◽  
Javier Montero ◽  
José L. González-Pernía
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

AbstractA traditional stereotype of the entrepreneur is that of a lone hero. However, many entrepreneurs engage in new businesses as members of entrepreneurial teams. These teams usually perform better in terms of employment generation, innovation, and profits. Thus, a relevant question is why some individuals get involved in entrepreneurship through a team rather than alone. Our explanation is focused on two variables related to the entrepreneur’s human capital: their educational level and their intrapreneurial experience. There are conflicting arguments on how these variables lead an entrepreneur to join a team, and we argue that the degree of individualism of the society helps us understand the discrepancies. We use a sample of 66,716 early-stage entrepreneurs from 66 countries surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor between 2014 and 2017. Our results show that entrepreneurs with higher levels of education and intrapreneurial experience are more likely to be involved in the entrepreneurship process as members of teams. However, the effect of educational level is less pronounced in individualist contexts. In addition, we find that the motivation to enter entrepreneurship partially mediates these relationships, as individuals endowed with higher human capital are likely to enter entrepreneurship driven by an opportunistic motivation, which in turns makes them likely to need or join teams to reach their goals.

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