scholarly journals Curious Exceptions? Open Source Software and "Open" Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nuvolari ◽  
Francesco Rullani
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The Other ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Reasoning

The aim of this chapter is to explore the differences and commonalities between open source software and other cases of open technology. The concept of open technology is used here to indicate various models of innovation based on the participation of a wide range of different actors who freely share the innovations they have produced. The chapter begins with a review of the problems connected to the production of public goods and explains why open source software seems to be a “curious exception” for traditional economic reasoning. Then it describes the successful operation of similar models of innovation (open technology) in other technological fields. The third section investigates the literature in relation to three fundamental issues in the current open source research agenda, namely, developers’ motivations, performance, and sustainability of the model. Finally, the fourth section provides a final comparison between open source software and the other cases of open technology.

Curious Exceptions?

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nuvolari ◽  
Francesco Rullani
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The Other ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Reasoning

The aim of this article is to explore the differences and commonalities between open source software and other cases of open technology. The concept of open technology is used here to indicate various models of innovation based on the participation of a wide range of different actors who freely share the innovations they have produced. The article begins with a review of the problems connected to the production of public goods and explains why open source software seems to be a “curious exception” for traditional economic reasoning. Then it describes the successful operation of similar models of innovation (open technology) in other technological fields. The third section investigates the literature in relation to three fundamental issues in the current open source research agenda, namely, developers’ motivations, performance, and sustainability of the model. Finally, the fourth section provides a final comparison between open source software and the other cases of open technology.

Trust in Open Source Software Development Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-220
Author(s):  
Amitpal Singh Sohal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Hardeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Trust Evaluation ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Trust Development ◽  
Felt Trust

This study presents the significance of trust for the formation of an Open Source Software Development (OSSD) community. OSSD has various challenges that must be overcome for its successful operation. First is the development of a community, which requires a healthy community formation environment. Taking into consideration various factors for community formation, a strong sense of TRUST among its members has been felt. Trust development is a slow process with various methods for building and maintaining it. OSSD is teamwork but the team is of unknowns and volunteers. Trust forms a pillar for effective cooperation, which leads to a reduction in conflicts and risks, associated with quality software development. This study offers an overview of various existing trust models, which aids in the development of a trust evaluation framework for OSSD communities. Towards the end of the study, various components of the trust evaluation along with an empirical framework for the same have been proposed.

The Eudemian Theogony and Early Orphic Poetry

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Dwayne A. Meisner
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

The third chapter is about a theogony that had been known to the philosopher Eudemus (fourth century BC), and all of the other fragments that modern scholars have associated with this theogony. The Neoplatonist Damascius (fifth century AD) says that the theogony started with Night, but modern scholars have tried to link this to other early fragments of Orphic poetry. This chapter discusses Aristophanes in the first section, and Plato and Aristotle in the second section, arguing that their scattered references to Orphic poems might not have been from the same theogony. The third section introduces the Orphic Hymn(s) to Zeus that appear in different variations, the earliest of which are from around the same time as these other fragments. The fourth section suggests that early Orphic fragments about Demeter and Dionysus are not from the Eudemian theogony.

scholarly journals The Third Design Space: A postcolonial perspective on corporate engagement with open source software communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Kendall ◽  
Julie E. Kendall ◽  
Matt Germonprez ◽  
Lars Mathiassen
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Design Space ◽  
The Third

Evaluating the Potential of Free and Open Source Software in the Developing World

2011 ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor van Reijswoud
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Potential ◽  
African Continent ◽  
International Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Development Organizations

Development organizations and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been emphasizing the high potential of free and open source software (FOSS) for the less developed countries (LDCs). Cost reduction, less vendor dependency, and increased potential for local capacity development have been their main arguments. In spite of its advantages, FOSS is not widely adopted on the African continent. In this chapter the experiences of one of the largest FOSS migrations in Africa is evaluated. The purpose of the evaluation is to make an on-the-ground assessment of the claims about the development potential of FOSS and draw up a research agenda for a FOSS community concerned with the LDCs.

scholarly journals Open Source Paradigm: A Synopsis of The Cathedral and the Bazaar for Health and Social Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Tim Benson
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
The Third ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Closed Source

Background: Open source software (OSS) is becoming more fashionable in health and social care, although the ideas are not new. However progress has been slower than many had expected.Objective: The purpose is to summarise the Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) paradigm in terms of what it is, how it impacts users and software engineers and how it can work as a business model in health and social care sectors.Method: Much of this paper is a synopsis of Eric Raymond’s seminal book The Cathedral and the Bazaar, which was the first comprehensive description of the open source ecosystem, set out in three long essays. Direct quotes from the book are used liberally, without reference to specific passages. The first part contrasts open and closed source approaches to software development and support. The second part describes the culture and practices of the open source movement. The third part considers business models.Conclusion: A key benefit of open source is that users can access and collaborate on improving the software if they wish. Closed source code may be regarded as a strategic business risk that that may be unacceptable if there is an open source alternative. The sharing culture of the open source movement fits well with that of health and social care.

Virtual Reconstruction as Archaeological Observation: Embracing New Ways of Treating Sites, Places and Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Douglass ◽  
Zachary R. Day ◽  
Jeremy C. Brunette ◽  
Peter Bleed ◽  
Douglas Scott
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Online Tutorials ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Southern Oklahoma

AbstractVirtual Reconstruction is a powerful tool broadly suited to a diverse array of archaeological heritage applications. In practice, however, reconstruction has largely focused on grand and monumental sites. Here we present two case studies–one from southern Oklahoma, the other from western Nebraska–to explore the use of this technology for more common heritage applications. The goal of this article is to advertise the dilemma we faced with communicating information on ephemeral sites and how we, as nonspecialists, solved the issue using affordable and accessible digital tools. Our workflow makes use of common tools (GIS) and open source software and online tutorials provide step by step instruction to support its replication. In presenting our experiences and the results of these efforts, we hope to spur similar applications in the use of Virtual Reconstruction to communicate information on archaeological heritage more broadly.

scholarly journals Monitoring Cropping Systems: From Data Collection to Cloud Database Storage Using Open Source Software

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ioanna Panagea ◽  
Dangol Anuja ◽  
Marc Olijslagers ◽  
Jan Diels ◽  
Guido Wyseure
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Sites

Agricultural cropping systems and experiments include complex interactions of processes and various management practices and/or treatments under a wide range of environmental and climatic conditions. The use of standardized formats to monitor and document these systems and experiments can help researchers and stakeholders to efficiently exchange data, promote interdisciplinary collaborations, and simplify modelling and analysis procedures. In the scope of the SoilCare Horizon 2020 project monitoring and assessment work package, an integrated scheme to collect, validate, store, and access cropping system information and experimental data from 16 study sites, was created. The aim of the scheme is to make the data readily available in a way that the information is useful, easy to access and download, and safe, relying only on open source software. The database design considers data and metadata required to properly and easily monitor, process, and analyse cropping systems and/or agricultural experiments. The scheme allows for the storage of data and metadata regarding the experimental set-up, associated people and institutions, information about field management operations and experimental procedures which are clearly separated for making analysis procedures faster, links between system components, and information about the environmental and climatic conditions. Raw data are entered by the users into a structured spreadsheet. The quality is checked before storing the data into the database. Providing raw data allows processing and analysing as each other user needs. A desktop import application has been created to upload the information from spreadsheet to database, which includes automated error checks of relationship tables, data types, data constraints, etc. The final component of the scheme is the database web application interface, which enables users to access and query the database across the study sites without the knowledge of query languages and to download the required data. For this system design, PostgreSQL is used for storing the data, pgAdmin 4 for database management administration, MongoDB for user management and authentication, Python for the development of the import application, Angular and Node.js/Express for the web application and spreadsheets compatible with LibreOffice Calc. The system is currently tested with data provided by the SoilCare study sites. Preliminary testing indicated that extended quality control of the spreadsheets was required from the system’s administrator to meet the standards and restrictions of the import application. Initial comments from the users indicate that the database scheme, even if it initially seems complicated, includes all the variables and details required for a complete monitoring and modelling of an agricultural cropping system.

Considerations Affecting the Preparation of Standard Tables of Mortality

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 135-235
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Mortality Curve ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Standard Table

SynopsisThe first, introductory, section of the paper refers to the Committee's main report on the mortality of immediate annuitants in 1967-70 and to the features of the latest data which prevent it from recommending the preparation of a new standard table at present.The second section describes the preliminary work which led to the suggestion of a graduation formula which appeared to fit the 1967-70 assured lives' data at each duration, and over the whole range of ages up to 90; the graduation, like the experience, showed decreasing mortality with increasing age up to age 28. This work included consideration of mortality from motor vehicle accidents at the ages either side of 20, where the shape of the curve differed from the population experience. It also examined ages 90 and over, to indicate the extent to which very late notification of deaths to the offices distorted the exposed to risk.The third section describes the fitting, with the aid of a computer, of the formula suggested in the preceding section, in order to produce two alternative graduations, one with a two-year select period, the other a five-year select period. Below age 17, where the data were insufficient to indicate the underlying course of the mortality curve, an arbitrary extension of the graduations was made by reference to population experience. The graduations are compared with earlier tables in a short fourth section.The fifth and final section examines the possibility of producing a new table for pensioners, a class of lives for which hitherto there has been no appropriate mortality yardstick. It concludes with recommendations for the preparation of experience tables for male and female pensioners based on the 1967-70 data for “lives”.

RANKING DEVELOPER CANDIDATES BY SOCIAL LINKS

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 1550005 ◽  
Author(s):  
QI XUAN ◽  
CHENBO FU ◽  
LI YU
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Temporal Networks ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Weighted Networks ◽  
Ranking Algorithms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Better Than

In open source software (OSS) projects, participants initially communicate with others and then may become developers if they are deemed worthy by the community. Recent studies indicate that the abundance of established social links of a participant is the strongest predictor to his/her promotion. Having reliable rankings of the candidates is key to recruiting and maintaining a successful operation of an OSS project. This paper adopts degree-based, PageRank, and Hits ranking algorithms to rank developer candidates in OSS projects based on their social links. We construct several types of social networks based on the communications between the participants in Apache OSS projects, then train and test the ranking algorithms in these networks. We find that, for all the ranking algorithms under study, the rankings of emergent developers in temporal networks are higher than those in cumulative ones, indicating that the more recent communications of a developer in a project are more important to predict his/her first commit in the project. By comparison, the simple degree-based and the PageRank ranking algorithms in temporal undirected weighted networks behave better than the others in identifying emergent developers based on four performance indicators, and are thus recommended to be applied in the future.

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