TCP Enhancements for Mobile Internet

2008 ◽  
pp. 619-625
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Sardar ◽  
Debashis Saha
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Access

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the most popular transport layer communication protocol for the Internet, was originally designed for wired networks, where bit error rate (BER) is low and congestion is the primary cause of packet loss. Since mobile access networks are prone to substantial noncongestive losses due to high BER, host motion and handoff mechanisms, they often disturb the traffic control mechanisms in TCP. So the research literature abounds in various TCP enhancements to make it survive in the mobile Internet environment, where mobile devices face temporary and unannounced loss of network connectivity when they move. Mobility of devices causes varying, increased delays and packet losses. TCP incorrectly interprets these delays and losses as sign of network congestion and invokes unnecessary control mechanisms, causing degradation in the end-to-end good put rate. This chapter provides an in-depth survey of various TCP enhancements which aim to redress the above issues and hence are specifically targeted for the mobile Internet applications.

TCP Enhancements for Mobile Internet

2009 ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Sardar ◽  
Debashis Saha
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Access

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the most popular transport layer communication protocol for the Internet, was originally designed for wired networks, where bit error rate (BER) is low and congestion is the primary cause of packet loss. Since mobile access networks are prone to substantial noncongestive losses due to high BER, host motion and handoff mechanisms, they often disturb the traffic control mechanisms in TCP. So the research literature abounds in various TCP enhancements to make it survive in the mobile Internet environment, where mobile devices face temporary and unannounced loss of network connectivity when they move. Mobility of devices causes varying, increased delays and packet losses. TCP incorrectly interprets these delays and losses as sign of network congestion and invokes unnecessary control mechanisms, causing degradation in the end-to-end goodput rate. This chapter provides an in-depth survey of various TCP enhancements which aim to redress the above issues and hence are specifically targeted for the mobile Internet applications.

scholarly journals Fairness and Friendliness Analysis of Most Reliable Transport Layer Protocol

10.29007/62kx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushika Patel
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Process Communication ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Transport Layer Protocol ◽  
Tcp Westwood ◽  
Reliable Transport ◽  
Basic Version

Transport layer deals with process to process communication. It has reliable and non reliable services for communication. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most reliable protocol on transport layer. The basic version of TCP was designed by considering wired networks. Then other implementations could bring enhancement in basic design. The discussion is centered on one of the TCP version TCP Westwood with its New Reno implementation. Characteristics of fairness and friendliness with other competing connections have been evaluated and presented.

Distribution Patterns for Mobile Internet Applications

2009 ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Roland Wagner ◽  
Franz Gruber ◽  
Werner Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Development ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Client Device

After the enormous success of the internet and mobile networks, the next upcoming boost for information technology will be the combination of both. But developing applications for this domain is challenging, because first, most mobile devices provide only small memory and processor footprints, prohibiting resource intensive code at client side and second, mobile networks offer only limited bandwidth, and the probability to connection losses is relatively high compared to wired networks. Selecting the appropriate software architecture in terms of distributing the functionality of the system between server and client device is crucial. Application distribution patterns, known from conventional system development, are analysed for their applicability for the mobile environment. After the more abstract analysis of the patterns, the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) which is part of the current specification of 3G mobile networks is introduced and its support for different application distribution patterns is examined.

Protocol Replacement Proxy for 2.5 and 3G Mobile Internet

2007 ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
V. Khashchanskiy ◽  
A. Kustov ◽  
J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Umts Networks

Providing mobile Internet access in GPRS and UMTS networks is not an easy task. The main problem is in rather challenging network conditions (Inamura, Montenegro, Ludwig, Gurtov, & Khafizov, 2003). Latency in these networks could be an order of magnitude higher than in wired networks, with round-trip time (RTT) reaching up to one second. Moreover, there occur delay spikes in the network, when latency can exceed average RTT several times (Gurtov, 2004). Furthermore, in wireless networks, the risk of experiencing packet losses is considerably higher in comparison to that in wired networks. This is because packets can easily be lost due to corruption, either during deep fading leading to burst losses, or cell reselections, resulting in a link black-out condition. Such characteristics of wireless cellular networks significantly affect performance of the principal Internet protocol—TCP—as it was designed to work in conditions of low-latency reliable networks.

Simulated Performance of TFRC, DCCP, SCTP, and UDP Protocols Over Wired Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Dimitris N. Kanellopoulos ◽  
Ali H. Wheeb
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Transport Layer Protocol ◽  
End To End ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transport Layer Protocols

Multimedia applications impose different QoS requirements (e.g., bounded end-to-end delay and jitter) and need an enhanced transport layer protocol that should handle packet loss, minimize errors, manage network congestion, and transmit efficiently. Across an IP network, the transport layer protocol provides data transmission and affects the QoS provided to the application on hand. The most common transport layer protocols used by Internet applications are TCP and UDP. There are also advanced transport layer protocols such as DCCP and TFRC. The authors evaluated the performance of UDP, DCCP, SCTP, and TFRC over wired networks for three traffic flows: data transmission, video streaming, and voice over IP. The evaluation criteria were throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio. They compared their performance to learn in which traffic flow/service each of these protocols functions better than the others. The throughput of SCTP and TFRC is better than UDP. DCCP is superior to SCTP and TFRC in terms of end-to-end delay. SCTP is suitable for Internet applications that require high bandwidth.

Distribution Patterns for Mobile Internet Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 975-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wagner ◽  
Franz Gruber ◽  
Werner Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Development ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Client Device

After the enormous success of the internet and mobile networks, the next upcoming boost for information technology will be the combination of both. But developing applications for this domain is challenging, because first, most mobile devices provide only small memory and processor footprints, prohibiting resource intensive code at client side and second, mobile networks offer only limited bandwidth, and the probability to connection losses is relatively high compared to wired networks. Selecting the appropriate software architecture in terms of distributing the functionality of the system between server and client device is crucial. Application distribution patterns, known from conventional system development, are analysed for their applicability for the mobile environment. After the more abstract analysis of the patterns, the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) which is part of the current specification of 3G mobile networks is introduced and its support for different application distribution patterns is examined.

Distribution Patterns for Mobile Internet Applications

2011 ◽  
pp. 507-520
Author(s):  
Roland Wagner ◽  
Franz Gruber ◽  
Werner Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Development ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Client Device

After the enormous success of the internet and mobile networks, the next upcoming boost for information technology will be the combination of both. But developing applications for this domain is challenging, because first, most mobile devices provide only small memory and processor footprints, prohibiting resource intensive code at client side and second, mobile networks offer only limited bandwidth, and the probability to connection losses is relatively high compared to wired networks. Selecting the appropriate software architecture in terms of distributing the functionality of the system between server and client device is crucial. Application distribution patterns, known from conventional system development, are analysed for their applicability for the mobile environment. After the more abstract analysis of the patterns, the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) which is part of the current specification of 3G mobile networks is introduced and its support for different application distribution patterns is examined.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of TCP with Identical and Cross-Variant Congestion Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nahida Nigar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Rate Adaptive ◽  
Tcp Vegas

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), a key functional building block of the Internet, operates as a rate-adaptive end-to-end protocol at the Transport Layer of the network protocol stack. It regulates the prevailing load conditions within the network by getting the source node to adapt the packet transfer rate in accord with the processing capacity of the receiver. The regulation is enforced by means of dropping of packets on the part of the receiver. The TCP sender then reduces the packet injection rate so as to allow the network to recover from congestion. The focus of this paper is performance evaluation of certain notable TCP congestion avoidance algorithms, namely, Vegas, Reno and New Reno. Specifically, a number of performance measures have been analysed based on ns-2 simulation data where the scenarios involved TCP flows operating with identical and cross-variant congestion control mechanisms. Congestion window behaviour, packet loss, throughput, transmission delay and jitter are the performance criteria studied with the setup mentioned. In the flows with identical variants, Vegas outperforms other TCP variants. However, TCP Vegas has been observed to contribute to unfair appropriation of the resources in the cross-variant setting.

scholarly journals Improving TCP Performance in Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) Communication

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwoo Park ◽  
Hyogon Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Congestion Control Algorithm ◽  
Communication Environments ◽  
Internet Environment

On a connected car, the performance of Internet access will significantly affect the user experience. For electric cars that use vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication to interact with the Internet during charging, the charge cable quality poses a challenge to the V2G communication. Specifically, the performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the transport protocol that most Internet applications use, may suffer due to the high noise and consequent errors that the charge cable presents. Currently, TCP NewReno is the TCP implementation that ISO 15118 standard stipulates for the V2G communication. However, its congestion control algorithm has been designed for the general Internet environment where congestion, not link errors, account for most of packet losses. Indeed, we confirm that the throughput of TCP NewReno rapidly degrades as the error rate increases on the charge cable. Specifically, we show that other TCP variants such as TCP Illinois far exceeds TCP NewReno in both lossy and non-lossy link environments. Finally, we propose how to configure TCP NewReno parameters to make it achieve the throughput comparable to other TCP variants on V2G communication environments, regardless of the link quality presented by the charging cable.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of TCP Vegas over TCP Reno and TCP NewReno over TCP Reno

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjia Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Bottleneck Link ◽  
Tcp Vegas ◽  
Congestion Control Mechanism ◽  
Tcp Reno

In the Transport layer, there are two types of Internet Protocol are worked, namely- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User datagram protocol (UDP). TCP provides connection oriented service and it can handle congestion control, flow control, and error detection whereas UDP does not provide any of service. TCP has several congestion control mechanisms such as TCP Reno, TCP Vegas, TCP New Reno, TCP Tahoe, etc. In this paper, we have focused on the behavior performance between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas, TCP New Reno over TCP Reno, when they share the same bottleneck link at the router. For instigating this situation, we used drop-tail and RED algorithm at the router and used NS-2 simulator for simulation. From the simulation results, we have observed that the performance of TCP Reno and TCP Vegas is different in two cases. In drop tail algorithm, TCP Reno achieves better Performance and throughput and act more an aggressive than Vegas. In Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm, both of congestion control mechanism provides better fair service when they coexist at the same link. TCP NewReno provides better performance than TCP Reno.

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