Pulse Wave Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Hemodynamics Principles**

2011 ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Haixia Yan ◽  
Fufeng Li ◽  
Jianjun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Feature Parameters

From the perspective of hemodynamics principles, the pressure pulse wave marked in the radial artery is the comprehensive result of pulse wave propagation and reflection in the arterial conduit. The most common pulse charts (also called pulse wave) obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse-taking technique, if quantified and standardized, may become a universal and valuable diagnostic tool. The methods of feature extraction of TCM pulse charts currently involve time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis and time-frequency joint analysis. The feature parameters extracted by these methods have no definite clinical significance. Therefore, these feature parameters cannot essentially differentiate different types of TCM pulse. In this chapter, the harmonic analysis method was applied to analyze the common TCM pulse charts (plain pulse, wiry pulse, slippery pulse). Velocity and reflectivity coefficients of pulse were calculated. We found that wave velocities and reflection coefficients of different TCM pulse have different distributions. Furthermore, we studied the clinical significance of velocities and reflection coefficients. The result suggests that wave velocity and reflection coefficient are the feature parameters of TCM pulse with physiological and pathological significance, which can be used to interpret formation of Chinese medicine pulse. Our study reveals the mechanism of TCM pulse formation and promotes non-invasive TCM pulse diagnostic method.

scholarly journals Analysis of Three-Phase Wye-Delta Connected LLC

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3606
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Lin ◽  
Chuan-Ting Chen ◽  
Kuan-Hung Chen ◽  
Yi-Feng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Plane Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Three Phase

Three-phase wye–delta LLC topology is suitable for voltage step down and high output current, and has been used in the industry for some time, e.g., for server power and EV charger. However, no comprehensive circuit analysis has been performed for three-phase wye–delta LLC. This paper provides complete analysis methods for three-phase wye–delta LLC. The analysis methods include circuit operation, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, and state–plane analysis. Circuit operation helps determine the circuit composition and operation sequence. Time domain analysis helps understand the detail operation, equivalent circuit model, and circuit equation. Frequency domain analysis helps obtain the curve of the transfer function and assists in circuit design. State–plane analysis is used for optimal trajectory control (OTC). These analyses not only can calculate the voltage/current stress, but can also help design three-phase wye-delta connected LLC and provide the OTC control reference. In addition, this paper uses PSIM simulation to verify the correctness of analysis. At the end, a 5-kW three-phase wye–delta LLC prototype is realized. The specification of the prototype is a DC input voltage of 380 V and output voltage/current of 48 V/105 A. The peak efficiency is 96.57%.

Modelling of Electrohydraulic Systems with Transmission Lines using Modal Approximations

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Watton
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Good Comparison ◽  
Distributed Friction

The method of modal approximation to the distributed friction transmission line functions via frequency-domain analysis is briefly discussed. A specific form is then derived which allows time-domain analysis to be easily pursued using a digital simulation package approach. The method is applied to a highly non-linear servo-valve controlled motor system and a good comparison between experiment and theory is shown. A comparison is also made with previous work using the method of characteristics, and natural frequency predictions are also compared with some common lumped parameter approximations.

scholarly journals A New Conceptual Design and Dynamic Analysis of a Spar-Type Offshore Wind Turbine Combined with a Moonpool

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Dam Pham ◽  
Hyunkyoung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Floating offshore wind turbines promise to provide an abundant source of energy. Currently, much attention is being paid to the efficient performance and the economics of floating wind systems. This paper aims to develop a spar-type platform to support a 5-MW reference wind turbine at a water depth of 150 m. The spar-type platform includes a moonpool at the center. The design optimization process is composed of three steps; the first step uses a spreadsheet to calculate the platform dimensions; the second step is a frequency domain analysis of the responses in wave conditions; and the final step is a fully coupled simulation time domain analysis to obtain the dynamic responses in combined wind, wave, and current conditions. By having a water column inside the open moonpool, the system’s dynamic responses to horizontal and rotating motions are significantly reduced. Reduction of these motions leads to a reduction in the nacelle acceleration and tower base bending moment. On the basic of optimization processes, a spar-type platform combined with a moonpool is suggested, which has good performance in both operational conditions and extreme conditions.

Hydrostatic Stability and Global Performance Analysis for Set TLP

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Yuck ◽  
S. J. Kim ◽  
S. U. Sung ◽  
H. J. Kim ◽  
D. Y. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Tendon Tension

SET (Samsung Enhanced hull for Tendon) TLP (Tension Leg Platform) has been designed as an innovative TLP hull form with optimized number of tendons compared to conventional TLP design. SHI (Samsung Heavy Industries) designed the SET TLP to have the minimized hull weight with narrow and thin pontoon which results in the less number of tendons without any outboard extension of column or pontoon. The SET TLP has 8 tendons which are evenly attached along with the octagonal shaped-ring pontoon. The unique shape of octagonal ring pontoon distributes the wave load and concentrated tendon loads in larger areas, which can minimize the structural reinforcement. To verify the feasibility of the proposed hull concept with regard to the hydrostatic/hydrodynamic characteristics and tendon design, the numerical analyses for the hydrostatic stability and global performance are carried out. Hydrostatic stability is investigated for all the possible loading cases such as float-off, wet transit, tendon installation and operational conditions, and the proper tank compartments are achieved for all the scenarios without using any temporary stability module. The global performance is validated for all the possible combinations of wave, swell, wind, current and/or squall for a site in Western Africa. Through the frequency-domain analysis and nonlinear time-domain analysis as well, the essential items such as the maximum offset/set-down/top tendon tension, minimum bottom tendon tension are examined and confirms that the certain design criteria of TLP operation are satisfied.

A Frequency Domain Analysis of Learning Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Learning Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Convergence Criterion ◽  
The Time Domain

The convergence of learning control is traditionally analyzed in the time domain. This is because a finite planning horizon is often assumed and the analysis in time domain can be extended to time-varying and nonlinear systems. For linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with infinite planning horizon, however, we show that simple frequency domain techniques can be used to quickly derive several interesting results not amenable to time-domain analysis, such as predicting the rate of convergence or the design of optimum learning control law. We explain a paradox arising from applying the finite time convergence criterion to the infinite time learning control problem, and propose the use of current error feedback for controlling possibly unstable systems.

A Portable Detecting and Analytic Instrument of Vibration Signal

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Li ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Hong Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Notebook Computer ◽  
Usb Bus ◽  
Data Acquisition Card

It is often needed in engineering that detecting and analyzing vibration signal of some equipment. To meet the requirement, a portable detecting and analytic instrument was designed using virtual instrument concept. In the instrument, notebook computer was used as the platform of hardware. Vibration signal was obtained by integrated piezoelectric acceleration sensor (DTS0104T), and was transferred to a notebook computer through data acquisition card (NI USB-6210) based on USB bus. The software, running on the notebook computer, was developed under LabVIEW. Vibration signal could be displayed on screen, recorded in disk or printed by printer, retrieved, and analyzed. The analysis functions of the instrument include: time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, time-frequency domain analysis, and correlation analysis. The instrument is compact, portable, powerful, and with friendly interfaces, has broad application prospects.

Persistence of Asymmetry in Nonaxisymmetric Entry Flow in a Circular Cylindrical Tube and Its Relevance to Arterial Pulse Wave Diagnosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xue ◽  
Y. C. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pulse ◽  
Entry Length ◽  
Arterial Pulse Wave

In an experiment motivated by the study of arterial blood flow along the lines suggested by the traditional Chinese medicine, the flow in a pipe whose lumen was blocked by a semi-circular plug two tube-diameters long was visualized by suspended particles, recorded by cinematography, and analyzed digitally. The Reynolds number was in the range of 100 to 450 based on the pipe diameter, similar to that of blood flow in the radial artery in the arms of man. The blockage was found to have a profound effect on the velocity profile of the flow in the wake, but it had little influence on the symmetry of the velocity profile upstream of the block, except in its immediate neighborhood. When the end conditions far away from the block were steady, the flow in the wake was steady. The asymmetry of the flow in the wake can be judged by the deviation of the location of the maximum axial velocity from the center line of the pipe as seen in the plane of symmetry of the blockage. Our results show that the deviation can be described as the sum of two components. The first is a strong one which decays exponentially in an entry length which is about twice as long as the classical Boussinesq entry length of axisymmetric flow. The second is a weaker component which is wavy spatially and persists far downstream (many times the entry length). The separated flow and vortex system behind the blockage are sensitive to the flow rate. The relevance of these findings to the arterial pulse wave diagnosis methods used in the traditional Chinese medicine is discussed. We show that the human arteries are shorter than the entry length, hence nonaxisymmetric disturbances can be propagated throughout the circulation system. We propose that the propagation of the persistent, small, wavy asymmetric wave is relevant to the “localization” of the spheres of influence of internal and external organs in a two-inch region of the radial artery. We propose further that the method of pressing hard on the artery to “feel” the pulse is to amplify the signal by creating a wake that is very sensitive to velocity of flow.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of a Direct-Operated Seawater Hydraulic Relief Valve under Deep Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yipan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
The Stability

Taking into account the deformation of a designed direct-operated seawater hydraulic relief valve in deep sea, which might have a great influence on the stability of the valve, a mathematic model of the relief valve was established and stability analysis was conducted. As the fitting clearances between the damping sleeve and the damping bar play a key role in the performance of the relief valve, the fitting clearances after deformation under pressure of different ocean depths were obtained using finite element method. Applying the deformation data to the relief valve model, the stability and relative stability could be analyzed quantitatively through both the frequency domain analysis method and the time domain analysis method to detect the influence of the fitting clearance after deformation. The simulation results show that the seawater relief valve has a stable performance within 4000 meters deep under the sea.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MEDAN LISTRIK YANG DIPRODUKSI OLEH PRELIMINARY BREAKDOWN PADA PETIR NEGATIF AWAN KE BUMI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fadli Eka Yandra
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Power Spectrum Density ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
The Difference

The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the benefits of the analysis of Power Spectrum Density (PSD) to observe the change of the electric field at intermediate negative lightning cloud to ground (CG) and terminology-intermediate breakdown-leader (BIL) before turning the struck first. Analysis was done on data 74 occurrence of lightning in the city of Padang, with terminology BIL. Time domain analysis time – frequency of use applications Short Time Fourier Trasnform (STFT), then the results of the analysis time domain – frequency domain analysis compared with the time. The basis of the use of the STFT is the calculation of Spektogram.  Time domain analysis of results time – frequency domain analysis against the difference obtained by time, where for data with sampling rate 1 MS/s (low resolution) in the domain of time, does not happen much changes compared data with sampling rate 25 MS/s (high resolution), high resolution spectrum due to clearer spectrum amplitude frequency. Different the results of the calculation phase BIL with time domain data will look on the lightning with a time limit of occurrence of short or Intermediate phase on the value of the voltage E smaller, because it forms the lower wave recording-amplitudo, so can be seen clearly the difference phases of BIL is happening. Keyword: Preliminary Breakdown, Intermediate Duration, phase based on Power Spectrum Density BIL.

Behaviour of a Suspended Wellbay Module and Flare Tower in Waves During Transit to Shore

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi-Sang Chan ◽  
Evren Armaoğlu ◽  
Matthew Thomson ◽  
Alistair Garner
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Regular Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Response Amplitude Operators

Abstract The extended lift operation to deliver the Wellbay module (M5) combined with the Flare Tower (M8) from the Miller Platform in the North Sea to the shore using the Semi-Submersible Crane Vessel S7000 was restricted by the clearances between M5/M8 and the vessel crane booms. A method to calculate the clearances of the M5/M8 normal to the vessel crane booms has been developed and used in a frequency-domain response analysis to define operability limits. Investigations based on a series of scale model tests in regular waves and irregular short-crested waves including motion decay tests in calm water, conducted by the Maritime Research Institute (MARIN) in the Netherlands, were also made to further evaluate the behaviour of the suspended M5/M8 on S7000’s main hooks during transit. The time series of decay motions of the suspended M5/M8 obtained from the decay motion tests and a time domain analysis are compared and used to derive rigging damping. The numerical results of the frequency-domain analysis are validated with the experimental data for response amplitude operators (RAOs) found in regular waves and pink noise waves, significant and 3 hour most probable maximum/minimum (MPM) responses of interest in irregular waves.

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