The Syngenta Architecture Story

2007 ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hungerford
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Personal Skills ◽  
Global Company ◽  
General Architecture

We share the experiences of an enterprise architecture (EA) practice within a young global company, Syngenta. We will see how EA within the company has evolved and matured. We will reveal our general architecture experiences, plus insights gleaned from case studies in widely differing business areas. EA nowadays aspires to cover all aspects of the enterprise—particularly business process and information. A theme that we emphasize is that architects can no longer dictate to the organization by reason of analytical/technical superiority, but need the skills to affect strategic decisions and directions by influencing. This leads to the conclusion that effective EA is as much a social activity as a technical one, where personal skills are clearly as important as analytical. In addition, we have found that considering architecture challenges through the lens of business efficiency, growth, and innovation provides a framework for a deeper understanding of the issues, constraints, inevitable trade-offs, and potential architecture solutions to particular business problems.

Institutionalisation of the Enterprise Architecture

2013 ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiko Iyamu
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Despite impressive technical advances in tools and methodologies and the organizational insights provided by many years of academic and business research, the underperformance of Information Technology (IT) remains. In the past and even today, organizations experience difficulty in managing technology, changing from system to system, implementing new technology, maintaining compatibility with existing technologies, and changing from one business process to another. These challenges impact significantly on business performance and will continue to do so if not addressed. As a result, many organizations have deployed Enterprise Architecture (EA) in an attempt to address these challenges. However, the design and development of EA has proven to be easier than its institutionalization. The study explored the development and implementation of EA to determine the factors, which influences the institutionalization. Two case studies were conducted and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was employed in the analysis of the data.

Federated Enterprise Architecture

2014 ◽  
pp. 331-360
Author(s):  
Edward M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Process Standardization ◽  
Federated Search ◽  
Federated Database ◽  
It Innovation ◽  
Business Process Standardization

The purpose of the chapter is to provide clarity on what a Federated Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is and what the benefits as well as risks are in contrast to a non-federated enterprise architecture. The chapter draws upon organizational theory, federalist theory, and case studies to explicate what constitutes a federated model and the expected federated EA benefits. There are a number of challenges with the concept of a FEA. Two are focused on in this chapter: the meaning of federated EA and associated benefits and risks. The first is the use of the term “federated,” which occurs rather frequently in ICT literature, such as “federated search” or “federated database design,” and in the context of IT governance, “federal model” in Drs. Weill and Ross’s book IT Governance. The term also appears in the non-ICT context such as “federated insurance.” However, the term “federated” is frequently not defined and when defined speaks to a decentralization concept. This distinction is relevant to the understanding and success of a federated EA implementation. In reviewing federalist theory, there is a clear difference between decentralization and federalism. It is argued that the so-called federal or federated “model,” as described, is not federated but is a form of decentralization. The second challenge within the EA discipline is the lack of benefits attributed to a FEA. In the few sources that exist for FEA benefits are either not stated or the stated benefits could equally apply to a non-FEA. It is argued that scalability is the singular key benefit that FEA provides over a non-FEA, and the following non-FEA benefits are enhanced: 1) agility and IT innovation, 2) process consolidation and business process standardization and discipline, and 3) interoperability. However, while there are clear benefits to FEA, there are inherent risks.

Theoretical Analysis of Strategic Implementation of Enterprise Architecture

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Tiko Iyamu
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Experience Difficulty

In the past and present, organizations experience difficulty in managing information, technology, changing from system to system, implementing new technology, maintaining compatibility with existing technologies, and changing from one business process to another. It is thought that these challenges could be prohibitive to the organization, and in this regard, many organizations deploy Enterprise Architecture (EA) in an attempt to manage the situations. The deployment of EA does not go without its challenges from development to implementation. This study focuses on the implementation of EA by using two case studies. The case studies are theoretically analysed from the perspective of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to gain better understanding of the socio-technical influence in the implementation of EA in the organisations. This was done by following the negotiation process that took place among the actors, both humans and non humans.

scholarly journals Using Deliberative Democracy for Better Urban Decision-Making through Integrative Thinking

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Janette Hartz-Karp ◽  
Dora Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Region ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

This article expands the evidence about integrative thinking by analyzing two case studies that applied the collaborative decision-making method of deliberative democracy which encourages representative, deliberative and influential public participation. The four-year case studies took place in Western Australia, (1) in the capital city Perth and surrounds, and (2) in the city-region of Greater Geraldton. Both aimed at resolving complex and wicked urban sustainability challenges as they arose. The analysis suggests that a new way of thinking, namely integrative thinking, emerged during the deliberations to produce operative outcomes for decision-makers. Building on theory and research demonstrating that deliberative designs lead to improved reasoning about complex issues, the two case studies show that through discourse based on deliberative norms, participants developed different mindsets, remaining open-minded, intuitive and representative of ordinary people’s basic common sense. This spontaneous appearance of integrative thinking enabled sound decision-making about complex and wicked sustainability-related urban issues. In both case studies, the participants exhibited all characteristics of integrative thinking to produce outcomes for decision-makers: salience—grasping the problems’ multiple aspects; causality—identifying multiple sources of impacts; sequencing—keeping the whole in view while focusing on specific aspects; and resolution—discovering novel ways that avoided bad choice trade-offs.

scholarly journals Optimising pasture and grazing management decisions on the Cicerone Project farmlets over variable time horizons

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Behrendt ◽  
Oscar Cacho ◽  
James M. Scott ◽  
Randall Jones
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stocking Rates

This study addresses the problem of balancing the trade-offs between the need for animal production, profit, and the goal of achieving persistence of desirable species within grazing systems. The bioeconomic framework applied in this study takes into account the impact of climate risk and the management of pastures and grazing rules on the botanical composition of the pasture resource, a factor that impacts on livestock production and economic returns over time. The framework establishes the links between inputs, the state of the pasture resource and outputs, to identify optimal pasture development strategies. The analysis is based on the application of a dynamic pasture resource development simulation model within a seasonal stochastic dynamic programming framework. This enables the derivation of optimum decisions within complex grazing enterprises, over both short-term tactical (such as grazing rest) and long-term strategic (such as pasture renovation) time frames and under climatic uncertainty. The simulation model is parameterised using data and systems from the Cicerone Project farmlet experiment. Results indicate that the strategic decision of pasture renovation should only be considered when pastures are in a severely degraded state, whereas the tactical use of grazing rest or low stocking rates should be considered as the most profitable means of maintaining adequate proportions of desirable species within a pasture sward. The optimal stocking rates identified reflected a pattern which may best be described as a seasonal saving and consumption cycle. The optimal tactical and strategic decisions at different pasture states, based on biomass and species composition, varies both between seasons and in response to the imposed soil fertility regime. Implications of these findings at the whole-farm level are discussed in the context of the Cicerone Project farmlets.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve the Energy Performance of Buildings: A Review of Their Life Cycle Impact

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia MIRABELLA ◽  
Martin RÖCK ◽  
Marcella Ruschi Mendes SAADE ◽  
Carolin SPIRINCKX ◽  
Marc BOSMANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Operational Energy

Globally, the building sector is responsible for more than 40% of energy use and it contributes approximately 30% of the global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This high contribution stimulates research and policies to reduce the operational energy use and related GHG emissions of buildings. However, the environmental impacts of buildings can extend wide beyond the operational phase, and the portion of impacts related to the embodied energy of the building becomes relatively more important in low energy buildings. Therefore, the goal of the research is gaining insights into the environmental impacts of various building strategies for energy efficiency requirements compared to the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole building. The goal is to detect and investigate existing trade-offs in current approaches and solutions proposed by the research community. A literature review is driven by six fundamental and specific research questions (RQs), and performed based on two main tasks: (i) selection of literature studies, and (ii) critical analysis of the selected studies in line with the RQs. A final sample of 59 papers and 178 case studies has been collected, and key criteria are systematically analysed in a matrix. The study reveals that the high heterogeneity of the case studies makes it difficult to compare these in a straightforward way, but it allows to provide an overview of current methodological challenges and research gaps. Furthermore, the most complete studies provide valuable insights in the environmental benefits of the identified energy performance strategies over the building life cycle, but also shows the risk of burden shifting if only operational energy use is focused on, or when a limited number of environmental impact categories are assessed.

scholarly journals Making Saints: Canonization and Community in Late Imperial Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Robert H. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Church State Relations ◽  
Imperial Family ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Official Recognition

The story of canonization in late imperial Russia has been told, traditionally, as a political and institutional narrative of church-state relations, of strategic decisions made at the highest levels by high-ranking clerics and members of the imperial family. This essay examines the cults of Anna Kashinskaia and Sofronii Irkutskii as case studies of canonization “from below,” demonstrating that in both instances local believers and clerics played prominent roles in initiating and ultimately securing official recognition for their locally-revered miracle-workers as a gesture of thanks for miracles rendered to the community. The efforts of the local faithful on behalf of their saints speaks both to the deep feelings of reciprocal obligation that characterized believers’ relationships with the holy dead, and to the powerful localized dimension of sanctity. The miracle stories attributed by local believers to Saints Anna and Sofronii reveal how the faithful saw and talked about their saints not as distant fi gures in another world but as hometown heroes forever present in the community where they had lived, served, died, and (most importantly) were buried.

scholarly journals ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE PLANNING UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MENGGUNAKAN ZACHMAN FRAMEWORK

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desy Nurnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Zachman Framework

Pengembangan sistem informasi memerlukan perencanaan untuk melengkapi arah strategi perguruan tinggi.Perencanaan dibangun dengan mendefinisikan arsitektur data, aplikasi dan teknologi dalam penggunaan informasi untuk mendukung business process kemudian perancangan arsitektur untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan membuat skema arsitektur pada Universitas. Pemodelan bisnis utama yang digambarkan pada penelitian ini dalam bentuk value chain memiliki aktivitas utamanya yaitu Penerimaan Mahasiswa, Operasional Akademik, dan Penglepasan Mahasiswa. Ruang lingkup enterprise architecture  planning untuk pengembangan sistem informasi ini meliputi bagian akademik. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam perancangan arsitektur enterprise Enterprise Architecture Planning dengan kerangka kerja zahman (Zachman Framework) yang mengacu baris pertama dan kedua yang merupakan perspektif perencana dan pemilik, serta tiga kolom pertama yaitu kolom data, fungsi dan jaringan. Hasil perancangan arsitektur enterprise berupa cetak biru sistem informasi untuk data, aplikasi dan teknologi.Cetak biru sistem informasi berguna sebagai landasan bagi pengembangan sistem informasi secara keseluruhan yang lebih baik dalam business process perguruan tinggi. Kata kunci: enterprise architecture planning, arsitektur data, arsitektur aplikasi, arsitektur teknologi, business process, value chain, pengembangan sistem informasi.  

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