Digital Watermarking of Speech Signals

2008 ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Aparna Gurijala
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Speech Watermarking ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Speech Features

The main objective of the chapter is to provide an overview of existing speech watermarking technology and to demonstrate the importance of speech processing concepts for the design and evaluation of watermarking algorithms. This chapter describes the factors to be considered while designing speech watermarking algorithms, including the choice of the domain and speech features for watermarking, watermarked signal fidelity, watermark robustness, data payload, security, and watermarking applications. The chapter presents several state-of-the-art robust and fragile speech watermarking algorithms and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.

Digital Watermarking Techniques for Audio and Speech Signals

2011 ◽  
pp. 132-160
Author(s):  
Aparna Gurijala ◽  
John R. Deller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Audio Watermarking ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Signal Features

The main objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of existing speech and audio watermarking technology and to demonstrate the importance of signal processing for the design and evaluation of watermarking algorithms. This chapter describes the factors to be considered while designing speech and audio watermarking algorithms, including the choice of the domain and signal features for watermarking, watermarked signal fidelity, watermark robustness, data payload, security, and watermarking applications. The chapter presents several state-of-the-art speech and audio watermarking algorithms and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The various applications of watermarking and developments in performance evaluation of watermarking algorithms are also described.

scholarly journals Speech Watermarking for Tampering Detection Based on Modifications to LSFs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiangning Chen ◽  
Weitao Yuan ◽  
Shengbei Wang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Quantization Index Modulation ◽  
Tampering Detection ◽  
Speech Watermarking ◽  
Dither Modulation ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Index Modulation

There have been serious issues concerning the protection of speech signals from malicious tampering. Digital watermarking has been paid much attention in solving this problem. This paper proposes a tampering detection approach based on speech watermarking by modifying the line spectral frequencies (LSFs). Watermarks are embedded into LSFs that derived from linear prediction (LP) analysis with dither modulation-quantization index modulation (DM-QIM). Minor modifications to LSFs introduced by quantization not only enable the watermarks to be inaudible to human auditory system but also provide the possibility of robustness against meaningful processing and fragility against tampering. We evaluated the proposed approach with objective evaluations with respect to inaudibility, robustness, and fragility. The results indicated that the proposed approach for tampering detection not only satisfied inaudibility but also provided good robustness against meaningful processing and fragility against malicious tampering.

Audio and Speech Watermarking and Quality Evaluation

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghui Tu ◽  
Jiying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Speech Watermarking ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Copyright Information ◽  
Host Signal

In this chapter, we will introduce digital watermarking systems and quality evaluation algorithms for audio and speech signals. Originally designed for copyright protection, digital watermarking is a technique that embeds some data to the host signal to show the copyright information. The embedded data, or the watermark, cannot be eliminated from the host signal with normal use or even after some attacks. In the first part of this chapter, we introduce a generic framework of digital watermarking systems. Several properties and application of the watermarking systems are then described. Focused on audio and speech signals, we divide the watermarking algorithms into robust and fragile ones. Different concerns and techniques are described for each category. In the second part of this chapter, a novel watermarking algorithm for audio and speech quality evaluation is introduced together with some conventional quality evaluation standards.

Platelet monitoring for PCI

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Capodanno ◽  
D. J. Angiolillo
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

SummaryDespite the clinical benefit associated with the combined use of aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a considerable interindividual variability in response to these drugs have been consistently reported. There is a growing interest on applying platelet functional tests with the goal of identifying patients at increased risk of recurrent ischaemic events and potentially tailoring antiplatelet treatment regimens.This manuscript will review the state of the art on the most commonly available platelet functional tests, describing their advantages and disadvantages and exploring their applicability in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Performance vs. hardware requirements in state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Alessandro Pappalardo ◽  
Horia Cucu ◽  
Michaela Blott
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Guided Tour ◽  
Embedded Applications

AbstractThe last decade brought significant advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) thanks to the evolution of deep learning methods. ASR systems evolved from pipeline-based systems, that modeled hand-crafted speech features with probabilistic frameworks and generated phone posteriors, to end-to-end (E2E) systems, that translate the raw waveform directly into words using one deep neural network (DNN). The transcription accuracy greatly increased, leading to ASR technology being integrated into many commercial applications. However, few of the existing ASR technologies are suitable for integration in embedded applications, due to their hard constrains related to computing power and memory usage. This overview paper serves as a guided tour through the recent literature on speech recognition and compares the most popular ASR implementations. The comparison emphasizes the trade-off between ASR performance and hardware requirements, to further serve decision makers in choosing the system which fits best their embedded application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide this kind of trade-off analysis for state-of-the-art ASR systems.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Recommender Systems and Their Applications in Cybersecurity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5248
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pawlicka ◽  
Marek Pawlicki ◽  
Rafał Kozik ◽  
Ryszard S. Choraś
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Recommender System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Valuable Role

This paper discusses the valuable role recommender systems may play in cybersecurity. First, a comprehensive presentation of recommender system types is presented, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, possible applications and security concerns. Then, the paper collects and presents the state of the art concerning the use of recommender systems in cybersecurity; both the existing solutions and future ideas are presented. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: to date, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no work collecting the applications of recommenders for cybersecurity. Moreover, this paper attempts to complete a comprehensive survey of recommender types, after noticing that other works usually mention two–three types at once and neglect the others.

scholarly journals Summer Research Placements – State-of-the-Art Science by pre-University Students

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (56) ◽  
pp. 3715-3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sporea ◽  
S. Lygo-Baker
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Student Training

ABSTRACTSummer research placements are an effective training and research tool. Over three years, our group has hosted nine pre-university students over periods of four to six weeks. Apart from student training and skills acquisition, the placements have produced several peer-reviewed technical publications. Our approach relies on careful pre-planning of activities, frequent student interaction, coupled with independent and group learning. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of this manner of running summer placements.

scholarly journals On the Properties of Non-Media Digital Watermarking: A Review of State of the Art Techniques

IEEE Access ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2670-2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Soltani Panah ◽  
Ron Van Schyndel ◽  
Timos Sellis ◽  
Elisa Bertino
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Art Techniques

New Trends in Asymptotic Approaches: Summation and Interpolation Methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Andrianov ◽  
Jan Awrejcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Asymptotic Methods ◽  
Perturbation Series ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Local Character

In this review article, we present in some detail new trends in application of asymptotic techniques to mechanical problems. First we consider the various methods which allows for the possibility of extending the perturbation series application space and hence omiting their local character. While applying the asymptotic methods very often the following situation appears: an existence of the asymptotics ε → 0 implies an existence of the asymptotics ε → ∞ (or, in a more general sense, ε → a and ε → b). Therefore, an idea of constructing a single solution valid for a whole interval of parameter ε changes is very attractive. In other words, we discuss a problem of asymptotically equivalent function constructions possessing for ε → a and ε → b a known asymptotic behavior. The defined problems are very important from the point of view of both theoretical and applied sciences. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art, by presenting the existing methods and by pointing out their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the fields of their applications. In addition, some new methods are also proposed. The methods are demonstrated on a wide variety of static and dynamic solid mechanics problems and some others involving fluid mechanics. This review article contains 340 references.

Regression-Based Noise Modeling for Speech Signal Processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150022
Author(s):  
Caio Cesar Enside de Abreu ◽  
Marco Aparecido Queiroz Duarte ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Jozue Vieira Filho ◽  
Francisco Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Enhancement ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Speech Signals ◽  
Speech Signal Processing ◽  
Acoustic Environment

Speech processing systems are very important in different applications involving speech and voice quality such as automatic speech recognition, forensic phonetics and speech enhancement, among others. In most of them, the acoustic environmental noise is added to the original signal, decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the speech quality by consequence. Therefore, estimating noise is one of the most important steps in speech processing whether to reduce it before processing or to design robust algorithms. In this paper, a new approach to estimate noise from speech signals is presented and its effectiveness is tested in the speech enhancement context. For this purpose, partial least squares (PLS) regression is used to model the acoustic environment (AE) and a Wiener filter based on a priori SNR estimation is implemented to evaluate the proposed approach. Six noise types are used to create seven acoustically modeled noises. The basic idea is to consider the AE model to identify the noise type and estimate its power to be used in a speech processing system. Speech signals processed using the proposed method and classical noise estimators are evaluated through objective measures. Results show that the proposed method produces better speech quality than state-of-the-art noise estimators, enabling it to be used in real-time applications in the field of robotic, telecommunications and acoustic analysis.

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