A Cognitive Appraisal Based Approach for Emotional Representation

2009 ◽  
pp. 228-246
Author(s):  
Sigerist J. Rodríguez ◽  
Pilar Herrero ◽  
Olinto J. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Emotional Interaction ◽  
Emotional Representation ◽  
Emotional Representations

Today, realism and coherence are highly searched qualities in agent’s behavior; but these qualities cannot be achieved completely without incorporation of emotions. This chapter shows a model for emotional representations in intelligent agents. The model is based on the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions; this theory affirms that stimuli are processed by a cognitive mechanism that determines what emotion to feel. It is also based on the Aaron Sloman’s research where positively and negatively affective states are exposed, as well as, on the theory of basic emotions. The model tries to define an emotional representation data structure for intelligent agents. It also defines the emotional behavior mechanisms when a stimulus is processed, as well as, emotional interaction mechanisms. This chapter is presented in five sections: Introduction, where the topic is presented. State-of-the-Art, where it is introduced a review of emotional studies in psychological areas, as well as, computing areas. The Model Definition section, where a detailed model structure and mechanism are introduced. A fourth section describing the future trends and researches and finally the chapter conclusions.

The Bodily and Cultural Roots of Emotion Metaphors

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
Laura Otis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Self Help ◽  
George Lakoff

Recent theories of emotion take different stands on how greatly language can influence emotional experience. William James’s peripheral feedback theory, Paul Ekman’s basic emotions theory, Magda Arnold’s appraisal theory, and Lisa Feldman Barrett’s conceptual act theory offer distinct frameworks for understanding how physiology and culture interact in human emotions. The research of Max Black, George Lakoff, and Zoltán Kövecses indicates that emotion metaphors have bodily and cultural roots. Dante Alighieri’s Inferno and John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress illustrate the religious origin of metaphors for culturally “banned” emotions. Traces of these religious origins can be seen in the metaphors of self-help books such as Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence, Travis Bradberry’s and Jean Greaves’s Emotional Intelligence 2.0, and Spencer Johnson’s Who Moved My Cheese? A long-standing cultural tradition presumes there is a self separate from the emotions that is responsible for controlling them, but scientific studies point toward emotional regulation within a self.

The role of cinematic techniques in understanding character affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
James A. Clinton ◽  
Stephen W. Briner ◽  
Andrew M. Sherrill ◽  
Thomas Ackerman ◽  
Joseph P. Magliano
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Basic Emotions

Abstract Filmmakers must rely on cinematic devices of perspective (close-ups and point-of-view shot sequencing) to emphasize facial expressions associated with affective states. This study explored the extent to which differences in the use of these devices across two films that have the same content lead to differences in the understanding of the affective states of characters. Participants viewed one of two versions of the films and made affective judgments about how characters felt about one another with respect to saddness and anger. The extent to which the auditory and visual contexts were present when making the judgments was varied across four experiments. The results of the study showed judgments about sadness differed across the two films, but only when the entire context (sound and visual input) were present. The results are discussed in the context of the role of facial expressions and context in inferring basic emotions.

Role of affect in marketplace rumor propagation

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-644
Author(s):  
Subin Sudhir ◽  
Anandakuttan B. Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rumor Propagation ◽  
Sharing Behavior ◽  
Significant Factors

Purpose Rumors about products and brands are common occurrence in the marketplace. Often these rumors are shared among consumers using the word of mouth channel. The spread of these rumors is fast and can lead to significant consequences to products and brands. The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of such rumor sharing behavior among consumers. Specifically, this paper investigates the role of positive affect and negative affect in rumor sharing behavior. Three key rumor characteristics (valence, involvement and credibility) are explored as antecedents to positive affect and negative affect. Design/methodology/approach The paper collects data from 236 respondents using Amazon MTurk, and conducts a PLS–SEM analysis to explore the role of positive affect and negative affect in rumor sharing contexts. Findings Both positive affect and negative affect were found to be significant factors leading to rumor sharing, furthermore positive affect was found to have a stronger influence on rumor sharing as compared to negative affect. The study also delineates the role of valence, involvement and credibility in rumor sharing scenarios, all of which have a strong role in shaping positive affect and negative affect. Originality/value The study is novel in using cognitive appraisal theory to illustrate the formation of positive affect and negative affect in rumor encounters. The study conclusively illustrates the role of cognitive appraisal and emotional experiences in the rumor propagation context, and advances the marketing scholarship’s understanding significantly.

scholarly journals Emotional representations of space vary as a function of peoples’ mental health and interoceptive awareness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Galvez-Pol ◽  
Marcos Nadal ◽  
James Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Emotional Representation ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates ◽  
Emotional Representations ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
Representations Of Space

As people interact in extensive environments, their space becomes intertwined with emotions. Yet, beyond the study of spatial appraisal and navigation1–3, the emotional representation of space remains elusive. Here we developed a method that, even without mobility (during Covid-19 lockdown), allows examining participants’ emotional representation of space and psychophysiological correlates. We gave participants blank maps of the region where they lived and asked them to apply shade where they had happy/sad memories, and where they wanted to go after the lockdown. They also completed self-reports on mental health and interoceptive awareness (appraisal of inner bodily sensations). By adapting neuroimaging methods, we examined shaded pixels instead of brain voxels to quantify where and how strong emotions are represented in space. The results revealed that happy memories were consistently associated with similar spatial locations. Yet, this mapping response varied as a function of participants’ mental health and interoceptive awareness. Interestingly, maps of happy memories and desired locations after lockdown overlay significantly with natural environments (vs. non-natural). These results suggest that our relationship with the environment relates to how we feel and appraise bodily sensations (i.e., allostasis in space). Our method may provide a spatially ecological marker for physical and mental disorders.

Designing emotional BDI agents: good practices and open questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanet Sánchez-López ◽  
Eva Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Bdi Agents ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Bdi Architecture ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Emotional Agents ◽  
Great Advance

Abstract Intelligent agents built on the basis of the BDI (belief–desire–intention) architecture are known as BDI agents. Currently, due to the increasing importance given to the affective capacities, they have evolved giving way to the BDI emotional agents. These agents are generally characterized by affective states such as emotions, mood or personality but sometimes also by affective capacities such as empathy or emotional regulation. In the paper, a review of the most relevant proposals to include emotional aspects in the design of BDI agents is presented. Both BDI formalizations and BDI architecture extensions are covered. From the review, common findings and good practices modeling affect, empathy and regulatory capacities in BDI agents, are extracted. In spite of the great advance in the area several, open questions remain and are also discussed in the paper.

Embodied Appraisals and Non-emotional States

Human Affairs ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Hvorecký
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Appraisal Theory Of Emotions ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Definition Of

Embodied Appraisals and Non-emotional StatesWe present the embodied appraisal theory of emotions and show how it handles a variety of intuitions we hold about affective states. While appreciating its integrative potential, we point out possible difficulties that it might face from further investigation of embodied non-emotional states. Following Darwin and his work on the expression of emotions, we suggest that some obviously non-emotional mental states comply with the criteria set by Prinz's theory. Therefore it is doubtful whether his definition of emotions is correct and whether perceptual approaches are useful in explicating the nature of emotion types.

Unfolding Commitments Management

2009 ◽  
pp. 198-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Aubé
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Emotional Episodes

The Commitment Theory of Emotions is issued from a careful scrutiny of emotional behavior in humans and animals, as reported in the literature on Evolutionary Biology, Neurosciences and the Psychology of emotions. Emotions are viewed as a special layer of processes, wired upon needs and instincts, and dealing mainly with nurturance, social bonding and cooperative behavior, especially between kin and relatives. As every other motivational system, they operate so as to manage resources critical for survival and reproduction. The peculiar resources emotions do manage are commitments, understood as the predispositions of a given individual to help others and collaborate with them in a reciprocal manner. This view clarifies considerably the interactions emotions entertain with a variety of modules involved in their operation, from the detection of antecedents in perceptual or memory systems, to the elicitation of the appropriate emotion, to the execution of the corresponding script, to the expression of emotions as the typical outcome of emotional episodes. The flow of processing is continuously modulated by affective states of the organisms and by other motivational systems. The chapter expounds the operation of each module as well as their interactions with each other. It concludes that successful implementation of emotions in artificial systems will have to rest upon the specifications of complex and realistic models of the kind presented.

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