Fatigue Monitoring for Drivers in Advanced Driver-Assistance System

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Sarvani Videla ◽  
M. Ashok Kumar P
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Face Region ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring ◽  
State Detection ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Face

The detection of person fatigue is one of the important tasks to detect drowsiness in the domain of image processing. Though lots of work has been carried out in this regard, there is a void of work shows the exact correctness. In this chapter, the main objective is to present an efficient approach that is a combination of both eye state detection and yawn in unconstrained environments. In the first proposed method, the face region and then eyes and mouth are detected. Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features are extracted from detected eyes. These features are fed to Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier that classifies the eye state as closed or not closed. Distance between intensity changes in the mouth map is used to detect yawn. In second proposed method, off-the-shelf face detectors and facial landmark detectors are used to detect the features, and a novel eye and mouth metric is proposed. The eye results obtained are checked for consistency with yawn detection results in both the proposed methods. If any one of the results is indicating fatigue, the result is considered as fatigue. Second proposed method outperforms first method on two standard data sets.

Feature Selection Method Based on Mutual Information and Support Vector Machine

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150021
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Chunbao Xiao ◽  
Bin Song
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Feature Dimension

A feature selection method based on mutual information and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in order to eliminate redundant feature and improve classification accuracy. First, local correlation between features and overall correlation is calculated by mutual information. The correlation reflects the information inclusion relationship between features, so the features are evaluated and redundant features are eliminated with analyzing the correlation. Subsequently, the concept of mean impact value (MIV) is defined and the influence degree of input variables on output variables for SVM network based on MIV is calculated. The importance weights of the features described with MIV are sorted by descending order. Finally, the SVM classifier is used to implement feature selection according to the classification accuracy of feature combination which takes MIV order of feature as a reference. The simulation experiments are carried out with three standard data sets of UCI, and the results show that this method can not only effectively reduce the feature dimension and high classification accuracy, but also ensure good robustness.

scholarly journals Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Smiatacz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Face Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
Consumer Devices

Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication Biometric identification systems, i.e. the systems that are able to recognize humans by analyzing their physiological or behavioral characteristics, have gained a lot of interest in recent years. They can be used to raise the security level in certain institutions or can be treated as a convenient replacement for PINs and passwords for regular users. Automatic face recognition is one of the most popular biometric technologies, widely used even by many low-end consumer devices such as netbooks. However, even the most accurate face identification algorithm would be useless if it could be cheated by presenting a photograph of a person instead of the real face. Therefore, the proper liveness measurement is extremely important. In this paper we present a method that differentiates between video sequences showing real persons and their photographs. First we calculate the optical flow of the face region using the Farnebäck algorithm. Then we convert the motion information into images and perform the initial data selection. Finally, we apply the Support Vector Machine to distinguish between real faces and photographs. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach could be successfully applied in practice.

scholarly journals A Mature-Tomato Detection Algorithm Using Machine Learning and Color Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxu Liu ◽  
Shuyi Mao ◽  
Jae Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
False Color ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Coarse To Fine ◽  
Tomato Detection

An algorithm was proposed for automatic tomato detection in regular color images to reduce the influence of illumination and occlusion. In this method, the Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor was used to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A coarse-to-fine scanning method was developed to detect tomatoes, followed by a proposed False Color Removal (FCR) method to remove the false-positive detections. Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) was used to merge the overlapped results. Compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm showed substantial improvement in tomato detection. The results of tomato detection in the test images showed that the recall, precision, and F1 score of the proposed method were 90.00%, 94.41 and 92.15%, respectively.

Face liveness detection scheme with static and dynamic features

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Wu ◽  
Yaowen Xu ◽  
Meng Jian ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Wei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Liveness Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Frame Motion ◽  
Fully Connected

Face liveness detection is a significant research topic in face-based online authentication. The current face liveness detection approaches utilize either static or dynamic features, but not both. In fact, the dynamic and static features have different advantages in face liveness detection. In this paper, we propose a scheme combining dynamic and static features to capture merits of them for face liveness detection. First, the dynamic maps are captured from the inter-frame motion in the video, which investigates motion information of the face in the video. Then, with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), the dynamic and static features are extracted from the dynamic maps and the frame images, respectively. Next, in CNN, the fully connected layers containing the dynamic and static features are concatenated to form a fused feature. Finally, the fused features are used to train a binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which classifies the frames into two categories, i.e. frame with real or fake face. Experimental results and the corresponding analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme is capable of discovering face liveness by fusing dynamic and static features and it outperforms the current state-of-the-art face liveness detection approaches.

scholarly journals Fast Pedestrian Recognition Based on Multisensor Fusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Hu ◽  
Zhaowei Qu ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Jinhui Hu ◽  
Fulu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Multisensor Fusion ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Candidate Regions

A fast pedestrian recognition algorithm based on multisensor fusion is presented in this paper. Firstly, potential pedestrian locations are estimated by laser radar scanning in the world coordinates, and then their corresponding candidate regions in the image are located by camera calibration and the perspective mapping model. For avoiding time consuming in the training and recognition process caused by large numbers of feature vector dimensions, region of interest-based integral histograms of oriented gradients (ROI-IHOG) feature extraction method is proposed later. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained by a novel pedestrian sample dataset which adapt to the urban road environment for online recognition. Finally, we test the validity of the proposed approach with several video sequences from realistic urban road scenarios. Reliable and timewise performances are shown based on our multisensor fusing method.

scholarly journals Research on a Fast Human-Detection Algorithm for Unmanned Surveillance Area in Bulk Ports

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Mi ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Haiwei Liu ◽  
Youfang Huang ◽  
Weijian Mi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Heavy Equipment

With the development of port automation, most operational fields utilizing heavy equipment have gradually become unmanned. It is therefore imperative to monitor these fields in an effective and real-time manner. In this paper, a fast human-detection algorithm is proposed based on image processing. To speed up the detection process, the optimized histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) algorithm that can avoid the large number of double calculations of the original HOG and ignore insignificant features is used to describe the contour of the human body in real time. Based on the HOG features, using a training sample set consisting of scene images of a bulk port, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier combined with the AdaBoost classifier is trained to detect human. Finally, the results of the human detection experiments on Tianjin Port show that the accuracy of the proposed optimized algorithm has roughly the same accuracy as a traditional algorithm, while the proposed algorithm only takes 1/7 the amount of time. The accuracy and computing time of the proposed fast human-detection algorithm were verified to meet the security requirements of unmanned port areas.

Cancer Detection Using Aritifical Neural Network and Support Vector Machine: A Comparative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Hafizah Sy Ahmad Ubaidillah ◽  
Roselina Sallehuddin ◽  
Nor Azizah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Cancer Dataset ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Accurate diagnosis of cancer plays an importance role in order to save human life. The results of the diagnosis indicate by the medical experts are mostly differentiated based on the experience of different medical experts. This problem could risk the life of the cancer patients. From the literature, it has been found that Artificial Intelligence (AI) machine learning classifiers such as an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) can help doctors in diagnosing cancer more precisely. Both of them have been proven to produce good performance of cancer classification accuracy. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the ANN and SVM classifiers on four different cancer datasets. For breast cancer and liver cancer dataset, the features of the data are based on the condition of the organs  which is also called as standard data while for prostate cancer and ovarian cancer; both of these datasets are in the form of gene expression data. The datasets including benign and malignant tumours is specified to classify with proposed methods. The performance of both classifiers is evaluated using four different measuring tools which are accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Area under Curve (AUC). This research has shown that the SVM classifier can obtain good performance in classifying cancer data compare to ANN classifier.

A P2P Traffic Detection Method Based on Support Vector Machine

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1280-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Fu Gong ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Traffic Detection

The widely use of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) technology has caused resources take up too much, security risks and other problems, it is necessary to detect and control P2P traffic. After analyzing current P2P detection methods, a new method called TCBDM (Traffic Characters Based Detection Method) is put forward which combines P2P traffic character with support vector machine to detect P2P traffic. By choosing P2P traffic characters which differ from other network traffic, such as Round-Trip Time (RTT), the method creates a SVM classifier, uses a package named LIBSVM to classify P2P traffic in Moore_Set data sets. The result shows that TCBDM can detect P2P traffic effectively; the accuracy could reach 98%.

scholarly journals Vehicle Starter using Face Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-713
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Speeded Up Robust Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

Face acknowledgment is an interesting exploration subject as of late. The scientists proposed different strategies. The factors are similar to an assortment of lighting up, outward appearance, leveling, and perspective turn of events influences the precision of the face affirmation procedure. The fundamental requirement is the separation of the facial picture and the SURF (Speeded up Robust Features). Notwithstanding that they are additionally halfway invariable to brightening and relative change. This undertaking recommends a facial acknowledgment procedure utilizing SURF highlights and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed technique can prompt high acknowledgment productivity. The proposed framework is applied to vehicle get to control by interfacing the Arduino microcontroller board with PC.

scholarly journals A Facial Expression Recognition Model Based on Texture and Shape Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
Aihua Li ◽  
Lei An ◽  
Zihui Che
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Expression Classification

With the development of computer vision, facial expression recognition has become a research hotspot. To further improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition, this paper probes deep into image segmentation, feature extraction, and facial expression classification. Firstly, the convolution neural network (CNN) was adopted to accurately separate the salient regions from the face image. Next, the Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model was improved to enhance the ability of texture features to represent image information, and a novel feature extraction algorithm called specific angle abundance entropy (SAAE) was designed to improve the representation ability of shape features. After that, the texture features were combined with shape features, and trained and classified by the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Finally, the proposed method was compared with common methods of facial expression recognition on a standard facial expression database. The results show that our method can greatly improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition.

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